ndwarshuis
/
org-mode
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
org-mode/org

6521 lines
276 KiB
Plaintext
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This is org, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from org.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Org Mode: (org). outline-based notes management and organizer
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
This manual is for Org-mode (version 4.62).
Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License."
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."

File: org, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
Org Mode Manual
***************
This manual is for Org-mode (version 4.62).
Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License."
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by
the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
* Menu:
* Introduction:: Getting started
* Document structure:: A tree works like your brain
* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting
* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context
* TODO items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item
* Timestamps:: Assign date and time to items
* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
* Agenda views:: Collecting information into views
* Embedded LaTeX:: LaTeX fragments and formulas
* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing of notes
* Publishing:: Create a web site of linked Org-mode files
* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
* Extensions and Hacking:: It is possible to write add-on code
* History and Acknowledgments:: How Org-mode came into being
* Index:: The fast road to specific information
* Key Index:: Key bindings and where they are described
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Introduction
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation:: How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
* Activation:: How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
Document Structure
* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry
Archiving
* ARCHIVE tag:: Marking a tree as inactive
* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file
Tables
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities.
The spreadsheet
* References:: How to refer to another field or range
* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
* Field formulas:: Formulas valid for a single field
* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
* Editing and debuggung formulas:: Fixing formulas
* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
Hyperlinks
* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
* External links:: URL-like links to the world
* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
Internal links
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
TODO items
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into managable pieces
* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists
Extended use of TODO keywords
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types:: I do this, Fred the rest
* Per file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
Timestamps
* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
* Custom time format:: If you cannot work with the ISO format
* Repeating items:: Deadlines that come back again and again
* Progress logging:: Documenting when what work was done.
Creating timestamps
* The date/time prompt:: How org-mode helps you entering date and time
Progress Logging
* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
* Clocking work time:: When exactly did you work on this item?
Tags
* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
Agenda Views
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views
The built-in agenda views
* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review
Presentation and sorting
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
Custom agenda views
* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
* Setting Options:: Changing the rules
* Batch processing:: Agenda views from the command line
Embedded LaTeX
* Math symbols:: TeX macros for symbols and Greek letters
* Subscripts and Superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
* LaTeX fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
* Processing LaTeX fragments:: Previewing LaTeX processing
* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
Exporting
* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
* XOXO export:: Exporting to XOXO
* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
HTML export
* Export commands:: How to invode HTML export
* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org-mode
* Links:: How hyperlinks get transferred to HTML
* Images:: To inline or not to inline?
* CSS support:: Style specifications
Text interpretation by the exporter
* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
Publishing
* Configuration:: Defining projects
* Sample configuration:: Example projects
* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
Configuration
* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML export
* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
* Project page index:: Publishing a list of project files
Sample configuration
* Simple example:: One-component publishing
* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example
Miscellaneous
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
Interaction with other packages
* Cooperation:: Packages Org-mode cooperates with
* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts
Extensions, Hooks and Hacking
* Extensions:: Existing 3rd-part extensions
* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
* Special agenda views::

File: org, Node: Introduction, Next: Document structure, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Introduction
**************
* Menu:
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation:: How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
* Activation:: How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.

File: org, Node: Summary, Next: Installation, Prev: Introduction, Up: Introduction
1.1 Summary
===========
Org-mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and doing
project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
Org-mode develops organizational tasks around NOTES files that
contain lists or information about projects as plain text. Org-mode is
implemented on top of outline-mode, which makes it possible to keep the
content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling and
structure editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily created
with a built-in table editor. Org-mode supports ToDo items, deadlines,
time stamps, and scheduling. It dynamically compiles entries into an
agenda that utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar
and diary. Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails,
Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects.
For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file can be exported as a
structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (todo and agenda items only) as an
iCalendar file. It can also serve as a publishing tool for a set of
linked webpages.
An important design aspect that distinguishes Org-mode from for
example Planner/Muse is that it encougages to store every piece of
information only once. In Planner, you have project pages, day pages
and possibly other files, duplicating some information such as tasks.
In Org-mode, you only have notes files. In your notes you mark entries
as tasks, label them with tags and timestamps. All necessary lists
like a schedule for the day, the agenda for a meeting, tasks lists
selected by tags etc are created dynamically when you need them.
Org-mode keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should
feel like a straightforward, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not
imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when you need
it. Org-mode can be used on different levels and in different ways, for
example as:
* outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing
* ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes
* ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities
* TODO list editor
* full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling
* environment to implement David Allen's GTD system
* simple hypertext system, with HTML export
* publishing tool to create a set of interlinked webpages
Org-mode's automatic, context sensitive table editor with spreadsheet
capabilities can be integrated into any major mode by activating the
minor Orgtbl-mode.
There is a website for Org-mode which provides links to the newest
version of Org-mode, as well as additional information, frequently asked
questions (FAQ), links to tutorials etc. This page is located at
`http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/'.

File: org, Node: Installation, Next: Activation, Prev: Summary, Up: Introduction
1.2 Installation
================
Important: If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs
package, please skip this section and go directly to *Note Activation::.
If you have downloaded Org-mode from the Web, you must take the
following steps to install it: Go into the Org-mode distribution
directory and edit the top section of the file `Makefile'. You must
set the name of the Emacs binary (likely either `emacs' or `xemacs'),
and the paths to the directories where local Lisp and Info files are
kept. If you don't have access to the system-wide directories, create
your own two directories for these files, enter them into the Makefile,
and make sure Emacs finds the Lisp files by adding the following line
to `.emacs':
(setq load-path (cons "~/path/to/lispdir" load-path))
XEmacs users now need to install the file `noutline.el' from the
`xemacs' subdirectory of the Org-mode distribution. Use the command:
make install-noutline
Now byte-compile and install the Lisp files with the shell commands:
make
make install
If you want to install the info documentation, use this command:
make install-info
Then add to `.emacs':
;; This line only if org-mode is not part of the X/Emacs distribution.
(require 'org-install)

File: org, Node: Activation, Next: Feedback, Prev: Installation, Up: Introduction
1.3 Activation
==============
Add the following lines to your `.emacs' file. The last two lines
define _global_ keys for the commands `org-store-link' and `org-agenda'
- please choose suitable keys yourself.
;; The following lines are always needed. Choose your own keys.
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org$" . org-mode))
(define-key global-map "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
(define-key global-map "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
Furthermore, you must activate `font-lock-mode' in org-mode buffers,
because significant functionality depends on font-locking being active.
You can do this with either one of the following two lines (XEmacs
user must use the second option):
(global-font-lock-mode 1) ; for all buffers
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) ; org-mode buffers only
With this setup, all files with extension `.org' will be put into
Org-mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look like
this:
MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*-
which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what the file's
name is. See also the variable `org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file'.

File: org, Node: Feedback, Prev: Activation, Up: Introduction
1.4 Feedback
============
If you find problems with Org-mode, or if you have questions, remarks,
or ideas about it, please contact the maintainer Carsten Dominik at
<dominik at science dot uva dot nl>.
For bug reports, please provide as much information as possible,
including the version information of Emacs (`C-h v emacs-version
<RET>') and Org-mode (`C-h v org-version <RET>'), as well as the
Org-mode related setup in `.emacs'. If an error occurs, a backtrace
can be very useful (see below on how to create one). Often a small
example file helps, along with clear information about:
1. What exactly did you do?
2. What did you expect to happen?
3. What happened instead?
Thank you for helping to improve this mode.
How to create a useful backtrace
................................
If working with Org-mode produces an error with a message you don't
understand, you may have hit a bug. The best way to report this is by
providing, in addition to what was mentioned above, a _Backtrace_.
This is information from the built-in debugger about where and how the
error occurred. Here is how to produce a useful backtrace:
1. Start a fresh Emacs or XEmacs, and make sure that it will load the
original Lisp code in `org.el' instead of the compiled version in
`org.elc'. The backtrace contains much more information if it is
produced with uncompiled code. To do this, either rename `org.elc'
to something else before starting Emacs, or ask Emacs explicitly
to load `org.el' by using the command line
emacs -l /path/to/org.el
2. Go to the `Options' menu and select `Enter Debugger on Error'
(XEmacs has this option in the `Troubleshooting' sub-menu).
3. Do whatever you have to do to hit the error. Don't forget to
document the steps you take.
4. When you hit the error, a `*Backtrace*' buffer will appear on the
screen. Save this buffer to a file (for example using `C-x C-w')
and attach it to your bug report.

File: org, Node: Document structure, Next: Tables, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
2 Document Structure
********************
Org-mode is based on outline mode and provides flexible commands to
edit the structure of the document.
* Menu:
* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry

File: org, Node: Outlines, Next: Headlines, Prev: Document structure, Up: Document structure
2.1 Outlines
============
Org-mode is implemented on top of outline-mode. Outlines allow to
organize a document in a hierarchical structure, which (at least for
me) is the best representation of notes and thoughts. Overview over
this structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the
document to show only the general document structure and the parts
currently being worked on. Org-mode greatly simplifies the use of
outlines by compressing the entire show/hide functionality into a
single command `org-cycle', which is bound to the <TAB> key.

File: org, Node: Headlines, Next: Visibility cycling, Prev: Outlines, Up: Document structure
2.2 Headlines
=============
Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in
Org-mode start with one or more stars, on the left margin. For example:
* Top level headline
** Second level
*** 3rd level
some text
*** 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an outline
that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline starters.
*Note Clean view:: describes a setup to realize this.

File: org, Node: Visibility cycling, Next: Motion, Prev: Headlines, Up: Document structure
2.3 Visibility cycling
======================
Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
Org-mode uses just two commands, bound to <TAB> and `S-<TAB>' to change
the visibility in the buffer.
`<TAB>'
_Subtree cycling_: Rotate current subtree between the states
,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
'-----------------------------------'
The cursor must be on a headline for this to work(1). When the
cursor is at the beginning of the buffer and the first line is not
a headline, then <TAB> actually runs global cycling (see
below)(2). Also when called with a prefix argument (`C-u <TAB>'),
global cycling is invoked.
`S-<TAB>'
`C-u <TAB>'
_Global cycling_: Rotate the entire buffer between the states
,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
'--------------------------------------'
Note that inside tables, `S-<TAB>' jumps to the previous field.
`C-c C-a'
Show all.
`C-c C-r'
Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the
following heading and the hierarchy above. Useful for working
near a location exposed by a sparse tree command (*note Sparse
trees::) or an agenda command (*note Agenda commands::). With
prefix arg show, on each level, all sibling headings.
`C-c C-x b'
Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer(3). With numerical
prefix ARG, go up to this level and then take that tree. If ARG
is negative, go up that many levels. With `C-u' prefix, do not
remove the previously used indirect buffer.
When Emacs first visits an Org-mode file, the global state is set to
OVERVIEW, i.e. only the top level headlines are visible. This can be
configured through the variable `org-startup-folded', or on a per-file
basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the buffer:
#+STARTUP: overview
#+STARTUP: content
#+STARTUP: showall
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) see, however, the option `org-cycle-emulate-tab'.
(2) see the option `org-cycle-global-at-bob'.
(3) The indirect buffer (*note Indirect Buffers: (emacs)Indirect
Buffers.) will contain the entire buffer, but will be narrowed to the
current tree. Editing the indirect buffer will also change the
original buffer, but without affecting visibility in that buffer.

File: org, Node: Motion, Next: Structure editing, Prev: Visibility cycling, Up: Document structure
2.4 Motion
==========
The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer.
`C-c C-n'
Next heading.
`C-c C-p'
Previous heading.
`C-c C-f'
Next heading same level.
`C-c C-b'
Previous heading same level.
`C-c C-u'
Backward to higher level heading.
`C-c C-j'
Jump to a different place without changing the current outline
visibility. Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer,
where you can use visibility cycling (<TAB>) to find your
destination. After pressing <RET>, the cursor moves to the
selected location in the original buffer, and the headings
hierarchy above it is made visible.

File: org, Node: Structure editing, Next: Archiving, Prev: Motion, Up: Document structure
2.5 Structure editing
=====================
`M-<RET>'
Insert new heading with same level as current. If the cursor is
in a plain list item, a new item is created (*note Plain lists::).
To force creation of a new headline, use a prefix arg, or first
press <RET> to get to the beginning of the next line. When this
command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split and the
rest of the line becomes the new headline. If the command is used
at the beginning of a headline, the new headline is created before
the current line. If at the beginning of any other line, the
content of that line is made the new heading. If the command is
used at the end of a folded subtree (i.e. behind the ellipses at
the end of a headline), then a headline like the current one will
be inserted after the end of the subtree.
`M-S-<RET>'
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
`M-<left>'
Promote current heading by one level.
`M-<right>'
Demote current heading by one level.
`M-S-<left>'
Promote the current subtree by one level.
`M-S-<right>'
Demote the current subtree by one level.
`M-S-<up>'
Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same level).
`M-S-<down>'
Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level).
`C-c C-x C-w'
`C-c C-x C-k'
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
`C-c C-x M-w'
Copy subtree to kill ring.
`C-c C-x C-y'
Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the
subtree to make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position.
The yank level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by
yanking after a headline marker like `****'.
`C-c ^'
Sort same-level entries. When there is an active region, all
entries in the region will be sorted. Otherwise the children of
the current headline are sorted. The command prompts for the
sorting method, which can be alphabetically, numerically, by time
(using the first time stamp in each entry), and each of these in
reverse order. With a `C-u' prefix, sorting will be
case-sensitive. With two `C-u C-u' prefixes, duplicate entries
will also be removed.
When there is an active region (transient-mark-mode), promotion and
demotion work on all headlines in the region. To select a region of
headlines, it is best to place both point and mark at the beginning of a
line, mark at the beginning of the first headline, and point at the line
just after the last headline to change. Note that when the cursor is
inside a table (*note Tables::), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
functionality.

File: org, Node: Archiving, Next: Sparse trees, Prev: Structure editing, Up: Document structure
2.6 Archiving
=============
When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to
move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the
agenda. Org-mode knows two ways of archiving. You can mark a tree with
the ARCHIVE tag, or you can move an entire (sub)tree to a different
location.
* Menu:
* ARCHIVE tag:: Marking a tree as inactive
* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file

File: org, Node: ARCHIVE tag, Next: Moving subtrees, Prev: Archiving, Up: Archiving
2.6.1 The ARCHIVE tag
---------------------
A headline that is marked with the ARCHIVE tag (*note Tags::) stays at
its location in the outline tree, but behaves in the following way:
- It does not open when you attempt to do so with a visibility
cycling command (*note Visibility cycling::). You can force
cycling archived subtrees with `C-<TAB>', or by setting the option
`org-cycle-open-archived-trees'. Also normal outline commands like
`show-all' will open archived subtrees.
- During sparse tree construction (*note Sparse trees::), matches in
archived subtrees are not exposed, unless you configure the option
`org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees'.
- During agenda view construction (*note Agenda views::), the
content of archived trees is ignored unless you configure the
option `org-agenda-skip-archived-trees'.
- Archived trees are not exported (*note Exporting::), only the
headline is. Configure the details using the variable
`org-export-with-archived-trees'.
The following commands help managing the ARCHIVE tag:
`C-c C-x C-a'
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline. When the tag is
set, the headline changes to a shadowish face, and the subtree
below it is hidden.
`C-u C-c C-x C-a'
Check if any direct children of the current headline should be
archived. To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO
entries. If none are found, the command offers to set the ARCHIVE
tag for the child. If the cursor is _not_ on a headline when this
command is invoked, the level 1 trees will be checked.
`C-TAB'
Cycle a tree even if it is tagged with ARCHIVE.

File: org, Node: Moving subtrees, Prev: ARCHIVE tag, Up: Archiving
2.6.2 Moving subtrees
---------------------
Once an entire project is finished, you may want to move it to a
different location, either in the current file, or even in a different
file, the archive file.
`C-c C-x C-s'
Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location
given by `org-archive-location'.
`C-u C-c C-x C-s'
Check if any direct children of the current headline could be
moved to the archive. To do this, each subtree is checked for
open TODO entries. If none are found, the command offers to move
it to the archive location. If the cursor is _not_ on a headline
when this command is invoked, the level 1 trees will be checked.
The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the
current file, with the name derived by appending `_archive' to the
current file name. For information and examples on how to change this,
see the documentation string of the variable `org-archive-location'.
There is also an in-buffer option for setting this variable, for example
#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
You may have several such lines in the buffer, they will then be valid
for the entries following the line (the first will also apply to any
text before it).

File: org, Node: Sparse trees, Next: Plain lists, Prev: Archiving, Up: Document structure
2.7 Sparse trees
================
An important feature of Org-mode is the ability to construct _sparse
trees_ for selected information in an outline tree. A sparse tree
means that the entire document is folded as much as possible, but the
selected information is made visible along with the headline structure
above it(1). Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works.
Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees. The most
basic one is `org-occur':
`C-c /'
Occur. Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all
matches. If the match is in a headline, the headline is made
visible. If the match is in the body of an entry, headline and
body are made visible. In order to provide minimal context, also
the full hierarchy of headlines above the match is shown, as well
as the headline following the match. Each match is also
highlighted; the highlights disappear when the bufer is changes an
editing command, or by pressing `C-c C-c'. When called with a
`C-u' prefix argument, previous highlights are kept, so several
calls to this command can be stacked.
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
use the variable `org-agenda-custom-commands' to define fast keyboard
access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (*note Agenda dispatcher::).
For example:
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("f" occur-tree "FIXME")))
will define the key `C-c a f' as a shortcut for creating a sparse tree
matching the string `FIXME'.
Other commands use sparse trees as well. For example `C-c C-v'
creates a sparse TODO tree (*note TODO basics::).
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command
`ps-print-buffer-with-faces' which does not print invisible parts of
the document (2). Or you can use the command `C-c C-e v' to export
only the visible part of the document and print the resulting file.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) See also the variables `org-show-hierarchy-above',
`org-show-following-heading', and `org-show-siblings' for detailed
control on how much context is shown around each match.
(2) This does not work under XEmacs, because XEmacs uses selective
display for outlining, not text properties.

File: org, Node: Plain lists, Prev: Sparse trees, Up: Document structure
2.8 Plain lists
===============
Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide
additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of
checkboxes (*note Checkboxes::). Org-mode supports editing such lists,
and the HTML exporter (*note Exporting::) does parse and format them.
Org-mode knows ordered and unordered lists. Unordered list items
start with `-', `+', or `*'(1) as bullets. Ordered list items start
with `1.' or `1)'. Items belonging to the same list must have the same
indentation on the first line. In particular, if an ordered list
reaches number `10.', then the 2-digit numbers must be written
left-aligned with the other numbers in the list. Indentation also
determines the end of a list item. It ends before the next line that
is indented like the bullet/number, or less. For example:
** Lord of the Rings
My favorite scenes are (in this order)
1. The attack of the Rohirrim
2. Eowyns fight with the witch king
+ this was already my favorite scene in the book
+ I really like Miranda Otto.
3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
- on DVD only
He makes a really funny face when it happens.
But in the end, not individual scenes matter but the film as a whole.
Org-mode supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping
commands to deal with them correctly(2).
The following commands act on items when the cursor is in the first
line of an item (the line with the bullet or number).
`<TAB>'
Items can be folded just like headline levels if you set the
variable `org-cycle-include-plain-lists'. The level of an item is
then given by the indentation of the bullet/number. Items are
always subordinate to real headlines, however; the hierarchies
remain completely separated.
`M-<RET>'
Insert new item at current level. With prefix arg, force a new
heading (*note Structure editing::). If this command is used in
the middle of a line, the line is _split_ and the rest of the line
becomes the new item. If this command is executed in the
_whitespace before a bullet or number_, the new item is created
_before_ the current item. If the command is executed in the
white space before the text that is part of an item but does not
contain the bullet, a bullet is added to the current line.
`M-S-<RET>'
Insert a new item with a checkbox (*note Checkboxes::).
`S-<up>'
`S-<down>'
Jump to the previous/next item in the current list.
`M-S-<up>'
`M-S-<down>'
Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with previous/next
item of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering is
automatic.
`M-S-<left>'
`M-S-<right>'
Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems.
Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation.
When these commands are executed several times in direct
succession, the initially selected region is used, even if the new
indentation would imply a different hierarchy. To use the new
hierarchy, break the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
`C-c C-c'
If there is a checkbox (*note Checkboxes::) in the item line,
toggle the state of the checkbox. Otherwise, if this is an
ordered list, renumber the ordered list at the cursor.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) When using `*' as a bullet, lines must be indented or they will
be seen as top-level headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading
stars to get a clean outline view, plain list items starting with a
star are visually indistinguishable from true headlines. In short:
even though `*' is supported, it may be better not to use it for plain
list items
(2) Org-mode only changes the filling settings for Emacs. For
XEmacs, you should use Kyle E. Jones' `filladapt.el'. To turn this on,
put into `.emacs':
(require 'filladapt)

File: org, Node: Tables, Next: Hyperlinks, Prev: Document structure, Up: Top
3 Tables
********
Org-mode has a very fast and intuitive table editor built-in.
Spreadsheet-like calculations are supported in connection with the
Emacs `calc' package.
* Menu:
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities.

File: org, Node: Built-in table editor, Next: Narrow columns, Prev: Tables, Up: Tables
3.1 The built-in table editor
=============================
Org-mode makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with
`|' as the first non-white character is considered part of a table.
`|' is also the column separator. A table might look like this:
| Name | Phone | Age |
|-------+-------+-----|
| Peter | 1234 | 17 |
| Anna | 4321 | 25 |
A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press <TAB> or
<RET> or `C-c C-c' inside the table. <TAB> also moves to the next
field (<RET> to the next row) and creates new table rows at the end of
the table or before horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is
set by the first line. Any line starting with `|-' is considered as a
horizontal separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to
span the whole table width. So, to create the above table, you would
only type
|Name|Phone|Age|
|-
and then press <TAB> to align the table and start filling in fields.
When typing text into a field, Org-mode treats <DEL>, <Backspace>,
and all character keys in a special way, so that inserting and deleting
avoids shifting other fields. Also, when typing _immediately after the
cursor was moved into a new field with `<TAB>', `S-<TAB>' or `<RET>'_,
the field is automatically made blank. If this behavior is too
unpredictable for you, configure the variables
`org-enable-table-editor' and `org-table-auto-blank-field'.
Creation and conversion
.......................
`C-c |'
Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at
least one TAB character, the function assumes that the material is
tab separated. If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields.
You can use a prefix argument to indicate the minimum number of
consecutive spaces required to identify a field separator
(default: just one).
If there is no active region, this command creates an empty
Org-mode table. But it's easier just to start typing, like
`|Name|Phone|Age <RET> |- <TAB>'.
Re-aligning and field motion
............................
`C-c C-c'
Re-align the table without moving the cursor.
`<TAB>'
Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if
necessary.
`S-<TAB>'
Re-align, move to previous field.
`<RET>'
Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if
necessary. At the beginning or end of a line, <RET> still does
NEWLINE, so it can be used to split a table.
Column and row editing
......................
`M-<left>'
`M-<right>'
Move the current column left/right.
`M-S-<left>'
Kill the current column.
`M-S-<right>'
Insert a new column to the left of the cursor position.
`M-<up>'
`M-<down>'
Move the current row up/down.
`M-S-<up>'
Kill the current row or horizontal line.
`M-S-<down>'
Insert a new row above (with arg: below) the current row.
`C-c -'
Insert a horizontal line below current row. With prefix arg, the
line is created above the current line.
`C-c ^'
Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point
indicates the column to be used for sorting, and the range of
lines is the range between the nearest horizontal separator lines,
or the entire table. If point is before the first column, you
will be prompted for the sorting column. If there is an active
region, the mark specifies the first line and the sorting column,
while point should be in the last line to be included into the
sorting. The command prompts for the sorting type
(alphabetically, numerically, or by time). When called with a
prefix argument, alphabetic sorting will be case-sensitive.
Regions
.......
`C-c C-x M-w'
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard.
Point and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. The
process ignores horizontal separator lines.
`C-c C-x C-w'
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the "cut" operation.
`C-c C-x C-y'
Paste a rectangular region into a table. The upper right corner
ends up in the current field. All involved fields will be
overwritten. If the rectangle does not fit into the present table,
the table is enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal
separator lines.
`C-c C-q'
Wrap several fields in a column like a paragraph. If there is an
active region, and both point and mark are in the same column, the
text in the column is wrapped to minimum width for the given
number of lines. A prefix ARG may be used to change the number of
desired lines. If there is no region, the current field is split
at the cursor position and the text fragment to the right of the
cursor is prepended to the field one line down. If there is no
region, but you specify a prefix ARG, the current field is made
blank, and the content is appended to the field above.
Calculations
............
`C-c +'
Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined
by the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can
be inserted with `C-y'.
`S-<RET>'
When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above.
When not empty, copy current field down to next row and move cursor
along with it. Depending on the variable
`org-table-copy-increment', integer field values will be
incremented during copy. This key is also used by CUA-mode (*note
Cooperation::).
Miscellaneous
.............
`C-c `'
Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for
fields that are not fully visible (*note Narrow columns::). When
called with a `C-u' prefix, just make the full field visible, so
that it can be edited in place.
`C-c <TAB>'
This is an alias for `C-u C-c `' to make the current field fully
visible.
`M-x org-table-import'
Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB- or whitespace
separated. Useful, for example, to import an Excel table or data
from a database, because these programs generally can write
TAB-separated text files. This command works by inserting the
file into the buffer and then converting the region to a table.
Any prefix argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it
to determine the separator.
`M-x org-table-export'
Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data
exchange with, for example, Excel or database programs.
If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
way on lines which you would like to start with `|', you can turn it
off with
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
Then the only table command that still works is `C-c C-c' to do a
manual re-align.

File: org, Node: Narrow columns, Next: orgtbl-mode, Prev: Built-in table editor, Up: Tables
3.2 Narrow columns
==================
The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor.
Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text,
leading to inconveniently wide columns. To limit(1) the width of a
column, one field anywhere in the column may contain just the string
`<N>' where `N' is an integer specifying the width of the column in
characters. The next re-align will then set the width of this column
to no more than this value.
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
| | | | | <6> |
| 1 | one | | 1 | one |
| 2 | two | ----\ | 2 | two |
| 3 | This is a long chunk of text | ----/ | 3 | This=> |
| 4 | four | | 4 | four |
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
Fields that are wider become clipped and end in the string `=>'. Note
that the full text is still in the buffer, it is only invisible. To
see the full text, hold the mouse over the field - a tooltip window
will show the full content. To edit such a field, use the command `C-c
`' (that is `C-c' followed by the backquote). This will open a new
window with the full field. Edit it and finish with `C-c C-c'.
When visiting a file containing a table with narrowed columns, the
necessary character hiding has not yet happened, and the table needs to
be aligned before it looks nice. Setting the option
`org-startup-align-all-tables' will realign all tables in a file upon
visiting, but also slow down startup. You can also set this option on
a per-file basis with:
#+STARTUP: align
#+STARTUP: noalign
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) This feature does not work on XEmacs.

File: org, Node: orgtbl-mode, Next: The spreadsheet, Prev: Narrow columns, Up: Tables
3.3 The Orgtbl minor mode
=========================
If you like the intuitive way the Org-mode table editor works, you
might also want to use it in other modes like text-mode or mail-mode.
The minor mode Orgtbl-mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
the mode with `M-x orgtbl-mode'. To turn it on by default, for example
in mail mode, use
(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)

File: org, Node: The spreadsheet, Prev: orgtbl-mode, Up: Tables
3.4 The spreadsheet
===================
The table editor makes use of the Emacs `calc' package to implement
spreadsheet-like capabilities. It can also evaluate Emacs Lisp forms to
derive fields from other fields.
* Menu:
* References:: How to refer to another field or range
* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
* Field formulas:: Formulas valid for a single field
* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
* Editing and debuggung formulas:: Fixing formulas
* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc

File: org, Node: References, Next: Formula syntax for Calc, Prev: The spreadsheet, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.1 References
----------------
To compute fields in the table from other fields, formulas must
reference other fields or ranges. In Org-mode, fields can be referenced
by name, by absolute coordinates, and by relative coordinates. To find
out what the coordinates of a field are, press `C-c ?' in that field.
Field references
................
Formulas can reference the value of another field with the operator
@row$column
Column references can be absolute like `1', `2',...`N', or relative
to the current column like `+1' or `-2'.
The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal
separator lines (hlines). You can use absolute row numbers `1'...`N',
and row numbers relative to the current row like `+3' or `-1'. Or
specify the row relative to one of the hlines: `I' refers to the first
hline, `II' to the second etc. `-I' refers to the first such line
above the current line, `+I' to the first such line below the current
line. You can also write `III+2' which is the second data line after
the third hline in the table. Relative row numbers like `-3' will not
cross hlines if the current line is too close to the hline. Instead,
the value directly at the hline is used.
`0' refers to the current row and column. Also, if you omit either
the column or the row part of the reference, the current row/column is
implied. Here are a few examples:
@2$3 2nd row, 3rd column
$5 column 5 in the current row
@2 current column, row 2
@-1$-3 the field one row up, three columns to the left
@-I$2 field just under hline above current row, column 2
Range references
................
You may reference a rectangular range of fields by specifying two field
references connected by two dots `..'. If both fields are in the
current row, you may simply use `$2..$7', but if at least one field is
in a different row, you need to use the general `@row$column' format at
least for the first field (i.e the reference must start with `@' in
order to be interpreted correctly). Examples:
$1..$3 First three fields in the current row.
$P..$Q Range, using column names (see under Advanced)
@2$1..@4$3 6 fields between these two fields.
@-1$-2..@-1 3 numbers from the column to the left, 2 up to current row
Range references return a vector of values that can be fed into Calc
vector functions. Empty fields in ranges are normally suppressed, so
that the vector contains only the non-empty fields (but see the `E'
mode switch below). If there are no non-empty fields, `[0]' is
returned to avoid syntax errors in formulas.
Named references
................
`$name' is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or constant.
Constants are defined globally through the variable
`org-table-formula-constants'. If you have the `constants.el' package,
it will also be used to resolve constants, including natural constants
like `$h' for Planck's constant, and units like `$km' for kilometers.
Column names and parameters can be specified in special table lines.
These are described below, see *Note Advanced features::.

File: org, Node: Formula syntax for Calc, Next: Formula syntax for Lisp, Prev: References, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.2 Formula syntax for Calc
-----------------------------
A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs
`Calc' package. Note that `calc' has the slightly non-standard
convention that `/' has lower precedence than `*', so that `a/b*c' is
interpreted as `a/(b*c)'. Before evaluation by `calc-eval' (*note
calc-eval: (calc)Calling Calc from Your Programs.), variable
substitution takes place according to the rules described above. The
range vectors can be directly fed into the calc vector functions like
`vmean' and `vsum'.
A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon.
This string consists of flags to influence Calc and other modes during
execution. By default, Org-mode uses the standard calc modes (precision
12, angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off. The display
format, however, has been changed to `(float 5)' to keep tables
compact. The default settings can be configured using the variable
`org-calc-default-modes'.
p20 switch the internal precision to 20 digits
n3 s3 e2 f4 normal, scientific, engineering, or fixed display format
D R angle modes: degrees, radians
F S fraction and symbolic modes
N interpret all fields as numbers, use 0 for non-numbers
T force text interpretation
E keep empty fields in ranges
In addition, you may provide a `printf' format specifier to reformat
the final result. A few examples:
$1+$2 Sum of first and second field
$1+$2;%.2f Same, format result to two decimals
exp($2)+exp($1) Math functions can be used
$;%.1f Reformat current cell to 1 decimal
($3-32)*5/9 Degrees F -> C conversion
$c/$1/$cm Hz -> cm conversion, using `constants.el'
tan($1);Dp3s1 Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1
sin($1);Dp3%.1e Same, but use printf specifier for display
vmean($2..$7) Compute column range mean, using vector function
vmean($2..$7);EN Same, but treat empty fields as 0
taylor($3,x=7,2) taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree

File: org, Node: Formula syntax for Lisp, Next: Field formulas, Prev: Formula syntax for Calc, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.3 Emacs Lisp forms as formulas
----------------------------------
It is also possible to write a formula in Emacs Lisp; this can be useful
for string manipulation and control structures. If a formula starts
with a single quote followed by an opening parenthesis, then it is
evaluated as a lisp form. The evaluation should return either a string
or a number. Just as with `calc' formulas, you can specify modes and a
printf format after a semicolon. A reference will be replaced with a
string (in double quotes) containing the field. If you provide the `N'
mode switch, all referenced elements will be numbers. Ranges are
inserted as space-separated fields, so you can embed them in list or
vector syntax. A few examples, note how the `N' mode is used when we
do computations in lisp.
Swap the first two characters of the content of column 1
'(concat (substring $1 1 2) (substring $1 0 1) (substring $1 2))
Add columns 1 and 2, equivalent to the Calc's `$1+$2'
'(+ $1 $2);N
Compute the sum of columns 1-4, like Calc's `vsum($1..$4)'
'(apply '+ '($1..$4));N

File: org, Node: Field formulas, Next: Column formulas, Prev: Formula syntax for Lisp, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.4 Field formulas
--------------------
To assign a formula to a particular field, type it directly into the
field, preceded by `=:', for example `=:$1+$2'. When you press <TAB>
or <RET> or `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the field, the formula
will be stored as the formula for this field, evaluated, and the
current field replaced with the result.
Formulas are stored in a special line starting with `#+TBLFM:'
directly below the table. If you typed the equation in the 4th field of
the 3rd data line in the table, the formula will look like
`@3$2=$1+$2'. When inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows with
the appropriate commands, absolute references (but not relative ones)
in stored formulas are modified in order to still reference the same
field. Of cause this is not true if you edit the table structure with
normal editing commands - then you must go and fix equations yourself.
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
following command
`C-u C-c ='
Install a new formula for the current field. The command prompts
for a formula, with default taken from the `#+TBLFM:' line, applies
it to the current field and stores it.

File: org, Node: Column formulas, Next: Editing and debuggung formulas, Prev: Field formulas, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.5 Column formulas
---------------------
Often in a table, the same formula should be used for all fields in a
particular column. Instead of having to copy the formula to all fields
in that column, org-mode allows to assign a single formula to an entire
column.
To assign a formula to a column, type it directly into any field in
the column, preceded by an equal sign, like `=$1+$2'. When you press
<TAB> or <RET> or `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the field, the
formula will be stored as the formula for the current column, evaluated
and the current field replaced with the result. If the field contains
only `=', the previously stored formula for this column is used. For
each column, Org-mode will only remember the most recently used
formula. In the `TBLFM:' line, column formulas will look like
`$4=$1+$2'.
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
following command:
`C-c ='
Install a new formula for the current column and replace current
field with the result of the formula. The command prompts for a
formula, with default taken from the `#+TBLFM' line, applies it to
the current field and stores it. With a numerical prefix (e.g.
`C-5 C-c =') will apply it to that many consecutive fields in the
current column.

File: org, Node: Editing and debuggung formulas, Next: Updating the table, Prev: Column formulas, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.6 Editing and Debugging formulas
------------------------------------
You can edit individual formulas in the minibuffer or directly in the
field. Org-mode can also prepare a special buffer with all active
formulas of a table.
`C-c ='
`C-u C-c ='
Edit the formula associated with the current column/field in the
minibuffer. See *Note Column formulas:: and *Note Field
formulas::.
`C-u C-u C-c ='
Re-insert the active formula (either a field formula, or a column
formula) into the current field, so that you can edit it directly
in the field. The advantage over editing in the minibuffer is
that you can use the command `C-c ?'.
`C-c ?'
While editing a formula in a table field, highlight the field(s)
referenced by the reference at the cursor position in the formula.
`C-c ''
Edit all formulas for the current table in a special buffer, where
the formulas will be displayed one per line. While inside the
special buffer, Org-mode will automatically highlight any field or
range reference at the cursor position. You may edit, remove and
add formulas, and use the following commands:
`C-c C-c'
Exit the buffer and store the modified formulas. With `C-u'
prefix, also apply the new formulas to the entire table.
`C-c C-q'
Exit the buffer without installing changes.
`S-<up>/<down>'
Move the reference line in the Org-mode buffer up and down.
This is important for highlighting the references of column
formulas for different rows.
`M-<up>/<down>'
Scroll the window displaying the table.
Making a table field blank does not remove the formula associated
with the field, because that is stored in a different line (the `TBLFM'
line) - during the next recalculation the field will be filled again.
To remove a formula from a field, you have to give an empty reply when
prompted for the formula, or to edit the `#+TBLFM' line.
You may edit the `#+TBLFM' directly and re-apply the changed
equations with `C-c C-c' in that line, or with the normal recalculation
commands in the table.
Debugging formulas
..................
When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
becomes the string `#ERROR'. If you would like see what is going on
during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a bug,
turn on formula debugging in the `Tbl' menu and repeat the calculation,
for example by pressing `C-c = <RET>' in a field. Detailed information
will be displayed.

File: org, Node: Updating the table, Next: Advanced features, Prev: Editing and debuggung formulas, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.7 Updating the Table
------------------------
Recalculation of a table is normally not automatic, but needs to be
triggered by a command. See *Note Advanced features:: for a way to make
recalculation at least semi-automatically.
In order to recalculate a line of a table or the entire table, use
the following commands:
`C-c *'
Recalculate the current row by first applying the stored column
formulas from left to right, and all field formulas in the current
row.
`C-u C-c *'
`C-u C-c C-c'
Recompute the entire table, line by line. Any lines before the
first hline are left alone, assuming that these are part of the
table header.
`C-u C-u C-c *'
Iterate the table by recomputing it until no further changes occur.
This may be necessary if some computed fields use the value of
other fields that are computed later in the calculation sequence.

File: org, Node: Advanced features, Prev: Updating the table, Up: The spreadsheet
3.4.8 Advanced features
-----------------------
If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if
you want to be able to assign names to fields and columns, you need to
reserve the first column of the table for special marking characters.
`C-#'
Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states `',
`#', `*', `!', `$'. The meaning of these characters is discussed
below. When there is an active region, change all marks in the
region.
Here is an example of a table that collects exam results of students
and makes use of these features:
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | |
| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 |
| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 |
| # | Sara | 6 | 14 | 19 | 39 | 7.8 |
| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| | Average | | | | 29.7 | |
| ^ | | | | | at | |
| $ | max=50 | | | | | |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(@-II..@-I);%.1f
Important: Please note that for these special tables, recalculating the
table with `C-u C-c *' will only affect rows that are marked `#' or
`*', and fields that have a formula assigned to the field itself. The
column formulas are not applied in rows with empty first field.
The marking characters have the following meaning:
`!'
The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you
may refer to a column as `$Tot' instead of `$6'.
`^'
This row defines names for the fields _above_ the row. With such
a definition, any formula in the table may use `$m1' to refer to
the value `10'. Also, if you assign a formula to a names field, it
will be stored as `$name=...'.
`_'
Similar to `^', but defines names for the fields in the row
_below_.
`$'
Fields in this row can define _parameters_ for formulas. For
example, if a field in a `$' row contains `max=50', then formulas
in this table can refer to the value 50 using `$max'. Parameters
work exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on a
per-table basis.
`#'
Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing
<TAB> or <RET> or `S-<TAB>' in this row. Also, this row is
selected for a global recalculation with `C-u C-c *'. Unmarked
lines will be left alone by this command.
`*'
Selects this line for global recalculation with `C-u C-c *', but
not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic
recalculation slows down editing too much.
`'
Unmarked lines are exempt from recalculation with `C-u C-c *'.
All lines that should be recalculated should be marked with `#' or
`*'.
Finally, just to whet your appetite on what can be done with the
fantastic `calc' package, here is a table that computes the Taylor
series of degree `n' at location `x' for a couple of functions
(homework: try that with Excel :-)
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
| | Func | n | x | Result |
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x |
| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 |
| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 |
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 |
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 |
| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 |
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3

File: org, Node: Hyperlinks, Next: TODO items, Prev: Tables, Up: Top
4 Hyperlinks
************
Just like HTML, Org-mode provides links inside a file, and external
links to other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more.
* Menu:
* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
* External links:: URL-like links to the world
* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes

File: org, Node: Link format, Next: Internal links, Prev: Hyperlinks, Up: Hyperlinks
4.1 Link format
===============
Org-mode will recognize plain URL-like links and activate them as
clickable links. The general link format, however, looks like this:
[[link][description]] or alternatively [[link]]
Once a link in the buffer is complete (all brackets present),
Org-mode will change the display so that `description' is displayed
instead of `[[link][description]]' and `link' is displayed instead of
`[[link]]'. Links will be highlighted in the face `org-link', which by
default is an underlined face. You can directly edit the visible part
of a link. Note that this can be either the `link' part (if there is
no description) or the `description' part. To edit also the invisible
`link' part, use `C-c C-l' with the cursor on the link.
If you place the cursor at the beginning or just behind the end of
the displayed text and press <BACKSPACE>, you will remove the
(invisible) bracket at that location. This makes the link incomplete
and the internals are again displayed as plain text. Inserting the
missing bracket hides the link internals again. To show the internal
structure of all links, use the menu entry `Org->Hyperlinks->Literal
links'.

File: org, Node: Internal links, Next: External links, Prev: Link format, Up: Hyperlinks
4.2 Internal links
==================
If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal in
the current file. Links such as `[[My Target]]' or `[[My Target][Find
my target]]' lead to a text search in the current file. The link can
be followed with `C-c C-o' when the cursor is on the link, or with a
mouse click (*note Handling links::). The preferred match for such a
link is a dedicated target: the same string in double angular brackets.
Targets may be located anywhere; often it is convenient to put them
into a comment line. For example
# <<My Target>>
In HTML export (*note HTML export::), such targets will become named
anchors for direct access through `http' links(1).
If no dedicated target exists, Org-mode will search for the words in
the link. In the above example the search would be for `my target'.
Links starting with a star like `*My Target' restrict the search to
headlines. When searching, Org-mode will first try an exact match, but
then move on to more and more lenient searches. For example, the link
`[[*My Targets]]' will find any of the following:
** My targets
** TODO my targets are bright
** my 20 targets are
To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be
used. Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into the
buffer and press `M-<TAB>'. All headlines in the current buffer will be
offered as completions. *Note Handling links::, for more commands
creating links.
Following a link pushes a mark onto Org-mode's own mark ring. You
can return to the previous position with `C-c &'. Using this command
several times in direct succession goes back to positions recorded
earlier.
* Menu:
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Note that text before the first headline will never be exported,
so the first such target must be after the first headline.

File: org, Node: Radio targets, Next: CamelCase links, Prev: Internal links, Up: Internal links
4.2.1 Radio targets
-------------------
You can configure Org-mode to link any occurrences of certain target
names in normal text. So without explicitly creating a link, the text
connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are
enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target `<<<My
Target>>>' causes each occurrence of `my target' in normal text to
become activated as a link. The Org-mode file is scanned automatically
for radio targets only when the file is first loaded into Emacs. To
update the target list during editing, press `C-c C-c' with the cursor
on or at a target.

File: org, Node: CamelCase links, Prev: Radio targets, Up: Internal links
4.2.2 CamelCase words as links
------------------------------
Org-mode also supports CamelCase words as links. This feature is not
turned on by default because of the inconsistencies this system suffers
from. It is also possible that this feature will disappear entirely in
a future version of Org-mode. To activate CamelCase words as links, you
need to customize the option `org-activate-links'. A CamelCase word
then leads to a text search such that `CamelCaseLink' is equivalent to
`[[camel case link]]'.

File: org, Node: External links, Next: Handling links, Prev: Internal links, Up: Hyperlinks
4.3 External links
==================
Org-mode supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages,
and BBDB database entries. External links are URL-like locators. They
start with a short identifying string followed by a colon. There can be
no space after the colon. The following list shows examples for each
link type.
http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik on the web
file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg file, absolute path
file:papers/last.pdf file, relative path
news:comp.emacs Usenet link
mailto:adent@galaxy.net Mail link
vm:folder VM folder link
vm:folder#id VM message link
vm://myself@some.where.org/folder#id VM on remote machine
wl:folder WANDERLUST folder link
wl:folder#id WANDERLUST message link
mhe:folder MH-E folder link
mhe:folder#id MH-E message link
rmail:folder RMAIL folder link
rmail:folder#id RMAIL message link
gnus:group GNUS group link
gnus:group#id GNUS article link
bbdb:Richard Stallman BBDB link
shell:ls *.org A shell command
elisp:(find-file-other-frame "Elisp.org") An elisp form to evaluate
A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain a
descriptive text to be displayed instead of the url (*note Link
format::), for example:
[[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]]
If the description is a file name or URL that points to an image, HTML
export (*note HTML export::) will inline the image as a clickable
button. If there is no description at all and the link points to an
image, that image will be inlined into the exported HTML file.
Org-mode also finds external links in the normal text and activates
them as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in
`bbdb:Richard Stallman'), or if you need to remove ambiguities about
the end of the link, enclose them in angular brackets.

File: org, Node: Handling links, Next: Link abbreviations, Prev: External links, Up: Hyperlinks
4.4 Handling links
==================
Org-mode provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to
insert it into an org-mode file, and to follow the link.
`C-c l'
Store a link to the current location. This is a _global_ command
which can be used in any buffer to create a link. The link will be
stored for later insertion into an Org-mode buffer (see below).
For Org-mode files, if there is a `<<target>>' at the cursor, the
link points to the target. Otherwise it points to the current
headline. For VM, RMAIL, WANDERLUST, MH-E, GNUS and BBDB buffers,
the link will indicate the current article/entry. For W3 and W3M
buffers, the link goes to the current URL. For any other files,
the link will point to the file, with a search string (*note
Search options::) pointing to the contents of the current line.
If there is an active region, the selected words will form the
basis of the search string. If the automatically created link is
not working correctly or accurately enough, you can write custom
functions to select the search string and to do the search for
particular file types - see *Note Custom searches::. The key
binding `C-c l' is only a suggestion - see *Note Installation::.
`C-c C-l'
Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the
buffer. You can just type a link, using text for an internal
link, or one of the link type prefixes mentioned in the examples
above. Through completion, all links stored during the current
session can be accessed(1). The link will be inserted into the
buffer, along with a descriptive text. If some text was selecten
when this command is called, the selected text becomes the default
description.
Note that you don't have to use this command to insert a link.
Links in Org-mode are plain text, and you can type or paste them
straight into the buffer. By using this command, the links are
automatically enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked
for the optional descriptive text. If the link is a `file:' link
and the linked file is located in the same directory as the
current file or a subdirectory of it, the path of the file will be
inserted relative to the current directory.
`C-u C-c C-l'
When `C-c C-l' is called with a `C-u' prefix argument, a link to a
file will be inserted and you may use file name completion to
select the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted
relative to the directory of the current org file, if the linked
file is in the current directory or in a subdirectory of it, or if
the path is written relative to the current directory using `../'.
Otherwise an absolute path is used, if possible with `~/' for
your home directory. You can force an absolute path with two
`C-u' prefixes.
`C-c C-l with cursor on existing link'
When the cursor is on an existing link, `C-c C-l' allows you to
edit the link and description parts of the link.
`C-c C-o'
Open link at point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
`browse-url-at-point'), run vm/mh-e/wanderlust/rmail/gnus/bbdb for
the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link.
When the cursor is on an internal link, this commands runs the
corresponding search. When the cursor is on a TAG list in a
headline, it creates the corresponding TAGS view. If the cursor
is on a time stamp, it compiles the agenda for that date.
Furthermore, it will visit text and remote files in `file:' links
with Emacs and select a suitable application for local non-text
files. Classification of files is based on file extension only.
See option `org-file-apps'. If you want to override the default
application and visit the file with Emacs, use a `C-u' prefix.
`mouse-2'
`mouse-1'
On links, `mouse-2' will open the link just as `C-c C-o' would.
Under Emacs 22, also `mouse-1' will follow a link.
`mouse-3'
Like `mouse-2', but force file links to be opened with Emacs, and
internal links to be displayed in another window(2).
`C-c %'
Push the current position onto the mark ring, to be able to return
easily. Commands following an internal link do this automatically.
`C-c &'
Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the
commands following internal links, and by `C-c %'. Using this
command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of
previously recorded positions.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) After insertion of a stored link, the link will be removed from
the list of stored links. To keep it in the list later use, use a
triple `C-u' prefix to `C-c C-l', or configure the option
`org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion'.
(2) See the variable `org-display-internal-link-with-indirect-buffer'

File: org, Node: Link abbreviations, Next: Search options, Prev: Handling links, Up: Hyperlinks
4.5 Link abbreviatons
=====================
Long URLs can be cumbersome to type, and often many similar links are
needed in a document. For this you can use link abbreviations. An
abbreviated link looks like this
[[linkword::tag][description]]
where the tag is optional. Such abbreviations are resolved according to
the information in the variable `org-link-abbrev-alist' that relates
the linkwords to replacement text. Here is an example:
(setq org-link-abbrev-alist
'(("bugzilla" . "http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=")
("google" . "http://www.google.com/search?q=")
("ads" . "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/
nph-abs_connect?author=%s&db_key=AST")))
If the replacement text contains the string `%s', it will be
replaced with the tag. Otherwise the tag will be appended to the string
in order to create the link. You may also specify a function that will
be called with the tag as the only argument to create the link.
With the above setting, you could link to a specific bug with
`[[bugzilla::129]]', search the web for OrgMode with
`[[google::OrgMode]]' and find out what the Org-mode author is doing
besides Emacs hacking with `[[ads::Dominik,C]]'.
If you need special abbreviations just for a single Org-mode buffer,
you can define them in the file with
#+LINK: bugzilla http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=
#+LINK: google http://www.google.com/search?q=%s
In-buffer completion *note Completion:: can be used after `[' to
complete link abbreviations.

File: org, Node: Search options, Next: Custom searches, Prev: Link abbreviations, Up: Hyperlinks
4.6 Search options in file links
================================
File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a
particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a
line number or a search option after a double(1) colon. For example,
when the command `C-c l' creates a link (*note Handling links::) to a
file, it encodes the words in the current line as a search string that
can be used to find this line back later when following the link with
`C-c C-o'.
Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file
link, together with an explanation:
[[file:~/code/main.c::255]]
[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]]
[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]]
[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]]
`255'
Jump to line 255.
`My Target'
Search for a link target `<<My Target>>', or do a text search for
`my target', similar to the search in internal links, see *Note
Internal links::. In HTML export (*note HTML export::), such a
file link will become an HTML reference to the corresponding named
anchor in the linked file.
`*My Target'
In an Org-mode file, restrict search to headlines.
`/regexp/'
Do a regular expression search for `regexp'. This uses the Emacs
command `occur' to list all matches in a separate window. If the
target file is in Org-mode, `org-occur' is used to create a sparse
tree with the matches.
As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
to search the current file. For example, `[[file:::find me]]' does a
search for `find me' in the current file, just as `[[find me]]' would.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) For backward compatibility, line numbers can also follow a
single colon.

File: org, Node: Custom searches, Next: Remember, Prev: Search options, Up: Hyperlinks
4.7 Custom Searches
===================
The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the
actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all
cases. For example, BibTeX database files have many entries like
`year="1993"' which would not result in good search strings, because
the only unique identification for a BibTeX entry is the citation key.
If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to
set the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the
search for the string in the file. Using `add-hook', these functions
need to be added to the hook variables
`org-create-file-search-functions' and
`org-execute-file-search-functions'. See the docstring for these
variables for more information. Org-mode actually uses this mechanism
for BibTeX database files, and you can use the corresponding code as an
implementation example. Search for `BibTeX links' in the source file.

File: org, Node: Remember, Prev: Custom searches, Up: Hyperlinks
4.8 Remember
============
Another way to create org entries with links to other files is through
the _Remember_ package by John Wiegley. _Remember_ lets you store
quick notes with little interruption of your work flow. See
`http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode' for more
information. The notes produced by _Remember_ can be stored in
different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target. Org-mode allows
you to file away notes either to a default file, or directly to the
correct location in your Org-mode outline tree. The following
customization will tell _Remember_ to use org files as target, and to
create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
(setq org-default-notes-file "~/.notes")
(setq remember-annotation-functions '(org-remember-annotation))
(setq remember-handler-functions '(org-remember-handler))
(add-hook 'remember-mode-hook 'org-remember-apply-template)
In combination with Org-mode, you can use templates to generate
different types of remember notes. For example, if you would like to
use one template to create general TODO entries, and another one for
journal entries, you could use:
(setq org-remember-templates
'((?t "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a" "~/org/TODO.org")
(?j "* %U %?\n\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")))
In these entries, the character specifies how to select the template,
the first string specifies the template, and the (optional) second
string specifies a default file (overruling `org-default-notes-file')
as a target for this note.
When you call `M-x remember' to remember something, org will prompt
for a key to select the template and then prepare the buffer like
* TODO
[[file:link to where you called remember]]
or
* [2006-03-21 Tue 15:37]
[[file:link to where you called remember]]
See the variable `org-remember-templates' for more details.
When you are finished composing a note with remember, you have to
press `C-c C-c' to file the note away. The handler first prompts for a
target file - if you press <RET>, the value of `org-default-notes-file'
is used. Then the command offers the headings tree of the selected
file. You can either immediately press <RET> to get the note appended
to the file. Or you can use vertical cursor motion (<up> and <down>)
and visibility cycling (<TAB>) to find a better place. Pressing <RET>
or <left> or <right> leads to the following result.
Cursor Key Note gets inserted
position
buffer-start <RET> as level 2 heading at end of file
on headline <RET> as sublevel of the heading at cursor
<left> as same level, before current heading
<right> as same level, after current heading
not on <RET> at cursor position, level taken from context.
headline Or use prefix arg to specify level
manually.
So a fast way to store the note is to press `C-c C-c <RET> <RET>' to
append it to the default file. Even shorter would be `C-u C-c C-c',
which does the same without even showing the tree. But with little
extra effort, you can push it directly to the correct location.
Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a `*'. If not,
a headline is constructed from the current date and some additional
data. If the variable `org-adapt-indentation' is non-nil, the entire
text is also indented so that it starts in the same column as the
headline (after the asterisks).

File: org, Node: TODO items, Next: Timestamps, Prev: Hyperlinks, Up: Top
5 TODO items
************
Org-mode does not maintain TODO lists as a separate document. TODO
items are an integral part of the notes file, because TODO items
usually come up while taking notes! With Org-mode, you simply mark any
entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, the information is
not duplicated, and the entire context from which the item emerged is
always present when you check.
Of course, this technique causes TODO items to be scattered
throughout your file. Org-mode provides methods to give you an
overview over all things you have to do.
* Menu:
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into managable pieces
* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists

File: org, Node: TODO basics, Next: TODO extensions, Prev: TODO items, Up: TODO items
5.1 Basic TODO functionality
============================
Any headline can become a TODO item by starting it with the word TODO,
for example:
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
The most important commands to work with TODO entries are:
`C-c C-t'
Rotate the TODO state of the current item between
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
'--------------------------------'
The same rotation can also be done "remotely" from the timeline and
agenda buffers with the `t' command key (*note Agenda commands::).
`S-<right>'
`S-<left>'
Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling.
Mostly useful if more than two TODO states are possible (*note
TODO extensions::).
`C-c C-v'
View TODO items in a _sparse tree_ (*note Sparse trees::). Folds
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings
hierarchy above them. With prefix arg, show also the DONE
entries. With numerical prefix N, show the tree for the Nth
keyword in the variable `org-todo-keywords'.
`C-c a t'
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
agenda files (*note Agenda views::) into a single buffer. The
buffer is in `agenda-mode', so there are commands to examine and
manipulate the TODO entries directly from that buffer (*note
Agenda commands::). *Note Global TODO list::, for more
information.

File: org, Node: TODO extensions, Next: Priorities, Prev: TODO basics, Up: TODO items
5.2 Extended use of TODO keywords
=================================
The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO and
DONE. You can, however, use the TODO feature for more complicated
things by configuring the variables `org-todo-keywords' and
`org-todo-interpretation'. Using special setup, you can even use TODO
keywords in different ways in different org files.
Note that tags are another way to classify headlines in general and
TODO items in particular (*note Tags::).
* Menu:
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types:: I do this, Fred the rest
* Per file keywords:: Different files, different requirements

File: org, Node: Workflow states, Next: TODO types, Prev: TODO extensions, Up: TODO extensions
5.2.1 TODO keywords as workflow states
--------------------------------------
You can use TODO keywords to indicate different states in the process
of working on an item, for example:
(setq org-todo-keywords '("TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "DONE")
org-todo-interpretation 'sequence)
Changing these variables only becomes effective in a new Emacs
session. With this setup, the command `C-c C-t' will cycle an entry
from TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE. You may
also use a prefix argument to quickly select a specific state. For
example `C-3 C-c C-t' will change the state immediately to VERIFY. If
you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see *Note
Completion::) to insert these words into the buffer. Changing a todo
state can be logged with a timestamp, see *Note Tracking TODO state
changes:: for more information.

File: org, Node: TODO types, Next: Per file keywords, Prev: Workflow states, Up: TODO extensions
5.2.2 TODO keywords as types
----------------------------
The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different
types of action items. For example, you might want to indicate that
items are for "work" or "home". If you are into David Allen's _Getting
Things DONE_, you might want to use todo types `NEXTACTION', `WAITING',
`MAYBE'. Or, when you work with several people on a single project,
you might want to assign action items directly to persons, by using
their names as TODO keywords. This would be set up like this:
(setq org-todo-keywords '("Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "Mike" "DONE")
org-todo-interpretation 'type)
In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but
rather different types. So it is normally not useful to change from
one type to another. Therefore, in this case the behavior of the
command `C-c C-t' is changed slightly(1). When used several times in
succession, it will still cycle through all names. But when you return
to the item after some time and execute `C-c C-t' again, it will switch
from each name directly to DONE. Use prefix arguments or completion to
quickly select a specific name. You can also review the items of a
specific TODO type in a sparse tree by using a numeric prefix to `C-c
C-v'. For example, to see all things Lucy has to do, you would use
`C-3 C-c C-v'. To collect Lucy's items from all agenda files into a
single buffer, you would use the prefix arg as well when creating the
global todo list: `C-3 C-c t'.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) This is also true for the `t' command in the timeline and agenda
buffers.

File: org, Node: Per file keywords, Prev: TODO types, Up: TODO extensions
5.2.3 Setting up TODO keywords for individual files
---------------------------------------------------
It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in
different files, which is not possible with the global settings
described above. For file-local settings, you need to add special
lines to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that
file only. For example, to set one of the two examples discussed
above, you need one of the following lines, starting in column zero
anywhere in the file:
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY DONE
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike DONE
To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type `#+' into the
buffer and then use `M-<TAB>' completion.
Remember that the last keyword must always mean that the item is DONE
(although you may use a different word). Also note that in each file,
only one of the two aspects of TODO keywords can be used. After
changing one of these lines, use `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the
line to make the changes known to Org-mode(1).
If you want to use very many keywords, for example when working with
a large group of people, you may split the names over several lines:
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike
#+TYP_TODO: Luis George Jules Jessica
#+TYP_TODO: Kim Arnold Peter
#+TYP_TODO: DONE
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Org-mode parses these lines only when Org-mode is activated
after visiting a file. `C-c C-c' with the cursor in a line starting
with `#+' is simply restarting Org-mode for the current buffer.

File: org, Node: Priorities, Next: Breaking down tasks, Prev: TODO extensions, Up: TODO items
5.3 Priorities
==============
If you use Org-mode extensively to organize your work, you may end up
with a number of TODO entries so large that you'd like to prioritize
them. This can be done by placing a _priority cookie_ into the
headline, like this
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
With its standard setup, Org-mode supports priorities `A', `B', and
`C'. `A' is the highest priority. An entry without a cookie is
treated as priority `B'. Priorities make a difference only in the
agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::).
`C-c ,'
Set the priority of the current headline. The command prompts for
a priority character `A', `B' or `C'. When you press <SPC>
instead, the priority cookie is removed from the headline. The
priorities can also be changed "remotely" from the timeline and
agenda buffer with the `,' command (*note Agenda commands::).
`S-<up>'
`S-<down>'
Increase/decrease priority of current headline. Note that these
keys are also used to modify time stamps (*note Creating
timestamps::). Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode
(*note Conflicts::).

File: org, Node: Breaking down tasks, Next: Checkboxes, Prev: Priorities, Up: TODO items
5.4 Breaking tasks down into subtasks
=====================================
It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, managable
subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree below a TODO
item, with detailed subtasks on the tree(1). Another possibility is
the use of checkboxes to identify (a hierarchy of) a large number of
subtasks (*note Checkboxes::).
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) To keep subtasks out of the global TODO list, see the
`org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels'.

File: org, Node: Checkboxes, Prev: Breaking down tasks, Up: TODO items
5.5 Checkboxes
==============
Every item in a plain list (*note Plain lists::) can be made a checkbox
by starting it with the string `[ ]'. This feature is similar to TODO
items (*note TODO items::), but more lightweight. Checkboxes are not
included into the global TODO list, so they are often great to split a
task into a number of simple steps. Or you can use them in a shopping
list. To toggle a checkbox, use `C-c C-c', or try Piotr Zielinski's
`org-mouse.el'. Here is an example of a checkbox list.
* TODO Organize party [3/6]
- call people [1/3]
- [ ] Peter
- [X] Sarah
- [ ] Sam
- [X] order food
- [ ] think about what music to play
- [X] talk to the neighbors
The `[3/6]' and `[1/3]' in the first and second line are cookies
indicating how many checkboxes are present in this entry, and how many
of them have been checked off. This can give you an idea on how many
checkboxes remain, even without opening a folded entry. The cookies
can be placed into a headline or into (the first line of) a plain list
item. Each cookie covers all checkboxes structurally below that
headline/item. You have to insert the cookie yourself by typing either
`[/]' or `[%]'. In the first case you get an `n out of m' result, in
the second case you get information about the percentage of checkboxes
checked (in the above example, this would be `[50%]' and `[33%],
respectively').
The following commands work with checkboxes:
`C-c C-c'
Toggle checkbox at point.
`C-c C-x C-b'
Toggle checkbox at point.
- If there is an active region, toggle the first checkbox in
the region and set all remaining boxes to the same status as
the first. If you want to toggle all boxes in the region
independently, use a prefix argument.
- If the cursor is in a headline, toggle checkboxes in the
region between this headline and the next (so _not_ the
entire subtree).
- If there is no active region, just toggle the checkbox at
point.
`M-S-<RET>'
Insert a new item with a checkbox. This works only if the cursor
is already in a plain list item (*note Plain lists::).
`C-c #'
Update the checkbox statistics in the current outline entry. When
called with a `C-u' prefix, update the entire file. Checkbox
statistic cookies are updated automatically if you toggle
checkboxes with `C-c C-c' and make new ones with `M-S-<RET>'. If
you delete boxes or add/change them by hand, use this command to
get things back into synch. Or simply toggle any checkbox twice
with `C-c C-c'.

File: org, Node: Timestamps, Next: Tags, Prev: TODO items, Up: Top
6 Timestamps
************
Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
planning.
* Menu:
* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
* Custom time format:: If you cannot work with the ISO format
* Repeating items:: Deadlines that come back again and again
* Progress logging:: Documenting when what work was done.

File: org, Node: Time stamps, Next: Creating timestamps, Prev: Timestamps, Up: Timestamps
6.1 Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
=========================================
A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time) in a
special format, either `<2003-09-16 Tue>' or `<2003-09-16 Tue
09:39>'(1). A time stamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body
of an org-tree entry. Its presence allows entries to be shown on
specific dates in the agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::). We
distinguish:
PLAIN TIME STAMP
A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is
just like writing down an appointment in a paper agenda, or like
writing down an event in a diary, when you want to take note of
when something happened. In the timeline and agenda displays, the
headline of an entry associated with a plain time stamp will be
shown exactly on that date.
* Meet Peter at the movies <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15>
INACTIVE TIME STAMP
Just like a plain time stamp, but with square brackets instead of
angular ones. These time stamps are inactive in the sense that
they do _not_ trigger an entry to show up in the agenda.
* Gillian comes late for the fifth time [2006-11-01 Wed]
TIME STAMP RANGE
Two time stamps connected by `--' denote a time range. The
headline will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and
on any dates that are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an
example:
** Meeting in Amsterdam
<2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
TIME STAMP WITH SCHEDULED KEYWORD
If a time stamp is preceded by the word `SCHEDULED:', it means you
are planning to start working on that task on the given date. So
this is not about recording an event, but about planning your
work. The headline will be listed under the given date(2). In
addition, a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be
present in the compilation for _today_, until the entry is marked
DONE. I.e., the task will automatically be forwarded until
completed.
*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
TIME STAMP WITH DEADLINE KEYWORD
If a time stamp is preceded by the word `DEADLINE:', the task
(most likely a TODO item) is supposed to be finished on that date,
and it will be listed then. In addition, the compilation for
_today_ will carry a warning about the approaching or missed
deadline, starting `org-deadline-warning-days' before the due
date, and continuing until the entry is marked DONE. An example:
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]]
DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>
TIME STAMP WITH CLOSED KEYWORD
When `org-log-done' is non-nil, Org-mode will automatically insert
a special time stamp each time a TODO entry is marked done (*note
Progress logging::). This time stamp is enclosed in square
brackets instead of angular brackets.
TIME RANGE WITH CLOCK KEYWORD
When using the clock to time the work that is being done on
specific items, time ranges preceded by the CLOCK keyword are
inserted automatically into the file. The time stamps are
enclosed in square brackets instead of angular brackets. *Note
Clocking work time::.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) This is the standard ISO date/time format. If you cannot get
used to these, see *Note Custom time format::
(2) It will still be listed on that date after it has been marked
DONE. If you don't like this, set the variable
`org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done'.

File: org, Node: Creating timestamps, Next: Custom time format, Prev: Time stamps, Up: Timestamps
6.2 Creating timestamps
=======================
For Org-mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific
format. All commands listed below produce time stamps in the correct
format.
`C-c .'
Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding time stamp. When the
cursor is at a previously used time stamp, it is updated to NOW.
When this command is used twice in succession, a time range is
inserted.
`C-u C-c .'
Like `C-c .', but use the alternative format which contains date
and time. The default time can be rounded to multiples of 5
minutes, see the option `org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes'.
`C-c !'
Like `C-c .', but insert an inactive time stamp not triggering the
agenda.
`C-c <'
Insert a time stamp corresponding to the cursor date in the
Calendar.
`C-c >'
Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is a
timestamp in the current line, goto the corresponding date instead.
`C-c C-o'
Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp or -range at
point (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::).
`C-c C-d'
Insert `DEADLINE' keyword along with a stamp. The insertion will
happen in the line directly following the headline.
`C-c C-w'
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due,
or which will become due within `org-deadline-warning-days'. With
`C-u' prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With a numeric
prefix, check that many days. For example, `C-1 C-c C-w' shows
all deadlines due tomorrow.
`C-c C-s'
Insert `SCHEDULED' keyword along with a stamp. The insertion will
happen in the line directly following the headline. Any CLOSED
timestamp will be removed.
`S-<left>'
`S-<right>'
Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with
CUA-mode (*note Conflicts::).
`S-<up>'
`S-<down>'
Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can
be on a year, month, day, hour or minute. Note that if the cursor
is in a headline and not at a time stamp, these same keys modify
the priority of an item. (*note Priorities::). The key bindings
also conflict with CUA-mode (*note Conflicts::).
`C-c C-y'
Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and
end. With prefix arg, insert result after the time range (in a
table: into the following column).
* Menu:
* The date/time prompt:: How org-mode helps you entering date and time

File: org, Node: The date/time prompt, Prev: Creating timestamps, Up: Creating timestamps
6.2.1 The date/time prompt
--------------------------
When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the prompt suggests to enter an
ISO date. But it will in fact accept any string containing some date
and/or time information. You can, for example, use `C-y' to paste a
(possibly multi-line) string copied from an email message. Org-mode
will find whatever information is in there and will replace anything not
specified with the current date and time. For example:
3-2-5 --> 2003-02-05
feb 15 --> currentyear-02-15
sep 12 9 --> 2009-09-12
12:45 --> today 12:45
22 sept 0:34 --> currentyear-09-22 0:34
12 --> currentyear-currentmonth-12
Fri --> nearest Friday (today or later)
+4 --> 4 days from now (if +N is the only thing given)
The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If
you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
the variables `parse-time-months' and `parse-time-weekdays'.
Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up(1). You
can control the calendar fully from the minibuffer:
`<'
Scroll calendar backwards by one month.
`>'
Scroll calendar forwards by one month.
`mouse-1'
Select date by clicking on it.
`S-<right>'
One day forward.
`S-<left>'
One day back.
`S-<down>'
One week forward.
`S-<up>'
One week back.
`M-S-<right>'
One month forward.
`M-S-<left>'
One month back.
`<RET>'
Choose date in calendar (only if nothing was typed into
minibuffer).
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) If you don't need/want the calendar, configure the variable
`org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt'.

File: org, Node: Custom time format, Next: Repeating items, Prev: Creating timestamps, Up: Timestamps
6.3 Custom time format
======================
Org-mode uses the standard ISO notation for dates and times as it is
defined in ISO 8601. If you cannot get used to this and require another
representation of date and time to keep you happy, you can get it by
customizing the variables `org-display-custom-times' and
`org-time-stamp-custom-formats'.
`C-c C-x C-t'
Toggle the display of custom formats for dates and times.
Org-mode needs the default format for scanning, so the custom date/time
format does not _replace_ the default format - instead it is put _over_
the default format using text properties. This has the following
consequences:
* You cannot place the cursor onto a time stamp anymore, only before
or after.
* The `S-<up>/<down>' keys can no longer be used to adjust each
component of a time stamp. If the cursor is at the beginning of
the stamp, `S-<up>/<down>' will change the stamp by one day, just
like `S-<left>/<right>'. At the end of the stamp, the time will
be changed by one minute.
* When you delete a time stamp character-by-character, it will only
disappear from the buffer after _all_ (invisible) characters
belonging to the ISO timestamp have been removed.
* If the custom time stamp format is longer than the default and you
are using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up. If
the custom format is shorter, things do work as expected.

File: org, Node: Repeating items, Next: Progress logging, Prev: Custom time format, Up: Timestamps
6.4 Repeating items
===================
Org-mode integrates with the Emacs calendar and diary to display cyclic
appointments, anniversaries and other special entries in the agenda
(*note Weekly/Daily agenda::). However, it can be useful to have
certain deadlines and scheduling items to auto-repeat. The advantage of
a deadline or scheduled item is that the they produce warnings ahead of
time and automatically forward themselves in the agenda until they are
done. The abstract difference is therefore between cyclic appointments
and cyclic action items. For appointments you should use the diary,
for actions you can uses an org-mode deadline or scheduling time stamp
together with a REPEAT cookie. For example:
* TODO Replace batteries in smoke detector REPEAT(+18m)
SCHEDULED: <2007-01-01 Mon>
* TODO Get dentist appointment REPEAT(+6m)
SCHEDULED: <2006-12-19 Tue>
* TODO Tax report to IRS REPEAT(+1y)
DEADLINE: <2007-04-01 Sun>
Each time you try to mark one of these entries DONE using `C-c C-t',
they will automatically switch back to the state TODO, and the
deadline/scheduling will be shifted accordingly. The time units
recognized by org-mode are year (y), month (m), week (w), and day (d).
Org-mode will also prompt you for a note and record the fact that you
have closed this item in a note under the headline.
One unusual property of these repeating items is that only one
instance of each exist at any given time. So if you look back or ahead
in the agenda, you will not find past and future instances, only the
current one will show up. Use a cyclic diary entry if you need all
past and future instances to be visible in the agenda.

File: org, Node: Progress logging, Prev: Repeating items, Up: Timestamps
6.5 Progress Logging
====================
Org-mode can automatically record a time stamp when you mark a TODO item
as DONE, or even each time when you change the state of a TODO item.
You can also measure precisely the time you spent on specific items in a
project by starting and stopping a clock when you start and stop working
on an aspect of a project.
* Menu:
* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
* Clocking work time:: When exactly did you work on this item?

File: org, Node: Closing items, Next: Tracking TODO state changes, Prev: Progress logging, Up: Progress logging
6.5.1 Closing items
-------------------
If you want to keep track of _when_ a certain TODO item was finished,
turn on logging with(1)
(setq org-log-done t)
Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either `C-c C-t'
in the Org-mode buffer or `t' in the agenda buffer, a line `CLOSED:
[timestamp]' will be inserted just after the headline. If you turn the
entry back into a TODO item through further state cycling, that line
will be removed again. In the timeline (*note Timeline::) and in the
agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::), you can then use the `l' key to
display the TODO items closed on each day, giving you an overview of
what has been done on a day. If you want to record a note along with
the timestamp, use(2)
(setq org-log-done '(done))
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) The corresponding in-buffer setting is: `#+STARTUP: logdone'
(2) The corresponding in-buffer setting is: `#+STARTUP: lognotedone'

File: org, Node: Tracking TODO state changes, Next: Clocking work time, Prev: Closing items, Up: Progress logging
6.5.2 Tracking TODO state changes
---------------------------------
When TODO keywords are used as workflow states (*note Workflow
states::), you might want to keep track of when a state change occurred,
and you may even want to attach notes to that state change. With the
setting
(setq org-log-done '(state))
each state change will prompt you for a note that will be attached to
the current headline. Very likely you do not want this verbose tracking
all the time, so it is probably better to configure this behavior with
in-buffer options. For example, if you are tracking purchases, put
these into a separate file that starts with:
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO ORDERED INVOICE PAYED RECEIVED SENT
#+STARTUP: lognotestate

File: org, Node: Clocking work time, Prev: Tracking TODO state changes, Up: Progress logging
6.5.3 Clocking work time
------------------------
Org-mode allows you to clock the time you spent on specific tasks in a
project. When you start working on an item, you can start the clock.
When you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task done, the
clock is stopped and the corresponding time interval is recorded. It
also computes the total time spent on each subtree of a project.
`C-c C-x C-i'
Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the
CLOCK keyword together with a timestamp.
`C-c C-x C-o'
Stop the clock (clock-out). The inserts another timestamp at the
same location where the clock was last started. It also directly
computes the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as
`=> HH:MM'. See the variable `org-log-done' for the possibility to
record an additional note together with the clock-out time
stamp(1).
`C-c C-y'
Recompute the time interval after changing one of the time stamps.
This is only necessary if you edit the time stamps directly. If
you change them with `S-<cursor>' keys, the update is automatic.
`C-c C-t'
Changing the TODO state of an item to DONE automatically stops the
clock if it is running in this same item.
`C-c C-x C-x'
Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by
mistake, or if you ended up working on something else.
`C-c C-x C-d'
Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer.
This puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total
time recorded under that heading, including the time of any
subheadings. You can use visibility cycling to study the tree, but
the overlays disappear when you change the buffer (see variable
`org-remove-highlights-with-change') or press `C-c C-c'.
`C-c C-x C-r'
Insert a dynamic block (*note Dynamic blocks::) containing a clock
report as an org-mode table into the current file.
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil
#+END: clocktable
If such a block already exists, its content is replaced by the new
table. The `BEGIN' line can specify options:
:maxlevels Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table.
:emphasize When `t', emphasize level one and level two items
:block The time block to consider. This block is specified relative
to the current time and may be any of these keywords:
`today', `yesterday', `thisweek', `lastweek',
`thismonth', `lastmonth', `thisyear', or `lastyear'.
:tstart A time string specifying when to start considering times
:tend A time string specifying when to stop considering times
So to get a clock summary for the current day, you could write
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today
#+END: clocktable
and to use a specific time range you could write(2)
#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>"
:tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>"
#+END: clocktable
`C-u C-c C-x C-u'
Update all dynamic blocks (*note Dynamic blocks::). This is
useful if you have several clocktable blocks in a buffer.
The `l' key may be used in the timeline (*note Timeline::) and in
the agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::) to show which tasks have been
worked on or closed during a day.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) The corresponding in-buffer setting is: `#+STARTUP:
lognoteclock-out'
(2) Note that all parameters must be specified in a single line -
the line is broken here only to fit it onto the manual.

File: org, Node: Tags, Next: Agenda views, Prev: Timestamps, Up: Top
7 Tags
******
If you wish to implement a system of labels and contexts for
cross-correlating information, an excellent way is to assign tags to
headlines. Org-mode has extensive support for using tags.
Every headline can contain a list of tags, at the end of the
headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, `_', and
`@'. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon; like
`:WORK:'. Several tags can be specified like `:WORK:URGENT:'.
* Menu:
* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags

File: org, Node: Tag inheritance, Next: Setting tags, Prev: Tags, Up: Tags
7.1 Tag inheritance
===================
Tags make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
well. For example, in the list
* Meeting with the French group :WORK:
** Summary by Frank :BOSS:NOTES:
*** TODO Prepare slides for him :ACTION:
the final heading will have the tags `:WORK:', `:BOSS:', `:NOTES:', and
`:ACTION:'. When executing tag searches and Org-mode finds that a
certain headline matches the search criterion, it will not check any
sublevel headline, assuming that these likely also match, and that the
list of matches can become very long. This may not be what you want,
however, and you can influence inheritance and searching using the
variables `org-use-tag-inheritance' and `org-tags-match-list-sublevels'.

File: org, Node: Setting tags, Next: Tag searches, Prev: Tag inheritance, Up: Tags
7.2 Setting tags
================
Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline.
After a colon, `M-<TAB>' offers completion on tags. There is also a
special command for inserting tags:
`C-c C-c'
Enter new tags for the current headline. Org-mode will either
offer completion or a special single-key interface for setting
tags, see below. After pressing <RET>, the tags will be inserted
and aligned to `org-tags-column'. When called with a `C-u'
prefix, all tags in the current buffer will be aligned to that
column, just to make things look nice. TAGS are automatically
realigned after promotion, demotion, and TODO state changes (*note
TODO basics::).
Org will support tag insertion based on a _list of tags_. By
default this list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags
currently used in the buffer. You may also globally specify a hard list
of tags with the variable `org-tag-alist'. Finally you can set the
default tags for a given file with lines like
#+TAGS: @WORK @HOME @TENNISCLUB
#+TAGS: Laptop Car PC Sailboat
If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the
variable `org-tag-alist', but would like to use a dynamic tag list in a
specific file: Just add an empty TAGS option line to that file:
#+TAGS:
The default support method for entering tags is minibuffer
completion. However, Org-mode also implements a much better method:
_fast tag selection_. This method allows to select and deselect tags
with a single key per tag. To function efficiently, you should assign
unique keys to most tags. This can be done globally with
(setq org-tag-alist '(("@WORK" . ?w) ("@HOME" . ?h) ("Laptop" . ?l)))
or on a per-file basis with
#+TAGS: @WORK(w) @HOME(h) @TENNISCLUB(t) Laptop(l) PC(p)
You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive. With
curly braces(1)
#+TAGS: { @WORK(w) @HOME(h) @TENNISCLUB(t) } Laptop(l) PC(p)
you indicate that at most one of `@WORK', `@HOME', and `@TENNISCLUB'
should be selected.
Don't forget to press `C-c C-c' with the cursor in one of these lines
to activate any changes.
If at least one tag has a selection key, pressing `C-c C-c' will
automatically present you with a special interface, listing inherited
tags, the tags of the current headline, and a list of all legal tags
with corresponding keys(2). In this interface, you can use the
following keys:
`a-z...'
Pressing keys assigned to tags will add or remove them from the
list of tags in the current line. Selecting a tag in a group of
mutually exclusive tags will turn off any other tags from that
group.
`<TAB>'
Enter a tag in the minibuffer, even if the tag is not in the
predefined list. You will be able to complete on all tags present
in the buffer.
`<SPC>'
Clear all tags for this line.
`<RET>'
Accept the modified set.
`C-g'
Abort without installing changes.
`q'
If `q' is not assigned to a tag, it aborts like `C-g'.
`!'
Turn off groups of mutually exclusive tags. Use this to (as an
exception) assign several tags from such a group.
`C-c'
Toggle auto-exit after the next change (see below).
This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys. With
the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set `@HOME',
`Laptop' and `PC' tags with just the following keys: `C-c C-c <SPC> h l
p <RET>'. Switching from `@HOME' to `@WORK' would be done with `C-c
C-c w <RET>' or alternatively with `C-c C-c C-c w'. Adding the
non-predefined tag `Sarah' could be done with `C-c C-c <TAB> S a r a h
<RET> <RET>'.
If you find that most of the time, you need only a single keypress to
modify your list of tags, set the variable
`org-fast-tag-selection-single-key'. Then you no longer have to press
<RET> to exit fast tag selection - it will immediately exit after the
first change. If you then occasionally need more keys, press `C-c' to
turn off auto-exit for the current tag selection process.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) In `org-mode-alist' use `'(:startgroup)' and `'(:endgroup)',
respectively. Several groups are allowed.
(2) Keys will automatically be assigned to tags which have no
configured keys.

File: org, Node: Tag searches, Prev: Setting tags, Up: Tags
7.3 Tag searches
================
Once a tags system has been set up, it can be used to collect related
information into special lists.
`C-c \'
Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search.
With a `C-u' prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO
line.
`C-c a m'
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. *Note
Matching headline tags::.
`C-c a M'
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but
check only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable
`org-tags-match-list-sublevels').
A tags search string can use Boolean operators `&' for AND and `|'
for OR. `&' binds more strongly than `|'. Parenthesis are currently
not implemented. A tag may also be preceded by `-', to select against
it, and `+' is syntactic sugar for positive selection. The AND
operator `&' is optional when `+' or `-' is present. Examples:
`+WORK-BOSS'
Select headlines tagged `:WORK:', but discard those also tagged
`:BOSS:'.
`WORK|LAPTOP'
Selects lines tagged `:WORK:' or `:LAPTOP:'.
`WORK|LAPTOP&NIGHT'
Like before, but require the `:LAPTOP:' lines to be tagged also
`NIGHT'.
If you are using multi-state TODO keywords (*note TODO
extensions::), it can be useful to also match on the TODO keyword.
This can be done by adding a condition after a slash to a tags match.
The syntax is similar to the tag matches, but should be applied with
consideration: For example, a positive selection on several TODO
keywords can not meaningfully be combined with boolean AND. However,
_negative selection_ combined with AND can be meaningful. To make sure
that only lines are checked that actually have any TODO keyword, use
`C-c a M', or equivalently start the todo part after the slash with `!'.
Examples:
`WORK/WAITING'
Select `:WORK:'-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO keyword
`WAITING'.
`WORK/!-WAITING-NEXT'
Select `:WORK:'-tagged TODO lines that are neither `WAITING' nor
`NEXT'
`WORK/+WAITING|+NEXT'
Select `:WORK:'-tagged TODO lines that are either `WAITING' or
`NEXT'.
Any element of the tag/todo match can be a regular expression - in
this case it must be enclosed in curly braces. For example,
`WORK+{^BOSS.*}' matches headlines that contain the tag `WORK' and any
tag starting with `BOSS'.
You can also require a headline to be of a certain level, by writing
instead of any TAG an expression like `LEVEL=3'. For example, a search
`+LEVEL=3+BOSS/-DONE' lists all level three headlines that have the tag
BOSS and are _not_ marked with the todo keyword DONE.

File: org, Node: Agenda views, Next: Embedded LaTeX, Prev: Tags, Up: Top
8 Agenda Views
**************
Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
files. To get an overview over open action items, or over events that
are important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
sorted and displayed in an organized way.
Org-mode can select items based on various criteria, and display them
in a separate buffer. Six different view types are provided:
* an _agenda_ that is like a calendar and shows information for
specific dates,
* a _TODO list_ that covers all unfinished action items,
* a _tags view_, showings headlines based on the tags associated
with them,
* a _timeline view_ that shows all events in a single Org-mode file,
in time-sorted view,
* a _stuck projects view_ showing projects that currently don't move
along, and
* _custom views_ that are special tag/keyword searches and
combinations of different views.
The extracted information is displayed in a special _agenda buffer_.
This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the
corresponding locations in the original Org-mode files, and even to
edit these files remotely.
Two variables control how the agenda buffer is displayed and whether
the window configuration is restored when the agenda exits:
`org-agenda-window-setup' and `org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit'.
* Menu:
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views

File: org, Node: Agenda files, Next: Agenda dispatcher, Prev: Agenda views, Up: Agenda views
8.1 Agenda files
================
The information to be shown is collected from all _agenda files_, the
files listed in the variable `org-agenda-files'(1). Thus even if you
only work with a single Org-mode file, this file should be put into
that list(2). You can customize `org-agenda-files', but the easiest
way to maintain it is through the following commands
`C-c ['
Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to
the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved
to the front. With prefix arg, file is added/moved to the end.
`C-c ]'
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
`C-,'
`C-''
Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other.
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used to
visit any of them.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) If the value of that variable is not a list, but a single file
name, then the list of agenda files will be maintained in that external
file.
(2) When using the dispatcher, pressing `1' before selecting a
command will actually limit the command to the current file, and ignore
`org-agenda-files' until the next dispatcher command.

File: org, Node: Agenda dispatcher, Next: Built-in agenda views, Prev: Agenda files, Up: Agenda views
8.2 The agenda dispatcher
=========================
The views are created through a dispatcher that should be bound to a
global key, for example `C-c a' (*note Installation::). In the
following we will assume that `C-c a' is indeed how the dispatcher is
accessed and list keyboard access to commands accordingly. After
pressing `C-c a', an additional letter is required to execute a
command. The dispatcher offers the following default commands:
`a'
Create the calendar-like agenda (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::).
`t / T'
Create a list of all TODO items (*note Global TODO list::).
`m / M'
Create a list of headlines matching a TAGS expression (*note
Matching headline tags::).
`L'
Create the timeline view for the current buffer (*note Timeline::).
`# / !'
Create a list of stuck projects (*note Stuck projects::).
`1'
Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer. After pressing
`1', you still need to press the character selecting the command.
`0'
If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda
command to the region. Otherwise, restrict it to the current
subtree. After pressing `0', you still need to press the
character selecting the command.
You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through
the dispatcher, just like the default commands. This includes the
possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several
blocks together, for example the weekly agenda, the global TODO list and
a number of special tags matches. *Note Custom agenda views::.

File: org, Node: Built-in agenda views, Next: Presentation and sorting, Prev: Agenda dispatcher, Up: Agenda views
8.3 The built-in agenda views
=============================
In this section we describe the built-in views.
* Menu:
* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review

File: org, Node: Weekly/Daily agenda, Next: Global TODO list, Prev: Built-in agenda views, Up: Built-in agenda views
8.3.1 The weekly/daily agenda
-----------------------------
The purpose of the weekly/daily _agenda_ is to act like a page of a
paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
`C-c a a'
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files.
The agenda shows the entries for each day. With a `C-u' prefix (or
when the variable `org-agenda-include-all-todo' is `t'), all
unfinished TODO items (including those without a date) are also
listed at the beginning of the buffer, before the first date.
Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you
can change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda
buffer. The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in
*Note Agenda commands::.
Calendar/Diary integration
..........................
Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of
anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
Org-mode. It can be very useful to combine output from Org-mode with
the diary.
In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org-mode's
agenda, you only need to customize the variable
(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary entries
including holidays, anniversaries etc will be included in the agenda
buffer created by Org-mode. <SPC>, <TAB>, and <RET> can be used from
the agenda buffer to jump to the diary file in order to edit existing
diary entries. The `i' command to insert new entries for the current
date works in the agenda buffer, as well as the commands `S', `M', and
`C' to display Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert
to other calendars, respectively. `c' can be used to switch back and
forth between calendar and agenda.

File: org, Node: Global TODO list, Next: Matching headline tags, Prev: Weekly/Daily agenda, Up: Built-in agenda views
8.3.2 The global TODO list
--------------------------
The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items, formatted and
collected into a single place.
`C-c a t'
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
agenda files (*note Agenda views::) into a single buffer. The
buffer is in `agenda-mode', so there are commands to examine and
manipulate the TODO entries directly from that buffer (*note
Agenda commands::).
`C-c a T'
Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword.
You can also do this by specifying a prefix argument to `C-c a t'.
With a `C-u' prefix you are prompted for a keyword. With a
numeric prefix, the Nth keyword in `org-todo-keywords' is selected. The
`r' key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give a
prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO
keyword, for example `3 r'. If you often need a search for a
specific keyword, define a custom command for it (*note Agenda
dispatcher::).
Matching specific TODO keywords can also be done as part of a tags
search (*note Tag searches::).
Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a
TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the TODO
list are described in *Note Agenda commands::.
Normally the global todo list simply shows all headlines with TODO
keywords. This list can become very long. There are two ways to keep
it more compact:
- Some people view a TODO item that has been _scheduled_ for
execution (*note Time stamps::) as no longer _open_. Configure the
variable `org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled' to exclude scheduled
items from the global TODO list.
- TODO items may have sublevels to break up the task into subtasks.
In such cases it may be enough to list only the highest level TODO
headline and omit the sublevels from the global list. Configure
the variable `org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels' to get this behavior.

File: org, Node: Matching headline tags, Next: Timeline, Prev: Global TODO list, Up: Built-in agenda views
8.3.3 Matching headline tags
----------------------------
If headlines in the agenda files are marked with _tags_ (*note Tags::),
you can select headlines based on the tags that apply to them and
collect them into an agenda buffer.
`C-c a m'
Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags.
The command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean
logic expression with tags, like `+WORK+URGENT-WITHBOSS' or
`WORK|HOME' (*note Tags::). If you often need a specific search,
define a custom command for it (*note Agenda dispatcher::).
`C-c a M'
Like `C-c a m', but only select headlines that are also TODO items
and force checking subitems (see variable
`org-tags-match-list-sublevels'). Matching specific todo keywords
together with a tags match is also possible, see *Note Tag
searches::.
The commands available in the tags list are described in *Note
Agenda commands::.

File: org, Node: Timeline, Next: Stuck projects, Prev: Matching headline tags, Up: Built-in agenda views
8.3.4 Timeline for a single file
--------------------------------
The timeline summarizes all time-stamped items from a single Org-mode
file in a _time-sorted view_. The main purpose of this command is to
give an overview over events in a project.
`C-c a L'
Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped
items. When called with a `C-u' prefix, all unfinished TODO
entries (scheduled or not) are also listed under the current date.
The commands available in the timeline buffer are listed in *Note
Agenda commands::.

File: org, Node: Stuck projects, Prev: Timeline, Up: Built-in agenda views
8.3.5 Stuck projects
--------------------
If you are following a system like David Allen's GTD to organize your
work, one of the "duties" you have is a regular review to make sure
that all projects move along. A _stuck_ project is a project that has
no defined next actions, so it will never show up in the TODO lists
Org-mode produces. During the review, you need to identify such
projects and define next actions for them.
`C-c a #'
List projects that are stuck.
`C-c a !'
Customize the variable `org-stuck-projects' to define what a stuck
project is and how to find it.
You almost certainly will have to configure this view before it will
work for you. The built-in default assumes that all your projects are
level-2 headlines, and that a project is not stuck if it has at least
one entry marked with a todo keyword TODO or NEXT or NEXTACTION.
Lets assume that you, in your own way of using Org-mode, identify
projects with a tag PROJECT, and that you use a todo keyword MAYBE to
indicate a project that should not be considered yet. Lets further
assume that the todo keyword DONE marks finished projects, and that NEXT
and TODO indicate next actions. Finally, the tag @SHOP indicates
shopping and is a next action even without the NEXT tag. In this case
you would start by identifying elegible projects with a tags/todo match
`+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE', and then check for TODO, NEXT and @SHOP in the
subtree to identify projects that are not stuck. The correct
customization for this is
(setq org-stuck-projects
("+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE" ("NEXT" "TODO") ("@SHOP")))

File: org, Node: Presentation and sorting, Next: Agenda commands, Prev: Built-in agenda views, Up: Agenda views
8.4 Presentation and sorting
============================
Before displaying items in an agenda view, Org-mode visually prepares
the items and sorts them. Each item occupies a single line. The line
starts with a _prefix_ that contains the _category_ (*note
Categories::) of the item and other important information. You can
customize the prefix using the option `org-agenda-prefix-format'. The
prefix is followed by a cleaned-up version of the outline headline
associated with the item.
* Menu:
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things

File: org, Node: Categories, Next: Time-of-day specifications, Prev: Presentation and sorting, Up: Presentation and sorting
8.4.1 Categories
----------------
The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item. By default,
the category is simply derived from the file name, but you can also
specify it with a special line in the buffer, like this:
#+CATEGORY: Thesis
If there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the
category for the text below it (but the first category also applies to
any text before the first CATEGORY line). The display in the agenda
buffer looks best if the category is not longer than 10 characters.

File: org, Node: Time-of-day specifications, Next: Sorting of agenda items, Prev: Categories, Up: Presentation and sorting
8.4.2 Time-of-Day Specifications
--------------------------------
Org-mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
time can be part of the time stamp that triggered inclusion into the
agenda, for example as in `<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>'. Time ranges can be
specified with two time stamps, like
`<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>'.
In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
plain text (like `12:45' or a `8:30-1pm'. If the agenda integrates the
Emacs diary (*note Weekly/Daily agenda::), time specifications in diary
entries are recognized as well.
For agenda display, Org-mode extracts the time and displays it in a
standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
8:00...... ------------------
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
10:00...... ------------------
12:00...... ------------------
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
14:00...... ------------------
16:00...... ------------------
18:00...... ------------------
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
20:00...... ------------------
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
`org-agenda-use-time-grid', and can be configured with
`org-agenda-time-grid'.

File: org, Node: Sorting of agenda items, Prev: Time-of-day specifications, Up: Presentation and sorting
8.4.3 Sorting of agenda items
-----------------------------
Before being inserted into a view, the items are sorted. How this is
done depends on the type of view.
* For the daily/weekly agenda, the items for each day are sorted.
The default order is to first collect all items containing an
explicit time-of-day specification. These entries will be shown
at the beginning of the list, as a _schedule_ for the day. After
that, items remain grouped in categories, in the sequence given by
`org-agenda-files'. Within each category, items are sorted by
priority (*note Priorities::), which is composed of the base
priority (2000 for priority `A', 1000 for `B', and 0 for `C'),
plus additional increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items.
* For the TODO list, items remain in the order of categories, but
within each category, sorting takes place according to priority
(*note Priorities::).
* For tags matches, items are not sorted at all, but just appear in
the sequence in which they are found in the agenda files.
Sorting can be customized using the variable
`org-agenda-sorting-strategy'.

File: org, Node: Agenda commands, Next: Custom agenda views, Prev: Presentation and sorting, Up: Agenda views
8.5 Commands in the agenda buffer
=================================
Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the org file or diary
file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda
buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the
original entry location, and to edit the org-files "remotely" from the
agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once,
removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge.
Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For
the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.
Motion
......
`n'
Next line (same as <up>).
`p'
Previous line (same as <down>).
View/GoTo org file
..................
`mouse-3'
`<SPC>'
Display the original location of the item in another window.
`L'
Display original location and recenter that window.
`mouse-2'
`mouse-1'
`<TAB>'
Go to the original location of the item in another window. Under
Emacs 22, `mouse-1' will also works for this.
`<RET>'
Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows.
`f'
Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
location in the org file. The initial setting for this mode in new
agenda buffers can be set with the variable
`org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode'.
`b'
Display the entire subtree of the current item in an indirect
buffer. With numerical prefix ARG, go up to this level and then
take that tree. If ARG is negative, go up that many levels. With
`C-u' prefix, do not remove the previously used indirect buffer.
`l'
Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that where marked
DONE while logging was on (variable `org-log-done') are shown in
the agenda, as are entries that have been clocked on that day.
Change display
..............
`o'
Delete other windows.
`w'
Switch to weekly view (7 days displayed together).
`d'
Switch to daily view (just one day displayed).
`D'
Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See *Note Weekly/Daily
agenda::.
`g'
Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables
`org-agenda-use-time-grid' and `org-agenda-time-grid'.
`r'
Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes
after modification of the time stamps of items with S-<left> and
S-<right>. When the buffer is the global todo list, a prefix
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific
TODO keyword.
`s'
Save all Org-mode buffers in the current Emacs session.
`<right>'
Display the following `org-agenda-ndays' days. For example, if
the display covers a week, switch to the following week. With
prefix arg, go forward that many times `org-agenda-ndays' days.
`<left>'
Display the previous dates.
`.'
Goto today.
Remote editing
..............
`0-9'
Digit argument.
`C-_'
Undo a change due to a remote editing command. The change is
undone both in the agenda buffer and in the remote buffer.
`t'
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
original org file.
`C-k'
Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree
belonging to it in the original Org-mode file. If the text to be
deleted remotely is longer than one line, the kill needs to be
confirmed by the user. See variable `org-agenda-confirm-kill'.
`$'
Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline.
`T'
Show all tags associated with the current item. Because of
inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line
itself.
`:'
Set tags for the current headline.
`a'
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline.
`,'
Set the priority for the current item. Org-mode prompts for the
priority character. If you reply with <SPC>, the priority cookie
is removed from the entry.
`P'
Display weighted priority of current item.
`+'
`S-<up>'
Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is
changed in the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted.
Use the `r' key for this.
`-'
`S-<down>'
Decrease the priority of the current item.
`C-c C-s'
Schedule this item
`C-c C-d'
Set a deadline for this item.
`S-<right>'
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
into the future. With prefix argument, change it by that many
days. For example, `3 6 5 S-<right>' will change it by a year.
The stamp is changed in the original org file, but the change is
not directly reflected in the agenda buffer. Use the `r' key to
update the buffer.
`S-<left>'
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
into the past.
`>'
Change the time stamp associated with the current line to today.
The key `>' has been chosen, because it is the same as `S-.' on my
keyboard.
`I'
Start the clock on the current item. If a clock is running
already, it is stopped first.
`O'
Stop the previously started clock.
`X'
Cancel the currently running clock.
Calendar commands
.................
`c'
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.
`c'
When in the calendar, compute and show the Org-mode agenda for the
date at the cursor.
`i'
Insert a new entry into the diary. Prompts for the type of entry
(day, weekly, monthly, yearly, anniversary, cyclic) and creates a
new entry in the diary, just as `i d' etc. would do in the
calendar. The date is taken from the cursor position.
`M'
Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current
date.
`S'
Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be
set with calendar variables, see documentation of the Emacs
calendar.
`C'
Convert the date at cursor into many other cultural and historic
calendars.
`H'
Show holidays for three month around the cursor date.
`C-c C-x C-c'
Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda
files.
Quit and Exit
.............
`q'
Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
`x'
Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by
Emacs for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the
user to visit org files will not be removed.

File: org, Node: Custom agenda views, Prev: Agenda commands, Up: Agenda views
8.6 Custom agenda views
=======================
Custom agenda commands serve two purposes: to store and quickly access
frequently used TODO and tags searches, and to create special composite
agenda buffers. Custom agenda commands will be accessible through the
dispatcher (*note Agenda dispatcher::), just like the default commands.
* Menu:
* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
* Setting Options:: Changing the rules
* Batch processing:: Agenda views from the command line

File: org, Node: Storing searches, Next: Block agenda, Prev: Custom agenda views, Up: Custom agenda views
8.6.1 Storing searches
----------------------
The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard
shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda
buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the current
buffer). Custom commands are configured in the variable
`org-agenda-custom-commands'. You can customize this variable, for
example by pressing `C-c a C'. You can also directly set it with Emacs
Lisp in `.emacs'. The following example contains all valid search
types:
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("w" todo "WAITING")
("W" todo-tree "WAITING")
("u" tags "+BOSS-URGENT")
("v" tags-todo "+BOSS-URGENT")
("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT")
("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")))
The initial single-character string in each entry defines the character
you have to press after the dispatcher command `C-c a' in order to
access the command. The second parameter is the search type, followed
by the string or regular expression to be used for the matching. The
example above will therefore define:
`C-c a w'
as a global search for TODO entries with `WAITING' as the TODO
keyword
`C-c a W'
as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying
the results as a sparse tree
`C-c a u'
as a global tags search for headlines marked `:BOSS:' but not
`:URGENT:'
`C-c a v'
as the same search as `C-c a u', but limiting the search to
headlines that are also TODO items
`C-c a U'
as the same search as `C-c a u', but only in the current buffer and
displaying the result as a sparse tree
`C-c a f'
to create a sparse tree (again: current buffer only) with all
entries containing the word `FIXME'.

File: org, Node: Block agenda, Next: Setting Options, Prev: Storing searches, Up: Custom agenda views
8.6.2 Block agenda
------------------
Another possibility is the construction of agenda views that comprise
the results of _several_ commands, each of which creates a block in the
agenda buffer. The available commands include `agenda' for the daily
or weekly agenda (as created with `C-c a a'), `alltodo' for the global
todo list (as constructed with `C-c a t'), and the matching commands
discussed above: `todo', `tags', and `tags-todo'. Here are two
examples:
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
((agenda)
(tags-todo "HOME")
(tags "GARDEN")))
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
((agenda)
(tags-todo "WORK")
(tags "OFFICE")))))
This will define `C-c a h' to create a multi-block view for stuff you
need to attend to at home. The resulting agenda buffer will contain
your agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag
`HOME', and also all lines tagged with `GARDEN'. Finally the command
`C-c a o' provides a similar view for office tasks.

File: org, Node: Setting Options, Next: Batch processing, Prev: Block agenda, Up: Custom agenda views
8.6.3 Setting Options for custom commands
-----------------------------------------
Org-mode contains a number of variables regulating agenda construction
and display. The global variables define the behavior for all agenda
commands, including the custom commands. However, if you want to change
some settings just for a single custom view, you can do so. Setting
options requires inserting a list of variable names and values at the
right spot in `org-agenda-custom-commands'. For example:
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("w" todo "WAITING"
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))
(org-agenda-prefix-format " Mixed: ")))
("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT"
((org-show-following-heading nil)
(org-show-hierarchy-above nil)))))
Now the `C-c a w' command will sort the collected entries only by
priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say ` Mixed:'
instead of giving the category of the entry. The sparse tags tree of
`C-c a U' will now turn out ultra-compact, because neither the headline
hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match will be
shown.
For command sets creating a block agenda,
`org-agenda-custom-commands' has two separate spots for setting
options. You can add options that should be valid for just a single
command in the set, and options that should be valid for all commands in
the set. The former are just added to the command entry, the latter
must come after the list of command entries. Going back to the block
agenda example (*note Block agenda::), let's change the sorting strategy
for the `C-c a h' commands to `priority-down', but let's sort the
results for GARDEN tags query in the opposite order, `priority-up'.
This would look like this:
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
((agenda)
(tags-todo "HOME")
(tags "GARDEN" ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up)))))
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))))
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
((agenda)
(tags-todo "WORK")
(tags "OFFICE")))))
As you see, the values and parenthesis setting is a little complex.
When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable - it
fully supports its structure. Just one caveat: When setting options in
this interface, the _values_ are just lisp expressions. So if the
value is a string, you need to add the double quotes around the value
yourself.

File: org, Node: Batch processing, Prev: Setting Options, Up: Custom agenda views
8.6.4 Creating agenda views in batch processing
-----------------------------------------------
If you want to print or otherwise reprocess agenda views, it can be
useful to create an agenda from the command line. This is the purpose
of the function `org-batch-agenda'. It takes as a parameter one of the
strings that are the keys in `org-agenda-custom-commands'. For
example, to directly print the current TODO list, you could use
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda "t")' | lpr
You may also modify parameters on the fly like this:
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \
-eval '(org-batch-agenda "a" \
org-agenda-ndays 300 \
org-agenda-include-diary nil \
org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \
| lpr
which will produce a 300 day agenda, fully restricted to the Org file
`~/org/projects.org', not even including the diary.

File: org, Node: Embedded LaTeX, Next: Exporting, Prev: Agenda views, Up: Top
9 Embedded LaTeX
****************
Plain ASCII is normally sufficient for almost all note taking. One
exception, however, are scientific notes which need to be able to
contain mathematical symbols and the occasional formula. LaTeX(1) is
widely used to typeset scientific documents. Org-mode supports
embedding LaTeX code into its files, because many academics are used to
read LaTeX source code, and because it can be readily processed into
images for HTML production.
It is not necessary to mark LaTeX macros and code in any special way.
If you observe a few conventions, Org-mode knows how to find it and what
to do with it.
* Menu:
* Math symbols:: TeX macros for symbols and Greek letters
* Subscripts and Superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
* LaTeX fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
* Processing LaTeX fragments:: Previewing LaTeX processing
* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) LaTeX is a macro system based on Donald E. Knuth's TeX system.
Many of the features described here as "LaTeX" are really from TeX, but
for simplicity I am blurring this distinction.

File: org, Node: Math symbols, Next: Subscripts and Superscripts, Prev: Embedded LaTeX, Up: Embedded LaTeX
9.1 Math symbols
================
You can use LaTeX macros to insert special symbols like `\alpha' to
indicate the Greek letter, or `\to' to indicate an arrow. Completion
for these macros is available, just type `\' and maybe a few letters,
and press `M-<TAB>' to see possible completions. Unlike LaTeX code,
Org-mode allows these macros to be present without surrounding math
delimiters, for example:
Angles are written as Greek letters \alpha, \beta and \gamma.
During HTML export (*note HTML export::), these symbols are
translated into the proper syntax for HTML, for the above examples this
is `&alpha;' and `&rarr;', respectively.

File: org, Node: Subscripts and Superscripts, Next: LaTeX fragments, Prev: Math symbols, Up: Embedded LaTeX
9.2 Subscripts and Superscripts
===============================
Just like in LaTeX, `^' and `_' are used to indicate super- and
subscripts. Again, these can be used without embedding them in
math-mode delimiters. To increase the readability of ASCII text, it is
not necessary (but OK) to surround multi-character sub- and superscripts
with curly braces. For example
The mass if the sun is M_sun = 1.989 x 10^30 kg. The radius of
the sun is R_{sun} = 6.96 x 10^8 m.
To avoid interpretation as raised or lowered text, you can quote `^'
and `_' with a backslash: `\_' and `\^'.
During HTML export (*note HTML export::), subscript and superscripts
are surrounded with `<sub>' and `<sup>' tags, respectively.

File: org, Node: LaTeX fragments, Next: Processing LaTeX fragments, Prev: Subscripts and Superscripts, Up: Embedded LaTeX
9.3 LaTeX fragments
===================
With symbols, sub- and superscripts, HTML is pretty much at its end when
it comes to representing mathematical formulas(1). More complex
expressions need a dedicated formula processor. To this end, Org-mode
can contain arbitrary LaTeX fragments. It provides commands to preview
the typeset result of these fragments, and upon export to HTML, all
fragments will be converted to images and inlined into the HTML
document. For this to work you need to be on a system with a working
LaTeX installation. You also need the `dvipng' program, available at
`http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/'.
LaTeX fragments don't need any special marking at all. The following
snippets will be identified as LaTeX source code:
* Environments of any kind. The only requirement is that the
`\begin' statement appears on a new line, preceded by only
whitespace.
* Text within the usual LaTeX math delimiters. To avoid conflicts
with currency specifications, single `$' characters are only
recognized as math delimiters if the enclosed text contains at
most two line breaks, is directly attached to the `$' characters
with no whitespace in between, and if the closing `$' is followed
by whitespace or punctuation. For the other delimiters, there is
no such restriction, so when in doubt, use `\(...\)' as inline
math delimiters.
For example:
\begin{equation} % arbitrary environments,
x=\sqrt{b} % even tables, figures
\end{equation} % etc
If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be
either $$ a=+\sqrt{2} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt{2} \].
If you need any of the delimiter ASCII sequences for other purposes, you
can configure the option `org-format-latex-options' to deselect the
ones you do not wish to have interpreted by the LaTeX converter.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Yes, there is MathML, but that is not yet fully supported by
many browsers, and there is no decent converter for turning LaTeX of
ASCII representations of formulas into MathML. So for the time being,
converting formulas into images seems the way to go.

File: org, Node: Processing LaTeX fragments, Next: CDLaTeX mode, Prev: LaTeX fragments, Up: Embedded LaTeX
9.4 Processing LaTeX fragments
==============================
LaTeX fragments can be processed to produce a preview images of the
typeset expressions:
`C-c C-x C-l'
Produce a preview image of the LaTeX fragment at point and overlay
it over the source code. If there is no fragment at point,
process all fragments in the current entry (between two
headlines). When called with a prefix argument, process the
entire subtree. When called with two prefix arguments, or when
the cursor is before the first headline, process the entire buffer.
`C-c C-c'
Remove the overlay preview images.
During HTML export (*note HTML export::), all LaTeX fragments are
converted into images and inlined into the document if the following
setting is active:
(setq org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments t)

File: org, Node: CDLaTeX mode, Prev: Processing LaTeX fragments, Up: Embedded LaTeX
9.5 Using CDLaTeX to enter math
===============================
CDLaTeX-mode is a minor mode that is normally used in combination with a
major LaTeX mode like AUCTeX in order to speed-up insertion of
environments and math templates. Inside Org-mode, you can make use of
some of the features of cdlatex-mode. You need to install `cdlatex.el'
and `texmathp.el' (the latter comes also with AUCTeX) from
`http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/cdlatex'. Don't turn
cdlatex-mode itself under Org-mode, but use the light version
`org-cdlatex-mode' that comes as part of Org-mode. Turn it on for the
current buffer with `M-x org-cdlatex-mode', or for all Org-mode files
with
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-org-cdlatex)
When this mode is enabled, the following features are present (for
more details see the documentation of cdlatex-mode):
* Environment templates can be inserted with `C-c {'.
* The <TAB> key will do template expansion if the cursor is inside a
LaTeX fragment(1). For example, <TAB> will expand `fr' to
`\frac{}{}' and position the cursor correctly inside the first
brace. Another <TAB> will get you into the second brace. Even
outside fragments, <TAB> will expand environment abbreviations at
the beginning of a line. For example, if you write `equ' at the
beginning of a line and press <TAB>, this abbreviation will be
expanded to an `equation' environment. To get a list of all
abbreviations, type `M-x cdlatex-command-help'.
* Pressing `_' and `^' inside a LaTeX fragment will insert these
characters together with a pair of braces. If you use <TAB> to
move out of the braces, and if the braces surround only a single
character or macro, they are removed again (depending on the
variable `cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts').
* Pressing the backquote ``' followed by a character inserts math
macros, also outside LaTeX fragments. If you wait more than 1.5
seconds after the backquote, a help window will pop up.
* Pressing the normal quote `'' followed by another character
modifies the symbol before point with an accent or a font. If you
wait more than 1.5 seconds after the backquote, a help window will
pop up. Character modification will work only inside LaTeX
fragments, outside the quote is normal.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Org-mode has a method to test if the cursor is inside such a
fragment, see the documentation of the function
`org-inside-LaTeX-fragment-p'.

File: org, Node: Exporting, Next: Publishing, Prev: Embedded LaTeX, Up: Top
10 Exporting
************
Org-mode documents can be exported into a variety of other formats. For
printing and sharing of notes, ASCII export produces a readable and
simple version of an Org-mode file. HTML export allows you to publish a
notes file on the web, while the XOXO format provides a solid base for
exchange with a broad range of other applications. To incorporate
entries with associated times like deadlines or appointments into a
desktop calendar program like iCal, Org-mode can also produce extracts
in the iCalendar format. Currently Org-mode only supports export, not
import of these different formats.
When exporting, Org-mode uses special conventions to enrich the
output produced. *Note Text interpretation::, for more details.
`C-c C-e'
Dispatcher for export and publishing commands. Displays a
help-window listing the additional key(s) needed to launch an
export or publishing command.
* Menu:
* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
* XOXO export:: Exporting to XOXO
* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file

File: org, Node: ASCII export, Next: HTML export, Prev: Exporting, Up: Exporting
10.1 ASCII export
=================
ASCII export produces a simple and very readable version of an Org-mode
file.
`C-c C-e a'
Export as ASCII file. If there is an active region, only the
region will be exported. For an org file `myfile.org', the ASCII
file will be `myfile.txt'. The file will be overwritten without
warning.
`C-c C-e v a'
Export only the visible part of the document.
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to
occur at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For
example,
C-1 C-c C-e a
creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items. When
headlines are converted to items, the indentation of the text following
the headline is changed to fit nicely under the item. This is done with
the assumption that the first bodyline indicates the base indentation of
the body text. Any indentation larger than this is adjusted to preserve
the layout relative to the first line. Should there be lines with less
indentation than the first, these are left alone.

File: org, Node: HTML export, Next: XOXO export, Prev: ASCII export, Up: Exporting
10.2 HTML export
================
Org-mode contains an HTML (XHTML 1.0 strict) exporter with extensive
HTML formatting, in ways similar to John Grubers _markdown_ language,
but with additional support for tables.
* Menu:
* Export commands:: How to invode HTML export
* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org-mode
* Links:: How hyperlinks get transferred to HTML
* Images:: To inline or not to inline?
* CSS support:: Style specifications

File: org, Node: Export commands, Next: Quoting HTML tags, Prev: HTML export, Up: HTML export
10.2.1 HTML export commands
---------------------------
`C-c C-e h'
Export as HTML file `myfile.html'.
`C-c C-e b'
Export as HTML file and open it with a browser.
`C-c C-e v h'
`C-c C-e v b'
Export only the visible part of the document.
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to
occur at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For
example,
C-2 C-c C-e b
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.

File: org, Node: Quoting HTML tags, Next: Links, Prev: Export commands, Up: HTML export
10.2.2 Quoting HTML tags
------------------------
If you want to include HTML tags which should be interpreted as such,
mark them with `@' as in `@<b>bold text@</b>'. Plain `<' and `>' are
always transformed to `&lt;' and `&gt;' in HTML export.

File: org, Node: Links, Next: Images, Prev: Quoting HTML tags, Up: HTML export
10.2.3 Links
------------
Internal links (*note Internal links::) will continue to work in HTML
files only if they match a dedicated `<<target>>'. Automatic links
created by radio targets (*note Radio targets::) will also work in the
HTML file. Links to external files will still work if the HTML file is
in the same directory as the Org-mode file. Links to other `.org'
files will be translated into HTML links under the assumption that an
HTML version also exists of the linked file. For information related to
linking files while publishing them to a publishing directory see *Note
Publishing links::.

File: org, Node: Images, Next: CSS support, Prev: Links, Up: HTML export
10.2.4 Images
-------------
HTML export can inline images given as links in the Org-mode file, and
it can make an image the clickable part of a link. By default(1),
images are inlined if a link does not have a description. So
`[[file:myimg.jpg]]' will be inlined, while `[[file:myimg.jpg][the
image]]' will just produce a link `the image' that points to the image.
If the description part itself is a `file:' link or a `http:' URL
pointing to an image, this image will be inlined and activated so that
clicking on the image will activate the link. For example, to include
a thumbnail that will link to a high resolution version of the image,
you could use:
[[file:highres.jpg][file:thumb.jpg]]
and you could use `http' addresses just as well.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) but see the variable `org-export-html-inline-images'

File: org, Node: CSS support, Prev: Images, Up: HTML export
10.2.5 CSS support
------------------
You can also give style information for the exported file. The HTML
exporter assigns the following CSS classes to appropriate parts of the
document - your style specifications may change these:
.todo TODO keywords
.done the DONE keyword
.timestamp time stamp
.timestamp-kwd keyword associated with a time stamp, like SCHEDULED
.tag tag in a headline
.target target for links
The default style specification can be configured through the option
`org-export-html-style'. If you want to use a file-local style, you
may use file variables, best wrapped into a COMMENT section at the end
of the outline tree. For example(1):
* COMMENT html style specifications
# Local Variables:
# org-export-html-style: " <style type=\"text/css\">
# p {font-weight: normal; color: gray; }
# h1 {color: black; }
# </style>"
# End:
Remember to execute `M-x normal-mode' after changing this to make
the new style visible to Emacs. This command restarts org-mode for the
current buffer and forces Emacs to re-evaluate the local variables
section in the buffer.
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) Under Emacs 21, the continuation lines for a variable value
should have no `#' at the start of the line.

File: org, Node: XOXO export, Next: iCalendar export, Prev: HTML export, Up: Exporting
10.3 XOXO export
================
Org-mode contains an exporter that produces XOXO-style output.
Currently, this exporter only handles the general outline structure and
does not interpret any additional Org-mode features.
`C-c C-e x'
Export as XOXO file `myfile.html'.
`C-c C-e v x'
Export only the visible part of the document.

File: org, Node: iCalendar export, Next: Text interpretation, Prev: XOXO export, Up: Exporting
10.4 iCalendar export
=====================
Some people like to use Org-mode for keeping track of projects, but
still prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and
appointments. In this case it can be useful to have deadlines and
other time-stamped items in Org-mode files show up in the calendar
application. Org-mode can export calendar information in the standard
iCalendar format.
`C-c C-e i'
Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in
the same directory, using a file extension `.ics'.
`C-c C-e I'
Like `C-c C-e i', but do this for all files in `org-agenda-files'.
For each of these files, a separate iCalendar file will be
written.
`C-c C-e c'
Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
`org-agenda-files' and write it to the file given by
`org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file'.
How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the
application you are using. For example, when using iCal under Apple
MacOS X, you could create a new calendar `OrgMode' (the default name
for the calendar created by `C-c C-e c', see the variables
`org-icalendar-combined-name' and
`org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file'). Then set Org-mode to overwrite
the corresponding file `~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics'. You may even
use AppleScript to make iCal re-read the calendar files each time a new
version of `OrgMode.ics' is produced. Here is the setup needed for
this:
(setq org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file
"~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics")
(add-hook 'org-after-save-iCalendar-file-hook
(lambda ()
(shell-command
"osascript -e 'tell application \"iCal\" to reload calendars'")))

File: org, Node: Text interpretation, Prev: iCalendar export, Up: Exporting
10.5 Text interpretation by the exporter
========================================
The exporter backends interpret additional structure in the Org-mode
file in order to produce better output.
* Menu:
* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options:: How to influence the export settings

File: org, Node: Comment lines, Next: Enhancing text, Prev: Text interpretation, Up: Text interpretation
10.5.1 Comment lines
--------------------
Lines starting with `#' in column zero are treated as comments and will
never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the word
`COMMENT' will never be exported. Finally, any text before the first
headline will not be exported either.
`C-c ;'
Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.

File: org, Node: Enhancing text, Next: Export options, Prev: Comment lines, Up: Text interpretation
10.5.2 Enhancing text for export
--------------------------------
Some of the export backends of Org-mode allow for sophisticated text
formatting, this is true in particular for the HTML backend. Org-mode
has a number of typing conventions that allow to produce a richly
formatted output.
* Plain lists `-', `*' or `+' as bullet, or with `1.' or `2)' as
enumerator will be recognized and transformed if the backend
supports lists. See *Note Plain lists::.
* You can make words *bold*, /italic/, _underlined_, `=code=', and
`+strikethrough+'.
* Many TeX macros and entire LaTeX fragments are converted into HTML
entities or images (*note Embedded LaTeX::).
* Tables are transformed into native tables under the exporter, if
the export backend supports this. Data fields before the first
horizontal separator line will be formatted as table header fields.
* If a headline starts with the word `QUOTE', the text below the
headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of
computer codes etc. Lines starting with `:' are also typeset in
fixed-width font.
`C-c :'
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
* A double backslash _at the end of a line_ enforces a line break at
this position.
If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
they can all be turned off with corresponding variables (see the
customization group `org-export-general', and the following section
which explains how to set export options with special lines in a buffer.

File: org, Node: Export options, Prev: Enhancing text, Up: Text interpretation
10.5.3 Export options
---------------------
The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide
additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file.
The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with `C-c C-e
t'. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
correct is to type `#+' and then use `M-<TAB>' completion (*note
Completion::).
`C-c C-e t'
Insert template with export options, see example below.
#+TITLE: the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
#+AUTHOR: the author (default taken from `user-full-name')
#+EMAIL: his/her email address (default from `user-mail-address')
#+LANGUAGE: language for HTML, e.g. `en' (`org-export-default-language')
#+TEXT: Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
#+TEXT: Several lines may be given.
#+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t *:nil TeX:t LaTeX:t
The OPTIONS line is a compact form to specify export settings. Here
you can:
H: set the number of headline levels for export
num: turn on/off section-numbers
toc: turn on/off table of contents
\n: turn on/off linebreak-preservation
@: turn on/off quoted HTML tags
:: turn on/off fixed-width sections
|: turn on/off tables
^: turn on/off TeX-like syntax for sub- and superscripts.
*: turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)
TeX: turn on/off simple TeX macros in plain text
LaTeX: turn on/off LaTeX fragments

File: org, Node: Publishing, Next: Miscellaneous, Prev: Exporting, Up: Top
11 Publishing
*************
Org-mode includes(1) a publishing management system that allows you to
configure automatic HTML conversion of _projects_ composed of
interlinked org files. This system is called _org-publish_. You can
also configure org-publish to automatically upload your exported HTML
pages and related attachments, such as images and source code files, to
a web server. Org-publish turns org-mode into a web-site authoring
tool.
Org-publish has been contributed to Org-mode by David O'Toole.
* Menu:
* Configuration:: Defining projects
* Sample configuration:: Example projects
* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) `org-publish.el' is not yet part of Emacs, so if you are using
`org.el' as it comes with Emacs, you need to download this file
separately. Also make sure org.el is at least version 4.27.

File: org, Node: Configuration, Next: Sample configuration, Prev: Publishing, Up: Publishing
11.1 Configuration
==================
Publishing needs significant configuration to specify files, destination
and many other properties of a project.
* Menu:
* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML export
* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
* Project page index:: Publishing a list of project files

File: org, Node: Project alist, Next: Sources and destinations, Prev: Configuration, Up: Configuration
11.1.1 The variable `org-publish-project-alist'
-----------------------------------------------
Org-publish is configured almost entirely through setting the value of
one variable, called `org-publish-project-alist'. Each element of the
list configures one project, and may be in one of the two following
forms:
("project-name" :property value :property value ...)
or
("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...))
In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values.
A project defines the set of files that will be published, as well as
the publishing configuration to use when publishing those files. When
a project takes the second form listed above, the individual members of
the "components" property are taken to be components of the project,
which group together files requiring different publishing options. When
you publish such a "meta-project" all the components will also publish.

File: org, Node: Sources and destinations, Next: Selecting files, Prev: Project alist, Up: Configuration
11.1.2 Sources and destinations for files
-----------------------------------------
Most properties are optional, but some should always be set. In
particular, org-publish needs to know where to look for source files,
and where to put published files.
`:base-directory' Directory containing publishing source files
`:publishing-directory'Directory (possibly remote) where output files
will be published.
`:preparation-function'Function called before starting publishing
process, for example to run `make' for updating
files to be published.

File: org, Node: Selecting files, Next: Publishing action, Prev: Sources and destinations, Up: Configuration
11.1.3 Selecting files
----------------------
By default, all files with extension `.org' in the base directory are
considered part of the project. This can be modified by setting the
properties
`:base-extension' Extension (without the dot!) of source files. This
actually is a regular expression.
`:exclude' Regular expression to match file names that should
not be published, even though they have been selected
on the basis of their extension.
`:include' List of files to be included regardless of
`:base-extension' and `:exclude'.

File: org, Node: Publishing action, Next: Publishing options, Prev: Selecting files, Up: Configuration
11.1.4 Publishing Action
------------------------
Publishing means that a file is copied to the destination directory and
possibly transformed in the process. The default transformation is to
export Org-mode files as HTML files, and this is done by the function
`org-publish-org-to-html' which calls the HTML exporter (*note HTML
export::). Other files like images only need to be copied to the
publishing destination. For non-Org-mode files, you need to specify
the publishing function.
`:publishing-function' Function executing the publication of a file.
This may also be a list of functions, which will
all be called in turn.
The function must accept two arguments: a property list containing at
least a `:publishing-directory' property, and the name of the file to
be published. It should take the specified file, make the necessary
transformation (if any) and place the result into the destination
folder. You can write your own publishing function, but `org-publish'
provides one for attachments (files that only need to be copied):
`org-publish-attachment'.

File: org, Node: Publishing options, Next: Publishing links, Prev: Publishing action, Up: Configuration
11.1.5 Options for the HTML exporter
------------------------------------
The property list can be used to set many export options for the HTML
exporter. In most cases, these properties correspond to user variables
in Org-mode. The table below lists these properties along with the
variable they belong to. See the documentation string for the
respective variable for details.
`:language' `org-export-default-language'
`:headline-levels' `org-export-headline-levels'
`:section-numbers' `org-export-with-section-numbers'
`:table-of-contents' `org-export-with-toc'
`:archived-trees' `org-export-with-archived-trees'
`:emphasize' `org-export-with-emphasize'
`:sub-superscript' `org-export-with-sub-superscripts'
`:TeX-macros' `org-export-with-TeX-macros'
`:LaTeX-fragments' `org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments'
`:fixed-width' `org-export-with-fixed-width'
`:timestamps' `org-export-with-timestamps'
.
`:tags' `org-export-with-tags'
.
`:tables' `org-export-with-tables'
`:table-auto-headline' `org-export-highlight-first-table-line'
`:style' `org-export-html-style'
`:convert-org-links' `org-export-html-link-org-files-as-html'
`:inline-images' `org-export-html-inline-images'
`:expand-quoted-html' `org-export-html-expand'
`:timestamp' `org-export-html-with-timestamp'
`:publishing-directory'`org-export-publishing-directory'
`:preamble' `org-export-html-preamble'
`:postamble' `org-export-html-postamble'
`:auto-preamble' `org-export-html-auto-preamble'
`:auto-postamble' `org-export-html-auto-postamble'
`:author' `user-full-name'
`:email' `user-mail-address'
When a property is given a value in org-publish-project-alist, its
setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable (if any)
during publishing. options set within a file (*note Export options::),
however, override everything.

File: org, Node: Publishing links, Next: Project page index, Prev: Publishing options, Up: Configuration
11.1.6 Links between published files
------------------------------------
To create a link from one Org-mode file to another, you would use
something like `[[file:foo.org][The foo]]' or simply `file:foo.org.'
(*note Hyperlinks::). Upon publishing this link becomes a link to
`foo.html'. In this way, you can interlink the pages of your "org web"
project and the links will work as expected when you publish them to
HTML.
You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are
careful with relative pathnames, and provided you have also configured
org-publish to upload the related files, these links will work too.
*Note Complex example:: for an example of this usage.
Sometime an Org-mode file to be published may contain links that are
only valid in your production environment, but not in the publishing
location. In this case, use the property
`:link-validation-function' Function to validate links
to define a function for checking link validity. This function must
accept two arguments, the file name and a directory relative to which
the file name is interpreted in the production environment. If this
function returns `nil', then the HTML generator will only insert a
description into the HTML file, but no link. One option for this
function is `org-publish-validate-link' which checks if the given file
is part of any project in `org-publish-project-alist'.

File: org, Node: Project page index, Prev: Publishing links, Up: Configuration
11.1.7 Project page index
-------------------------
The following properties may be used to control publishing of an index
of files or summary page for a given project.
`:auto-index' When non-nil, publish an index during
org-publish-current-project or org-publish-all.
`:index-filename' Filename for output of index. Defaults to `index.org'
(which becomes `index.html').
`:index-title' Title of index page. Defaults to name of file.
`:index-function' Plugin function to use for generation of index.
Defaults to `org-publish-org-index', which generates
a plain list of links to all files in the project.

File: org, Node: Sample configuration, Next: Triggering publication, Prev: Configuration, Up: Publishing
11.2 Sample configuration
=========================
Below we provide two example configurations. The first one is a simple
project publishing only a set of Org-mode files. The second example is
more complex, with a multi-component project.
* Menu:
* Simple example:: One-component publishing
* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example

File: org, Node: Simple example, Next: Complex example, Prev: Sample configuration, Up: Sample configuration
11.2.1 Example: simple publishing configuration
-----------------------------------------------
This example publishes a set of Org-mode files to the `public_html'
directory on the local machine.
(setq org-publish-project-alist
'(("org"
:base-directory "~/org/"
:publishing-directory "~/public_html"
:section-numbers nil
:table-of-contents nil
:style "<link rel=stylesheet
href=\"../other/mystyle.css\"
type=\"text/css\">")))

File: org, Node: Complex example, Prev: Simple example, Up: Sample configuration
11.2.2 Example: complex publishing configuration
------------------------------------------------
This more complicated example publishes an entire website, including
org files converted to HTML, image files, emacs lisp source code, and
stylesheets. The publishing-directory is remote and private files are
excluded.
To ensure that links are preserved, care should be taken to replicate
your directory structure on the web server, and to use relative file
paths. For example, if your org files are kept in `~/org' and your
publishable images in `~/images', you'd link to an image with
file:../images/myimage.png
On the web server, the relative path to the image should be the
same. You can accomplish this by setting up an "images" folder in the
right place on the webserver, and publishing images to it.
(setq org-publish-project-alist
'(("orgfiles"
:base-directory "~/org/"
:base-extension "org"
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@host:~/html/notebook/"
:publishing-function org-publish-org-to-html
:exclude "PrivatePage.org" ;; regexp
:headline-levels 3
:section-numbers nil
:table-of-contents nil
:style "<link rel=stylesheet
href=\"../other/mystyle.css\" type=\"text/css\">"
:auto-preamble t
:auto-postamble nil)
("images"
:base-directory "~/images/"
:base-extension "jpg\\|gif\\|png"
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@host:~/html/images/"
:publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
("other"
:base-directory "~/other/"
:base-extension "css\\|el"
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@host:~/html/other/"
:publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
("website" :components ("orgfiles" "images" "other"))))

File: org, Node: Triggering publication, Prev: Sample configuration, Up: Publishing
11.3 Triggering publication
===========================
Once org-publish is properly configured, you can publish with the
following functions:
`C-c C-e c'
Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to
it.
`C-c C-e p'
Publish the project containing the current file.
`C-c C-e f'
Publish only the current file.
`C-c C-e a'
Publish all projects.
Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above
functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this and
force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument.

File: org, Node: Miscellaneous, Next: Extensions and Hacking, Prev: Publishing, Up: Top
12 Miscellaneous
****************
* Menu:
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly

File: org, Node: Completion, Next: Customization, Prev: Miscellaneous, Up: Miscellaneous
12.1 Completion
===============
Org-mode supports in-buffer completion. This type of completion does
not make use of the minibuffer. You simply type a few letters into the
buffer and use the key to complete text right there.
`M-<TAB>'
Complete word at point
* At the beginning of a headline, complete TODO keywords.
* After `\', complete TeX symbols supported by the exporter.
* After `*', complete headlines in the current buffer so that
they can be used in search links like `[[*find this
headline]]'.
* After `:', complete tags. The list of tags is taken from the
variable `org-tag-alist' (possibly set through the `#+TAGS'
in-buffer option, *note Setting tags::), or it is created
dynamically from all tags used in the current buffer.
* After `[', complete link abbreviations (*note Link
abbreviations::).
* After `#+', complete the special keywords like `TYP_TODO' or
`OPTIONS' which set file-specific options for Org-mode. When
the option keyword is already complete, pressing `M-<TAB>'
again will insert example settings for this keyword.
* In the line after `#+STARTUP: ', complete startup keywords,
i.e. valid keys for this line.
* Elsewhere, complete dictionary words using ispell.

File: org, Node: Customization, Next: In-buffer settings, Prev: Completion, Up: Miscellaneous
12.2 Customization
==================
There are more than 170 variables that can be used to customize
Org-mode. For the sake of compactness of the manual, I am not
describing the variables here. A structured overview of customization
variables is available with `M-x org-customize'. Or select `Browse Org
Group' from the `Org->Customization' menu. Many settings can also be
activated on a per-file basis, by putting special lines into the buffer
(*note In-buffer settings::).

File: org, Node: In-buffer settings, Next: The very busy C-c C-c key, Prev: Customization, Up: Miscellaneous
12.3 Summary of in-buffer settings
==================================
Org-mode uses special lines in the buffer to define settings on a
per-file basis. These lines start with a `#+' followed by a keyword, a
colon, and then individual words defining a setting. Several setting
words can be in the same line, but you can also have multiple lines for
the keyword. While these settings are described throughout the manual,
here is a summary. After changing any of those lines in the buffer,
press `C-c C-c' with the cursor still in the line to activate the
changes immediately. Otherwise they become effective only when the
file is visited again in a new Emacs session.
`#+STARTUP:'
This line sets options to be used at startup of org-mode, when an
Org-mode file is being visited. The first set of options deals
with the initial visibility of the outline tree. The
corresponding variable for global default settings is
`org-startup-folded', with a default value `t', which means
`overview'.
overview top-level headlines only
content all headlines
showall no folding at all, show everything
Then there are options for aligning tables upon visiting a file.
This is useful in files containing narrowed table columns. The
corresponding variable is `org-startup-align-all-tables', with a
default value `nil'.
align align all tables
noalign don't align tables on startup
Logging TODO state changes and clock intervals (variable
`org-log-done') can be configured using these options.
logging record a timestamp when an item is marked DONE
nologging don't record when items are marked DONE
lognotedone record timestamp and a note when DONE
lognotestate record timestamp, note when TODO state changes
lognoteclock-out record timestamp and a note when clocking out
Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline headings.
The corresponding variables are `org-hide-leading-stars' and
`org-odd-levels-only', both with a default setting `nil' (meaning
`showstars' and `oddeven').
hidestars make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible.
showstars show all stars starting a headline
odd allow only odd outline levels (1,3,...)
oddeven allow all outline levels
To turn on custom format overlays over time stamps (variables
`org-put-time-stamp-overlays' and
`org-time-stamp-overlay-formats'), use
customtime overlay custom time format
`#+SEQ_TODO: #+TYP_TODO:'
These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the
current file. The corresponding variables are `org-todo-keywords'
and `org-todo-interpretation'.
`#+TAGS: TAG1(c1) TAG2(c2)'
These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the legal
tags in this file, and (potentially) the corresponding _fast tag
selection_ keys. The corresponding variable is `org-tag-alist'.
`#+LINK: linkword replace'
These lines (several are allowed) specify link abbreviations.
*Note Link abbreviations::. The corresponding variable is
`org-link-abbrev-alist'.
`#+CATEGORY:'
This line sets the category for the agenda file. The category
applies for all subsequent lines until the next `#+CATEGORY' line,
or the end of the file. The first such line also applies to any
entries before it.
`#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::'
This line sets the archive location for the agenda file. It
applies for all subsequent lines until the next `#+CATEGORY' line,
or the end of the file. The first such line also applies to any
entries before it. The corresponding variable is
`org-archive-location'.
`#+TBLFM:'
This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the
line.
`#+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+TEXT:, #+OPTIONS:'
These lines provide settings for exporting files. For more
details see *Note Export options::.

File: org, Node: The very busy C-c C-c key, Next: Clean view, Prev: In-buffer settings, Up: Miscellaneous
12.4 The very busy C-c C-c key
==============================
The key `C-c C-c' has many purposes in org-mode, which are all
mentioned scattered throughout this manual. One specific function of
this key is to add _tags_ to a headline (*note Tags::). In many other
circumstances it means something like _Hey Org-mode, look here and
update according to what you see here_. Here is a summary of what this
means in different contexts.
- If there are highlights in the buffer from the creation of a sparse
tree, or from clock display, remove these highlights.
- If the cursor is in one of the special `#+KEYWORD' lines, this
triggers scanning the buffer for these lines and updating the
information.
- If the cursor is inside a table, realign the table. This command
works even if the automatic table editor has been turned off.
- If the cursor is on a `#+TBLFM' line, re-apply the formulas to the
entire table.
- If the cursor is inside a table created by the `table.el' package,
activate that table.
- If the current buffer is a remember buffer, close the note and
file it. With a prefix argument, file it, without further
interaction, to the default location.
- If the cursor is on a `<<<target>>>', update radio targets and
corresponding links in this buffer.
- If the cursor is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the
status of the checkbox.
- If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
ordered list.

File: org, Node: Clean view, Next: TTY keys, Prev: The very busy C-c C-c key, Up: Miscellaneous
12.5 A cleaner outline view
===========================
Some people find it noisy and distracting that the Org-mode headlines
are starting with a potentially large number of stars. For example the
tree from *Note Headlines:::
* Top level headline
** Second level
*** 3rd level
some text
*** 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
Unfortunately this is deeply ingrained into the code of Org-mode and
cannot be easily changed. You can, however, modify the display in such
a way that all leading stars become invisible and the outline more easy
to read. To do this, customize the variable `org-hide-leading-stars'
like this:
(setq org-hide-leading-stars t)
or change this on a per-file basis with one of the lines (anywhere in
the buffer)
#+STARTUP: showstars
#+STARTUP: hidestars
Press `C-c C-c' with the cursor in a `STARTUP' line to activate the
modifications.
With stars hidden, the tree becomes:
* Top level headline
* Second level
* 3rd level
some text
* 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
Note that the leading stars are not truly replaced by whitespace, they
are only fontified with the face `org-hide' that uses the background
color as font color. If you are not using either white or black
background, you may have to customize this face to get the wanted
effect. Another possibility is to set this font such that the extra
stars are almost invisible, for example using the color `grey90' on a
white background.
Things become cleaner still if you skip all the even levels and use
only odd levels 1, 3, 5..., effectively adding two stars to go from one
outline level to the next:
* Top level headline
* Second level
* 3rd level
some text
* 3rd level
more text
* Another top level headline
In order to make the structure editing and export commands handle this
convention correctly, use
(setq org-odd-levels-only t)
or set this on a per-file basis with one of the following lines (don't
forget to press `C-c C-c' with the cursor in the startup line to
activate changes immediately).
#+STARTUP: odd
#+STARTUP: oddeven
You can convert an Org-mode file from single-star-per-level to the
double-star-per-level convention with `M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels
RET' in that file. The reverse operation is `M-x
org-convert-to-oddeven-levels'.

File: org, Node: TTY keys, Next: Interaction, Prev: Clean view, Up: Miscellaneous
12.6 Using org-mode on a tty
============================
Org-mode uses a number of keys that are not accessible on a tty. This
applies to most special keys like cursor keys, <TAB> and <RET>, when
these are combined with modifier keys like <Meta> and/or <Shift>.
Org-mode uses these bindings because it needs to provide keys for a
large number of commands, and because these keys appeared particularly
easy to remember. In order to still be able to access the core
functionality of Org-mode on a tty, alternative bindings are provided.
Here is a complete list of these bindings, which are obviously more
cumbersome to use. Note that sometimes a work-around can be better.
For example changing a time stamp is really only fun with `S-<cursor>'
keys. On a tty you would rather use `C-c .' to re-insert the
timestamp.
Default Alternative 1 Alternative 2
`S-<TAB>' `C-u <TAB>'
`M-<left>' `C-c C-x l' `<Esc> <left>'
`M-S-<left>'`C-c C-x L'
`M-<right>' `C-c C-x r' `<Esc>
<right>'
`M-S-<right>'`C-c C-x R'
`M-<up>' `C-c C-x u' `<Esc> <up>'
`M-S-<up>' `C-c C-x U'
`M-<down>' `C-c C-x d' `<Esc> <down>'
`M-S-<down>'`C-c C-x D'
`S-<RET>' `C-c C-x c'
`M-<RET>' `C-c C-x m' `<Esc> <RET>'
`M-S-<RET>' `C-c C-x M'
`S-<left>' `C-c C-x
<left>'
`S-<right>' `C-c C-x
<right>'
`S-<up>' `C-c C-x
<up>'
`S-<down>' `C-c C-x
<down>'

File: org, Node: Interaction, Next: Bugs, Prev: TTY keys, Up: Miscellaneous
12.7 Interaction with other packages
====================================
Org-mode lives in the world of GNU Emacs and interacts in various ways
with other code out there.
* Menu:
* Cooperation:: Packages Org-mode cooperates with
* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts

File: org, Node: Cooperation, Next: Conflicts, Prev: Interaction, Up: Interaction
12.7.1 Packages that Org-mode cooperates with
---------------------------------------------
`calc.el' by Dave Gillespie
Org-mode uses the calc package for implementing spreadsheet
functionality in its tables (*note The spreadsheet::). Org-modes
checks for the availability of calc by looking for the function
`calc-eval' which should be autoloaded in your setup if calc has
been installed properly. As of Emacs 22, calc is part of the Emacs
distribution. Another possibility for interaction between the two
packages is using calc for embedded calculations. *Note Embedded
Mode: (calc)Embedded Mode.
`constants.el' by Carsten Dominik
In a table formula (*note The spreadsheet::), it is possible to use
names for natural constants or units. Instead of defining your own
constants in the variable `org-table-formula-constants', install
the `constants' package which defines a large number of constants
and units, and lets you use unit prefixes like `M' for `Mega' etc.
You will need version 2.0 of this package, available at
`http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools'. Org-mode checks for the
function `constants-get', which has to be autoloaded in your
setup. See the installation instructions in the file
`constants.el'.
`cdlatex.el' by Carsten Dominik
Org-mode can make use of the cdlatex package to efficiently enter
LaTeX fragments into Org-mode files. See *Note CDLaTeX mode::.
`remember.el' by John Wiegley
Org mode cooperates with remember, see *Note Remember::.
`Remember.el' is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
`table.el' by Takaaki Ota
Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and
row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table
package by Takaaki Ota (`http://sourceforge.net/projects/table',
and also part of Emacs 22). When <TAB> or `C-c C-c' is pressed in
such a table, Org-mode will call `table-recognize-table' and move
the cursor into the table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode
is inactive. In order to execute Org-mode-related commands, leave
the table.
`C-c C-c'
Recognize `table.el' table. Works when the cursor is in a
table.el table.
`C-c ~'
Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at
point, this command converts it between the table.el format
and the Org-mode format. See the documentation string of the
command `org-convert-table' for the restrictions under which
this is possible.
`table.el' is part of Emacs 22.

File: org, Node: Conflicts, Prev: Cooperation, Up: Interaction
12.7.2 Packages that lead to conflicts with Org-mode
----------------------------------------------------
`allout.el' by Ken Manheimer
Startup of Org-mode may fail with the error message
`(wrong-type-argument keymapp nil)' when there is an outdated
version `allout.el' on the load path, for example the version
distributed with Emacs 21.x. Upgrade to Emacs 22 and this problem
will disappear. If for some reason you cannot do this, make sure
that org.el is loaded _before_ `allout.el', for example by putting
`(require 'org)' early enough into your `.emacs' file.
`CUA.el' by Kim. F. Storm
Keybindings in Org-mode conflict with the `S-<cursor>' keys used
by CUA-mode (as well as pc-select-mode and s-region-mode) to
select and extend the region. If you want to use one of these
packages along with Org-mode, configure the variable
`org-CUA-compatible'. When set, Org-mode will move the following
keybindings in org-mode files, and in the agenda buffer (but not
during date selection).
S-UP -> M-p S-DOWN -> M-n
S-LEFT -> M-- S-RIGHT -> M-+
S-RET -> C-S-RET
Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you
want to have other replacement keys, look at the variable
`org-disputed-keys'.
`windmove.el' by Hovav Shacham
Also this package uses the `S-<cursor>' keys, so everything written
in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here.

File: org, Node: Bugs, Prev: Interaction, Up: Miscellaneous
12.8 Bugs
=========
Here is a list of things that should work differently, but which I have
found too hard to fix.
* If a table field starts with a link, and if the corresponding table
column is narrowed (*note Narrow columns::) to a width too small to
display the link, the field would look entirely empty even though
it is not. To prevent this, Org-mode throws an error. The
work-around is to make the column wide enough to fit the link, or
to add some text (at least 2 characters) before the link in the
same field.
* Narrowing table columns does not work on XEmacs, because the
`format' function does not transport text properties.
* Text in an entry protected with the `QUOTE' keyword should not
autowrap.
* When the application called by `C-c C-o' to open a file link fails
(for example because the application does not exist or refuses to
open the file), it does so silently. No error message is
displayed.
* Recalculating a table line applies the formulas from left to right.
If a formula uses _calculated_ fields further down the row,
multiple recalculation may be needed to get all fields consistent.
* A single letter cannot be made bold, for example `*a*'.
* The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.

File: org, Node: Extensions and Hacking, Next: History and Acknowledgments, Prev: Miscellaneous, Up: Top
Appendix A Extensions, Hooks and Hacking
****************************************
This appendix lists extensions for Org-mode written by other authors.
It also covers some aspects where users can extend the functionality of
Org-mode.
* Menu:
* Extensions:: Existing 3rd-part extensions
* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
* Special agenda views::

File: org, Node: Extensions, Next: Dynamic blocks, Prev: Extensions and Hacking, Up: Extensions and Hacking
A.1 Third-party extensions for Org-mode
=======================================
The following extensions for Org-mode have been written by other people:
`org-publish.el' by David O'Toole
This package provides facilities for publishing related sets of
Org-mode files together with linked files like images as a
webpages. It is highly configurable and can be used for other
publishing purposes as well. As of Org-mode version 4.30,
`org-publish.el' is part of the Org-mode distribution. It is not
yet part of Emacs, however, a delay caused by the preparations for
the 22.1 release. In the mean time, `org-publish.el' can be
downloaded from David's site:
`http://dto.freeshell.org/e/org-publish.el'.
`org-mouse.el' by Piotr Zielinski
This package implements extended mouse functionality for Org-mode.
It allows you to cycle visibility and to edit the document
structure with the mouse. Best of all, it provides a
context-sensitive menu on <mouse-3> that changes depending on the
context of a mouse-click. As of Org-mode version 4.53,
`org-mouse.el' is part of the Org-mode distribution. It is not
yet part of Emacs, however, a delay caused by the preparations for
the 22.1 release. In the mean time, `org-mouse.el' can be
downloaded from Piotr's site:
`http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pz215/files/org-mouse.el'.
`org-blog.el' by David O'Toole
A blogging plug-in for `org-publish.el'.
`http://dto.freeshell.org/notebook/OrgMode.html'.
`blorg.el' by Bastien Guerry
Publish Org-mode files as blogs.
`http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/blorg.html'.
`org2rem.el' by Bastien Guerry
Translates Org-mode files into something readable by Remind.
`http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org2rem.el'.

File: org, Node: Dynamic blocks, Next: Special agenda views, Prev: Extensions, Up: Extensions and Hacking
A.2 Dynamic blocks
==================
Org-mode documents can contain _dynamic blocks_. These are specially
marked regions that are updated by some user-written function. A good
example for such a block is the clock table inserted by the command
`C-c C-x C-r' (*note Clocking work time::).
Dynamic block are enclosed by a BEGIN-END structure that assigns a
name to the block and can also specify parameters for the function
producing the content of the block.
#+BEGIN: myblock :parameter1 value1 :parameter2 value2 ...
#+END:
Dynamic blocks are updated with the following commands
`C-c C-x C-u'
Update dynamic block at point.
`C-u C-c C-x C-u'
Update all dynamic blocks in the current file.
Updating a dynamic block means to remove all the text between BEGIN
and END, parse the BEGIN line for parameters and then call the specific
writer function for this block to insert the new content. For a block
with name `myblock', the writer function is `org-dblock-write:myblock'
with as only parameter a property list with the parameters given in the
begin line. Here is a trivial example of a block that keeps track of
when the block update function was last run:
#+BEGIN: block-update-time :format "on %m/%d/%Y at %H:%M"
#+END:
The corresponding block writer function could look like this:
(defun org-dblock-write:block-update-time (params)
(let ((fmt (or (plist-get params :format) "%d. %m. %Y")))
(insert "Last block update at: "
(format-time-string fmt (current-time)))))
If you want to make sure that all dynamic blocks are always
up-to-date, you could add the function `org-update-all-dblocks' to a
hook, for example `before-save-hook'. `org-update-all-dblocks' is
written in a way that is does nothing in buffers that are not in
Org-mode.

File: org, Node: Special agenda views, Prev: Dynamic blocks, Up: Extensions and Hacking
A.3 Special Agenda Views
========================
Org-mode provides a special hook that can be used to narrow down the
selection made by any of the agenda views. You may specify a function
that is used at each match to verify if the match should indeed be part
of the agenda view, and if not, how much should be skipped.
Let's say you want to produce a list of projects that contain a
WAITING tag anywhere in the project tree. Let's further assume that
you have marked all tree headings that define a project with the todo
keyword PROJECT. In this case you would run a todo search for the
keyword PROJECT, but skip the match unless there is a WAITING tag
anywhere in the subtree belonging to the project line.
To achieve this, you must write a function that searches the subtree
for the tag. If the tag is found, the function must return `nil' to
indicate that this match should not be skipped. If there is no such
tag, return the location of the end of the subtree, to indicate that
search should continue from there.
(defun my-skip-unless-waiting ()
"Skip trees that are not waiting"
(let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t))))
(if (re-search-forward ":WAITING:" subtree-end t)
nil ; tag found, do not skip
subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree
Furthermore you must write a command that uses `let' to temporarily
put this function into the variable `org-agenda-skip-function', sets
the header string for the agenda buffer, and calls the todo-list
generator while asking for the specific TODO keyword PROJECT. The
function must also accept one argument MATCH, but it can choose to
ignore it(1) (as we do in the example below). Here is the example:
(defun my-org-waiting-projects (&optional match)
"Produce a list of projects that contain a WAITING tag.
MATCH is being ignored."
(interactive)
(let ((org-agenda-skip-function 'my-skip-unless-waiting)
(org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))
;; make the list
(org-todo-list "PROJECT")))
---------- Footnotes ----------
(1) MATCH must be present in case you want to define a custom
command for producing this special list. Custom commands always supply
the MATCH argument, but it can be empty if you do not specify it while
defining the command(*note Custom agenda views::).

File: org, Node: History and Acknowledgments, Next: Index, Prev: Extensions and Hacking, Up: Top
Appendix B History and Acknowledgments
**************************************
Org-mode was borne in 2003, out of frustration over the user interface
of the Emacs outline-mode. All I wanted was to make working with an
outline tree possible without having to remember more than 10 commands
just for hiding and unhiding parts of the outline tree, and to allow to
restructure a tree easily. Visibility cycling and structure editing
were originally implemented in the package `outline-magic.el', but
quickly moved to the more general `org.el'. TODO entries, basic time
stamps, and table support were added next, and highlight the two main
goals that Org-mode still has today: To create a new, outline-based,
plain text mode with innovative and intuitive editing features, and to
incorporate project planning functionality directly into a notes file.
Since the first release, hundreds of emails to me or on
`emacs-orgmode@gnu.org' have provided a constant stream of bug reports,
feedback, new ideas, and sometimes patches and add-on code. Many
thanks to everyone who has helped to improve this package. I am trying
to keep here a list of the people who had significant influence in
shaping one or more aspects of Org-mode. The list may not be complete,
if I have forgotten someone, please accept my apologies and let me know.
* Thomas Baumann contributed the code for links to the MH-E email
system.
* Alex Bochannek provided a patch for rounding time stamps.
* Charles Cave's suggestion sparked the implementation of templates
for Remember.
* Pavel Chalmoviansky influenced the agenda treatment of items with
specified time.
* Gregory Chernov patched support for lisp forms into table
calculations and improved XEmacs compatibility, in particular by
porting `nouline.el' to XEmacs.
* Sacha Chua suggested to copy some linking code from Planner.
* Eddward DeVilla proposed and tested checkbox statistics.
* Kees Dullemond inspired the use of narrowed tabled columns.
* Christian Egli converted the documentation into TeXInfo format,
patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, and inspired the
agenda.
* Nic Ferrier contributed mailcap and XOXO support.
* John Foerch figured out how to make incremental search show context
around a match in a hidden outline tree.
* Niels Giessen had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees.
* Bastien Guerry provided extensive feedback and some patches, and
translated David O'Toole's tutorial into French.
* Kai Grossjohann pointed out key-binding conflicts with other
packages.
* Shidai Liu ("Leo") provided extensive feedback and some patches.
* Leon Liu asked for embedded LaTeX and tested it.
* Stefan Monnier provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
happy.
* Todd Neal provided patches for links to Info files and elisp forms.
* Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for general
file links, and TAGS.
* Takeshi Okano translated the manual and David O'Toole's tutorial
into Japanese.
* Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items.
* Scott Otterson sparked the introduction of descriptive text for
links, among other things.
* Pete Phillips helped during the development of the TAGS feature,
and provided frequent feedback.
* T.V. Raman reported bugs and suggested improvements.
* Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality
control.
* Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
* Frank Ruell solved the mystery of the `keymapp nil' bug, a
conflict with `allout.el'.
* Jason Riedy sent a patch to fix a bug with export of TODO keywords.
* Philip Rooke created the Org-mode reference card and provided lots
of feedback.
* Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among
other things.
* Linking to VM/BBDB/GNUS was inspired by Tom Shannon's
`organizer-mode.el'.
* Daniel Sinder came up with the idea of internal archiving by
locking subtrees.
* Dale Smith proposed link abbreviations.
* David O'Toole wrote `org-publish.el' and drafted the manual
chapter about publishing.
* Ju"rgen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents
in HTML output.
* Chris Wallace provided a patch implementing the `QUOTE' keyword.
* David Wainberg suggested archiving, and improvements to the linking
system.
* John Wiegley wrote `emacs-wiki.el' and `planner.el'. The
development of Org-mode was fully independent, and both systems are
really different beasts in their basic ideas and implementation
details. I later looked at John's code, however, and learned from
his implementation of (i) links where the link itself is hidden
and only a description is shown, and (ii) popping up a calendar to
select a date.
* Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in
linking to GNUS.
* Roland Winkler requested additional keybindings to make Org-mode
work on a tty.
* Piotr Zielinski wrote `org-mouse.el', proposed agenda blocks and
contributed various ideas and code snippets.

File: org, Node: Index, Next: Key Index, Prev: History and Acknowledgments, Up: Top
Index
*****
[index]
* Menu:
* abbreviation, links: Link abbreviations. (line 6)
* acknowledgments: History and Acknowledgments.
(line 6)
* action, for publishing: Publishing action. (line 6)
* activation: Activation. (line 6)
* active region <1>: Export commands. (line 6)
* active region <2>: ASCII export. (line 9)
* active region <3>: Built-in table editor.
(line 141)
* active region: Structure editing. (line 64)
* agenda: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 6)
* agenda dispatcher: Agenda dispatcher. (line 6)
* agenda files: Agenda files. (line 6)
* agenda files, removing buffers: Agenda commands. (line 230)
* agenda views: Agenda views. (line 6)
* agenda views, custom: Custom agenda views. (line 6)
* agenda, batch production: Batch processing. (line 6)
* agenda, with block views: Block agenda. (line 6)
* align, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 29)
* allout.el: Conflicts. (line 6)
* angular brackets, around links: External links. (line 43)
* applescript, for calendar update: iCalendar export. (line 38)
* archive locations: Moving subtrees. (line 21)
* archiving: Archiving. (line 6)
* ASCII export: ASCII export. (line 6)
* author: Feedback. (line 6)
* autoload: Activation. (line 6)
* backtrace of an error: Feedback. (line 27)
* BBDB links: External links. (line 6)
* block agenda: Block agenda. (line 6)
* blorg.el: Extensions. (line 33)
* bold text: Enhancing text. (line 15)
* Boolean logic, for tag searches: Tag searches. (line 23)
* bug reports: Feedback. (line 6)
* bugs: Bugs. (line 6)
* C-c C-c, overview: The very busy C-c C-c key.
(line 6)
* calc package: The spreadsheet. (line 6)
* calc.el: Cooperation. (line 6)
* calculations, in tables <1>: The spreadsheet. (line 6)
* calculations, in tables: Built-in table editor.
(line 141)
* calendar commands, from agenda: Agenda commands. (line 191)
* calendar integration: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 24)
* calendar, for selecting date: The date/time prompt.
(line 26)
* CamelCase link completion: Completion. (line 6)
* CamelCase links: Internal links. (line 6)
* CamelCase links, completion of: CamelCase links. (line 6)
* category: Categories. (line 6)
* CDLaTeX: CDLaTeX mode. (line 6)
* cdlatex.el: Cooperation. (line 29)
* checkbox statistics: Checkboxes. (line 23)
* checkboxes: Checkboxes. (line 6)
* children, subtree visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* clean outline view: Clean view. (line 6)
* CLOCK keyword: Time stamps. (line 71)
* CLOSED keyword: Time stamps. (line 65)
* column formula: Column formulas. (line 6)
* commands, in agenda buffer: Agenda commands. (line 6)
* comment lines: Comment lines. (line 6)
* completion, of CamelCase links <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of CamelCase links: CamelCase links. (line 6)
* completion, of dictionary words: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of file names: Handling links. (line 45)
* completion, of link abbreviations: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of links: Handling links. (line 27)
* completion, of option keywords <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of option keywords: Export options. (line 6)
* Completion, of option keywords: Per file keywords. (line 17)
* completion, of tags <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of tags: Setting tags. (line 11)
* completion, of TeX symbols: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of TODO keywords <1>: Completion. (line 6)
* completion, of TODO keywords: Workflow states. (line 12)
* constants, in calculations: References. (line 65)
* constants.el: Cooperation. (line 14)
* content, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 22)
* contents, global visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 22)
* copying, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* creating timestamps: Creating timestamps. (line 6)
* CUA.el: Conflicts. (line 15)
* custom agenda views: Custom agenda views. (line 6)
* custom date/time format: Custom time format. (line 6)
* custom search strings: Custom searches. (line 6)
* customization: Customization. (line 6)
* customtime, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 49)
* cutting, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* cycling, of TODO states: TODO basics. (line 13)
* cycling, visibility: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* daily agenda: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 6)
* date format, custom: Custom time format. (line 6)
* date stamps <1>: Time stamps. (line 6)
* date stamps: Timestamps. (line 6)
* date, reading in minibuffer: The date/time prompt.
(line 6)
* DEADLINE keyword: Time stamps. (line 53)
* deadlines: Time stamps. (line 6)
* Deadlines, repeating: Repeating items. (line 6)
* debugging, of table formulas: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 60)
* demotion, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* diary entries, creating from agenda: Agenda commands. (line 198)
* diary integration: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 24)
* dictionary word completion: Completion. (line 6)
* directories, for publishing: Sources and destinations.
(line 6)
* dispatching agenda commands: Agenda dispatcher. (line 6)
* display changing, in agenda: Agenda commands. (line 65)
* document structure: Document structure. (line 6)
* DONE, final TODO keyword: Per file keywords. (line 20)
* editing tables: Tables. (line 6)
* editing, of table formulas: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 6)
* elisp links: External links. (line 6)
* emphasized text: Export options. (line 25)
* enhancing text: Enhancing text. (line 6)
* evaluate time range: Creating timestamps. (line 66)
* even, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 42)
* exporting: Exporting. (line 6)
* exporting, not: Comment lines. (line 6)
* extended TODO keywords: TODO extensions. (line 6)
* external archiving: Moving subtrees. (line 6)
* external links: External links. (line 6)
* external links, in HTML export: Links. (line 6)
* FAQ: Summary. (line 52)
* feedback: Feedback. (line 6)
* field formula: Field formulas. (line 6)
* field references: References. (line 14)
* file links: External links. (line 6)
* file links, searching: Search options. (line 6)
* file name completion: Handling links. (line 45)
* files for agenda: Agenda files. (line 6)
* files, adding to agenda list: Agenda files. (line 12)
* files, selecting for publishing: Selecting files. (line 6)
* fixed width: Enhancing text. (line 25)
* fixed-width sections: Export options. (line 25)
* folded, subtree visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* folding, sparse trees: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* following links: Handling links. (line 60)
* format specifier: Formula syntax for Calc.
(line 15)
* format, of links: Link format. (line 6)
* formula debugging: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 60)
* formula editing: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 6)
* formula syntax, Calc: Formula syntax for Calc.
(line 6)
* formula, for individual table field: Field formulas. (line 6)
* formula, for table column: Column formulas. (line 6)
* formula, in tables: Built-in table editor.
(line 141)
* global cycling: Visibility cycling. (line 22)
* global keybindings: Activation. (line 6)
* global TODO list: Global TODO list. (line 6)
* global visibility states: Visibility cycling. (line 22)
* GNUS links: External links. (line 6)
* hand-formatted lists: Enhancing text. (line 11)
* headline levels: Export options. (line 25)
* headline levels, for exporting <1>: Export commands. (line 17)
* headline levels, for exporting: ASCII export. (line 18)
* headline navigation: Motion. (line 6)
* headline tagging: Tags. (line 6)
* headline, promotion and demotion: Structure editing. (line 6)
* headlines: Headlines. (line 6)
* hide text: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* hidestars, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 42)
* hiding leading stars: Clean view. (line 6)
* history: History and Acknowledgments.
(line 6)
* HTML export: HTML export. (line 6)
* hyperlinks: Hyperlinks. (line 6)
* iCalendar export: iCalendar export. (line 6)
* images, inline in HTML: Images. (line 6)
* in-buffer settings: In-buffer settings. (line 6)
* inactive timestamp: Time stamps. (line 24)
* index, of published pages: Project page index. (line 6)
* Info links: External links. (line 6)
* inheritance, of tags: Tag inheritance. (line 6)
* inlining images in HTML: Images. (line 6)
* inserting links: Handling links. (line 27)
* installation: Installation. (line 6)
* internal archiving: ARCHIVE tag. (line 6)
* internal links: Internal links. (line 6)
* internal links, in HTML export: Links. (line 6)
* introduction: Introduction. (line 6)
* italic text: Enhancing text. (line 15)
* jumping, to headlines: Motion. (line 6)
* keybindings, global: Activation. (line 6)
* keyword options: Per file keywords. (line 6)
* LaTeX fragments <1>: Export options. (line 25)
* LaTeX fragments: LaTeX fragments. (line 6)
* LaTeX fragments, export: Enhancing text. (line 18)
* LaTeX fragments, preview: Processing LaTeX fragments.
(line 6)
* LaTeX interpretation: Embedded LaTeX. (line 6)
* level, require for tags match: Tag searches. (line 68)
* linebreak preservation: Export options. (line 25)
* linebreak, forced: Enhancing text. (line 32)
* link abbreviations: Link abbreviations. (line 6)
* link abbreviations, completion of: Completion. (line 6)
* link completion: Handling links. (line 27)
* link format: Link format. (line 6)
* links, external: External links. (line 6)
* links, handling: Handling links. (line 6)
* links, in HTML export: Links. (line 6)
* links, internal: Internal links. (line 6)
* links, publishing: Publishing links. (line 6)
* links, radio targets: Radio targets. (line 6)
* links, returning to: Handling links. (line 87)
* Lisp forms, as table formulas: Formula syntax for Lisp.
(line 6)
* lists, hand-formatted: Enhancing text. (line 11)
* lists, ordered: Plain lists. (line 6)
* lists, plain: Plain lists. (line 6)
* logdone, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 33)
* logging, of progress: Progress logging. (line 6)
* lognoteclock-out, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 33)
* lognotedone, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 33)
* lognotestate, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 33)
* maintainer: Feedback. (line 6)
* mark ring: Handling links. (line 83)
* marking characters, tables: Advanced features. (line 40)
* matching, of tags: Matching headline tags.
(line 6)
* matching, tags: Tags. (line 6)
* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 6)
* MH-E links: External links. (line 6)
* minor mode for tables: orgtbl-mode. (line 6)
* mode, for calc: Formula syntax for Calc.
(line 15)
* motion commands in agenda: Agenda commands. (line 19)
* motion, between headlines: Motion. (line 6)
* name, of column or field: References. (line 65)
* named references: References. (line 65)
* names as TODO keywords: TODO types. (line 6)
* narrow columns in tables: Narrow columns. (line 6)
* noalign, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 29)
* nologging, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 33)
* occur, command: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* odd, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 42)
* option keyword completion: Completion. (line 6)
* options, for custom agenda views: Setting Options. (line 6)
* options, for customization: Customization. (line 6)
* options, for export: Export options. (line 6)
* options, for publishing: Publishing options. (line 6)
* ordered lists: Plain lists. (line 6)
* org-agenda, command: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 9)
* org-blog.el: Extensions. (line 29)
* org-mode, turning on: Activation. (line 22)
* org-mouse.el: Extensions. (line 17)
* org-publish-project-alist: Project alist. (line 6)
* org-publish.el: Extensions. (line 8)
* org2rem.el: Extensions. (line 37)
* orgtbl-mode: orgtbl-mode. (line 6)
* outline tree: Headlines. (line 6)
* outline-mode: Outlines. (line 6)
* outlines: Outlines. (line 6)
* overview, global visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 22)
* overview, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 22)
* packages, interaction with other: Interaction. (line 6)
* pasting, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* per file keywords: Per file keywords. (line 6)
* plain lists: Plain lists. (line 6)
* plain text external links: External links. (line 43)
* presentation, of agenda items: Presentation and sorting.
(line 6)
* printing sparse trees: Sparse trees. (line 41)
* priorities: Priorities. (line 6)
* priorities, of agenda items: Sorting of agenda items.
(line 6)
* progress logging: Progress logging. (line 6)
* projects, for publishing: Project alist. (line 6)
* promotion, of subtrees: Structure editing. (line 6)
* publishing: Publishing. (line 6)
* quoted HTML tags: Export options. (line 25)
* radio targets: Radio targets. (line 6)
* range references: References. (line 44)
* ranges, time: Time stamps. (line 6)
* recomputing table fields: Updating the table. (line 6)
* references: References. (line 6)
* references, named: References. (line 65)
* references, to fields: References. (line 14)
* references, to ranges: References. (line 44)
* region, active <1>: Export commands. (line 6)
* region, active <2>: ASCII export. (line 9)
* region, active <3>: Built-in table editor.
(line 141)
* region, active: Structure editing. (line 64)
* regular expressions, with tags search: Tag searches. (line 63)
* remember.el <1>: Cooperation. (line 33)
* remember.el: Remember. (line 6)
* remote editing, from agenda: Agenda commands. (line 106)
* remote editing, undo: Agenda commands. (line 109)
* richer text: Enhancing text. (line 6)
* RMAIL links: External links. (line 6)
* SCHEDULED keyword: Time stamps. (line 40)
* scheduling: Time stamps. (line 6)
* Scheduling, repeating: Repeating items. (line 6)
* search option in file links: Search options. (line 6)
* search strings, custom: Custom searches. (line 6)
* searching for tags: Tag searches. (line 6)
* section-numbers: Export options. (line 25)
* setting tags: Setting tags. (line 6)
* SHELL links: External links. (line 6)
* show all, command: Visibility cycling. (line 31)
* show all, global visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 22)
* show hidden text: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* showall, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 22)
* showstars, STARTUP keyword: In-buffer settings. (line 42)
* sorting, of agenda items: Sorting of agenda items.
(line 6)
* sparse tree, for deadlines: Creating timestamps. (line 41)
* sparse tree, for TODO: TODO basics. (line 26)
* sparse tree, tag based: Tags. (line 6)
* sparse trees: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* special keywords: In-buffer settings. (line 6)
* spreadsheet capabilities: The spreadsheet. (line 6)
* statistics, for checkboxes: Checkboxes. (line 23)
* storing links: Handling links. (line 9)
* structure editing: Structure editing. (line 6)
* structure of document: Document structure. (line 6)
* sublevels, inclusion into tags match: Tag inheritance. (line 6)
* sublevels, inclusion into todo list: Global TODO list. (line 33)
* subscript: Subscripts and Superscripts.
(line 6)
* subtree cycling: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* subtree visibility states: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* subtree, cut and paste: Structure editing. (line 6)
* subtree, subtree visibility state: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* subtrees, cut and paste: Structure editing. (line 6)
* summary: Summary. (line 6)
* superscript: Subscripts and Superscripts.
(line 6)
* syntax, of formulas: Formula syntax for Calc.
(line 6)
* table editor, builtin: Built-in table editor.
(line 6)
* table editor, table.el: Cooperation. (line 37)
* table of contents: Export options. (line 25)
* table.el: Cooperation. (line 34)
* tables <1>: Export options. (line 25)
* tables: Tables. (line 6)
* tables, export: Enhancing text. (line 21)
* tag completion: Completion. (line 6)
* tag searches: Tag searches. (line 6)
* tags: Tags. (line 6)
* tags view: Matching headline tags.
(line 6)
* tags, setting: Setting tags. (line 6)
* targets, for links: Internal links. (line 6)
* targets, radio: Radio targets. (line 6)
* tasks, breaking down: Breaking down tasks. (line 6)
* templates, for remember: Remember. (line 23)
* TeX interpretation: Embedded LaTeX. (line 6)
* TeX macros <1>: Export options. (line 25)
* TeX macros: Math symbols. (line 6)
* TeX macros, export: Enhancing text. (line 18)
* TeX symbol completion: Completion. (line 6)
* TeX-like syntax for sub- and superscripts: Export options. (line 25)
* thanks: History and Acknowledgments.
(line 6)
* time format, custom: Custom time format. (line 6)
* time grid: Time-of-day specifications.
(line 26)
* time stamps <1>: Time stamps. (line 6)
* time stamps: Timestamps. (line 6)
* time, reading in minibuffer: The date/time prompt.
(line 6)
* time-of-day specification: Time-of-day specifications.
(line 6)
* time-sorted view: Timeline. (line 6)
* timeline, single file: Timeline. (line 6)
* timerange: Time stamps. (line 31)
* timestamp: Time stamps. (line 14)
* timestamp, inactive: Time stamps. (line 24)
* timestamps, creating: Creating timestamps. (line 6)
* TODO items: TODO items. (line 6)
* TODO items, repeating: Repeating items. (line 6)
* TODO keyword matching: Global TODO list. (line 17)
* TODO keyword matching, with tags search: Tag searches. (line 40)
* TODO keywords completion: Completion. (line 6)
* TODO list, global: Global TODO list. (line 6)
* TODO types: TODO types. (line 6)
* TODO workflow: Workflow states. (line 6)
* transient-mark-mode <1>: Export commands. (line 6)
* transient-mark-mode <2>: ASCII export. (line 9)
* transient-mark-mode <3>: Built-in table editor.
(line 141)
* transient-mark-mode: Structure editing. (line 64)
* trees, sparse: Sparse trees. (line 6)
* trees, visibility: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* tty keybindings: TTY keys. (line 6)
* types as TODO keywords: TODO types. (line 6)
* underlined text: Enhancing text. (line 15)
* undoing remote-editing events: Agenda commands. (line 109)
* updating, table: Updating the table. (line 6)
* URL links: External links. (line 6)
* USENET links: External links. (line 6)
* variables, for customization: Customization. (line 6)
* vectors, in table calculations: Formula syntax for Calc.
(line 11)
* visibility cycling: Visibility cycling. (line 6)
* visible text, printing: Sparse trees. (line 41)
* VM links: External links. (line 6)
* WANDERLUST links: External links. (line 6)
* weekly agenda: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 6)
* windmove.el: Conflicts. (line 33)
* workflow states as TODO keywords: Workflow states. (line 6)
* XEmacs: Installation. (line 6)
* XOXO export: XOXO export. (line 6)

File: org, Node: Key Index, Prev: Index, Up: Top
Key Index
*********
[index]
* Menu:
* $: Agenda commands. (line 123)
* ': CDLaTeX mode. (line 43)
* +: Agenda commands. (line 145)
* ,: Agenda commands. (line 137)
* -: Agenda commands. (line 151)
* .: Agenda commands. (line 100)
* :: Agenda commands. (line 131)
* <: The date/time prompt.
(line 29)
* <left>: Agenda commands. (line 97)
* <RET> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 41)
* <RET> <2>: Setting tags. (line 76)
* <RET> <3>: The date/time prompt.
(line 54)
* <RET>: Built-in table editor.
(line 64)
* <right>: Agenda commands. (line 92)
* <SPC> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 28)
* <SPC>: Setting tags. (line 73)
* <TAB> <1>: CDLaTeX mode. (line 23)
* <TAB> <2>: Agenda commands. (line 35)
* <TAB> <3>: Setting tags. (line 68)
* <TAB> <4>: Built-in table editor.
(line 57)
* <TAB> <5>: Plain lists. (line 37)
* <TAB>: Visibility cycling. (line 10)
* > <1>: Agenda commands. (line 173)
* >: The date/time prompt.
(line 30)
* ^: CDLaTeX mode. (line 33)
* _: CDLaTeX mode. (line 33)
* `: CDLaTeX mode. (line 39)
* a: Agenda commands. (line 134)
* b: Agenda commands. (line 51)
* C: Agenda commands. (line 213)
* c: Agenda commands. (line 191)
* C-#: Advanced features. (line 9)
* C-': Agenda files. (line 18)
* C-,: Agenda files. (line 18)
* C-_: Agenda commands. (line 109)
* C-a a L: Timeline. (line 10)
* C-c !: Creating timestamps. (line 21)
* C-c #: Checkboxes. (line 56)
* C-c %: Handling links. (line 83)
* C-c &: Handling links. (line 87)
* C-c ': Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 24)
* C-c *: Updating the table. (line 13)
* C-c +: Built-in table editor.
(line 141)
* C-c ,: Priorities. (line 18)
* C-c -: Built-in table editor.
(line 92)
* C-c .: Creating timestamps. (line 10)
* C-c /: Sparse trees. (line 15)
* C-c :: Enhancing text. (line 29)
* C-c ;: Comment lines. (line 11)
* C-c <: Creating timestamps. (line 25)
* C-c <TAB>: Built-in table editor.
(line 163)
* C-c = <1>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 10)
* C-c =: Column formulas. (line 24)
* C-c >: Creating timestamps. (line 29)
* C-c ?: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 20)
* C-c [: Agenda files. (line 12)
* C-c \: Tag searches. (line 9)
* C-c ]: Agenda files. (line 15)
* C-c ^ <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 96)
* C-c ^: Structure editing. (line 52)
* C-c `: Built-in table editor.
(line 157)
* C-c a !: Stuck projects. (line 14)
* C-c a #: Stuck projects. (line 13)
* C-c a a: Weekly/Daily agenda. (line 9)
* C-c a C: Storing searches. (line 9)
* C-c a M: Matching headline tags.
(line 15)
* C-c a m: Matching headline tags.
(line 10)
* C-c a M: Tag searches. (line 16)
* C-c a m: Tag searches. (line 12)
* C-c a T: Global TODO list. (line 14)
* C-c a t <1>: Global TODO list. (line 9)
* C-c a t: TODO basics. (line 33)
* C-c C-a: Visibility cycling. (line 31)
* C-c C-b: Motion. (line 15)
* C-c C-c <1>: Cooperation. (line 37)
* C-c C-c <2>: The very busy C-c C-c key.
(line 6)
* C-c C-c <3>: Processing LaTeX fragments.
(line 15)
* C-c C-c <4>: Setting tags. (line 10)
* C-c C-c <5>: Checkboxes. (line 37)
* C-c C-c <6>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 32)
* C-c C-c <7>: Built-in table editor.
(line 54)
* C-c C-c: Plain lists. (line 74)
* C-c C-d <1>: Agenda commands. (line 158)
* C-c C-d: Creating timestamps. (line 37)
* C-c C-e: Exporting. (line 19)
* C-c C-e a: ASCII export. (line 9)
* C-c C-e b: Export commands. (line 7)
* C-c C-e c: iCalendar export. (line 20)
* C-c C-e h: Export commands. (line 6)
* C-c C-e I: iCalendar export. (line 15)
* C-c C-e i: iCalendar export. (line 13)
* C-c C-e t: Export options. (line 13)
* C-c C-e v <1>: XOXO export. (line 11)
* C-c C-e v: Sparse trees. (line 41)
* C-c C-e v a: ASCII export. (line 13)
* C-c C-e v b: Export commands. (line 10)
* C-c C-e v h: Export commands. (line 10)
* C-c C-e x: XOXO export. (line 10)
* C-c C-f: Motion. (line 12)
* C-c C-j: Motion. (line 21)
* C-c C-l: Handling links. (line 27)
* C-c C-n: Motion. (line 8)
* C-c C-o <1>: Creating timestamps. (line 33)
* C-c C-o: Handling links. (line 60)
* C-c C-p: Motion. (line 9)
* C-c C-q <1>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 34)
* C-c C-q: Built-in table editor.
(line 125)
* C-c C-r: Visibility cycling. (line 32)
* C-c C-s <1>: Agenda commands. (line 155)
* C-c C-s: Creating timestamps. (line 48)
* C-c C-t <1>: Clocking work time. (line 27)
* C-c C-t: TODO basics. (line 13)
* C-c C-u: Motion. (line 18)
* C-c C-v: TODO basics. (line 26)
* C-c C-w: Creating timestamps. (line 41)
* C-c C-x b: Visibility cycling. (line 39)
* C-c C-x C-a: ARCHIVE tag. (line 28)
* C-c C-x C-b: Checkboxes. (line 38)
* C-c C-x C-c: Agenda commands. (line 220)
* C-c C-x C-d: Clocking work time. (line 35)
* C-c C-x C-i: Clocking work time. (line 12)
* C-c C-x C-k: Structure editing. (line 39)
* C-c C-x C-l: Processing LaTeX fragments.
(line 9)
* C-c C-x C-o: Clocking work time. (line 14)
* C-c C-x C-r: Clocking work time. (line 43)
* C-c C-x C-s: Moving subtrees. (line 10)
* C-c C-x C-t: Custom time format. (line 12)
* C-c C-x C-u: Dynamic blocks. (line 21)
* C-c C-x C-w <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 114)
* C-c C-x C-w: Structure editing. (line 39)
* C-c C-x C-x: Clocking work time. (line 31)
* C-c C-x C-y <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 118)
* C-c C-x C-y: Structure editing. (line 46)
* C-c C-x M-w <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 111)
* C-c C-x M-w: Structure editing. (line 43)
* C-c C-y <1>: Clocking work time. (line 22)
* C-c C-y: Creating timestamps. (line 66)
* C-c l: Handling links. (line 9)
* C-c {: CDLaTeX mode. (line 21)
* C-c |: Built-in table editor.
(line 40)
* C-c ~: Cooperation. (line 50)
* C-k: Agenda commands. (line 117)
* C-TAB: ARCHIVE tag. (line 38)
* C-u C-c *: Updating the table. (line 18)
* C-u C-c .: Creating timestamps. (line 16)
* C-u C-c = <1>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 10)
* C-u C-c =: Field formulas. (line 24)
* C-u C-c C-c: Updating the table. (line 19)
* C-u C-c C-l: Handling links. (line 45)
* C-u C-c C-x C-a: ARCHIVE tag. (line 31)
* C-u C-c C-x C-s: Moving subtrees. (line 12)
* C-u C-c C-x C-u <1>: Dynamic blocks. (line 22)
* C-u C-c C-x C-u: Clocking work time. (line 70)
* C-u C-u C-c *: Updating the table. (line 24)
* C-u C-u C-c =: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 14)
* D: Agenda commands. (line 74)
* d: Agenda commands. (line 71)
* f: Agenda commands. (line 44)
* g: Agenda commands. (line 78)
* H: Agenda commands. (line 217)
* i: Agenda commands. (line 198)
* I: Agenda commands. (line 178)
* l: Agenda commands. (line 57)
* L: Agenda commands. (line 32)
* M: Agenda commands. (line 204)
* M-<down> <1>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 42)
* M-<down>: Built-in table editor.
(line 82)
* M-<left> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 72)
* M-<left>: Structure editing. (line 21)
* M-<RET> <1>: Plain lists. (line 42)
* M-<RET>: Structure editing. (line 6)
* M-<right> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 72)
* M-<right>: Structure editing. (line 24)
* M-<TAB> <1>: Completion. (line 10)
* M-<TAB> <2>: Setting tags. (line 6)
* M-<TAB>: Per file keywords. (line 17)
* M-<up> <1>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 42)
* M-<up>: Built-in table editor.
(line 82)
* M-S-<down> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 89)
* M-S-<down> <2>: Plain lists. (line 59)
* M-S-<down>: Structure editing. (line 36)
* M-S-<left> <1>: The date/time prompt.
(line 51)
* M-S-<left> <2>: Built-in table editor.
(line 76)
* M-S-<left> <3>: Plain lists. (line 65)
* M-S-<left>: Structure editing. (line 27)
* M-S-<RET> <1>: Checkboxes. (line 53)
* M-S-<RET> <2>: Plain lists. (line 52)
* M-S-<RET>: Structure editing. (line 18)
* M-S-<right> <1>: The date/time prompt.
(line 48)
* M-S-<right> <2>: Built-in table editor.
(line 79)
* M-S-<right> <3>: Plain lists. (line 65)
* M-S-<right>: Structure editing. (line 30)
* M-S-<up> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 86)
* M-S-<up> <2>: Plain lists. (line 59)
* M-S-<up>: Structure editing. (line 33)
* mouse-1 <1>: Agenda commands. (line 35)
* mouse-1 <2>: The date/time prompt.
(line 33)
* mouse-1: Handling links. (line 74)
* mouse-2 <1>: Agenda commands. (line 35)
* mouse-2: Handling links. (line 74)
* mouse-3 <1>: Agenda commands. (line 28)
* mouse-3: Handling links. (line 79)
* n: Agenda commands. (line 19)
* O: Agenda commands. (line 180)
* o: Agenda commands. (line 65)
* P: Agenda commands. (line 142)
* p: Agenda commands. (line 20)
* q: Agenda commands. (line 227)
* r <1>: Agenda commands. (line 82)
* r: Global TODO list. (line 20)
* S: Agenda commands. (line 208)
* s: Agenda commands. (line 89)
* S-<down> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 151)
* S-<down> <2>: The date/time prompt.
(line 42)
* S-<down> <3>: Creating timestamps. (line 58)
* S-<down> <4>: Priorities. (line 25)
* S-<down> <5>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 37)
* S-<down>: Plain lists. (line 55)
* S-<left> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 169)
* S-<left> <2>: The date/time prompt.
(line 39)
* S-<left> <3>: Creating timestamps. (line 53)
* S-<left>: TODO basics. (line 20)
* S-<RET>: Built-in table editor.
(line 146)
* S-<right> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 161)
* S-<right> <2>: The date/time prompt.
(line 36)
* S-<right> <3>: Creating timestamps. (line 53)
* S-<right>: TODO basics. (line 20)
* S-<TAB> <1>: Built-in table editor.
(line 61)
* S-<TAB>: Visibility cycling. (line 22)
* S-<up> <1>: Agenda commands. (line 145)
* S-<up> <2>: The date/time prompt.
(line 45)
* S-<up> <3>: Creating timestamps. (line 58)
* S-<up> <4>: Priorities. (line 25)
* S-<up> <5>: Editing and debuggung formulas.
(line 37)
* S-<up>: Plain lists. (line 55)
* T: Agenda commands. (line 126)
* t: Agenda commands. (line 113)
* w: Agenda commands. (line 68)
* x: Agenda commands. (line 230)
* X: Agenda commands. (line 183)

Tag Table:
Node: Top970
Node: Introduction10946
Node: Summary11361
Node: Installation14262
Node: Activation15640
Node: Feedback16889
Node: Document structure18965
Node: Outlines19739
Node: Headlines20399
Node: Visibility cycling21022
Ref: Visibility cycling-Footnote-123113
Ref: Visibility cycling-Footnote-223171
Ref: Visibility cycling-Footnote-323221
Node: Motion23490
Node: Structure editing24274
Node: Archiving27100
Node: ARCHIVE tag27658
Node: Moving subtrees29451
Node: Sparse trees30762
Ref: Sparse trees-Footnote-132893
Ref: Sparse trees-Footnote-233075
Node: Plain lists33190
Ref: Plain lists-Footnote-136715
Ref: Plain lists-Footnote-237072
Node: Tables37256
Node: Built-in table editor37770
Node: Narrow columns44766
Ref: Narrow columns-Footnote-146698
Node: orgtbl-mode46744
Node: The spreadsheet47238
Node: References48056
Node: Formula syntax for Calc51313
Node: Formula syntax for Lisp53630
Node: Field formulas54858
Node: Column formulas56169
Node: Editing and debuggung formulas57592
Node: Updating the table60300
Node: Advanced features61331
Node: Hyperlinks65756
Node: Link format66529
Node: Internal links67822
Ref: Internal links-Footnote-169811
Node: Radio targets69943
Node: CamelCase links70658
Node: External links71252
Node: Handling links73656
Ref: Handling links-Footnote-178424
Ref: Handling links-Footnote-278661
Node: Link abbreviations78735
Node: Search options80414
Ref: Search options-Footnote-182194
Node: Custom searches82275
Node: Remember83323
Node: TODO items87017
Node: TODO basics87999
Node: TODO extensions89526
Node: Workflow states90321
Node: TODO types91306
Ref: TODO types-Footnote-192964
Node: Per file keywords93046
Ref: Per file keywords-Footnote-194500
Node: Priorities94701
Node: Breaking down tasks95945
Ref: Breaking down tasks-Footnote-196464
Node: Checkboxes96560
Node: Timestamps99315
Node: Time stamps99849
Ref: Time stamps-Footnote-1103343
Ref: Time stamps-Footnote-2103459
Node: Creating timestamps103614
Node: The date/time prompt106240
Ref: The date/time prompt-Footnote-1108006
Node: Custom time format108112
Node: Repeating items109670
Node: Progress logging111480
Node: Closing items112126
Ref: Closing items-Footnote-1113060
Ref: Closing items-Footnote-2113129
Node: Tracking TODO state changes113202
Node: Clocking work time114058
Ref: Clocking work time-Footnote-1117704
Ref: Clocking work time-Footnote-2117782
Node: Tags117908
Node: Tag inheritance118670
Node: Setting tags119607
Ref: Setting tags-Footnote-1123806
Ref: Setting tags-Footnote-2123918
Node: Tag searches124001
Node: Agenda views126712
Node: Agenda files128657
Ref: Agenda files-Footnote-1129623
Ref: Agenda files-Footnote-2129772
Node: Agenda dispatcher129965
Node: Built-in agenda views131656
Node: Weekly/Daily agenda132234
Node: Global TODO list134363
Node: Matching headline tags136536
Node: Timeline137607
Node: Stuck projects138273
Node: Presentation and sorting139972
Node: Categories140763
Node: Time-of-day specifications141427
Node: Sorting of agenda items143398
Node: Agenda commands144680
Node: Custom agenda views151333
Node: Storing searches152008
Node: Block agenda153920
Node: Setting Options155150
Node: Batch processing157862
Node: Embedded LaTeX158992
Ref: Embedded LaTeX-Footnote-1160084
Node: Math symbols160274
Node: Subscripts and Superscripts161039
Node: LaTeX fragments161883
Ref: LaTeX fragments-Footnote-1163991
Node: Processing LaTeX fragments164253
Node: CDLaTeX mode165199
Ref: CDLaTeX mode-Footnote-1167683
Node: Exporting167831
Node: ASCII export169145
Node: HTML export170435
Node: Export commands171054
Node: Quoting HTML tags171778
Node: Links172121
Node: Images172818
Ref: Images-Footnote-1173689
Node: CSS support173750
Ref: CSS support-Footnote-1175069
Node: XOXO export175182
Node: iCalendar export175621
Node: Text interpretation177444
Node: Comment lines177923
Node: Enhancing text178394
Node: Export options180086
Node: Publishing181753
Ref: Publishing-Footnote-1182549
Node: Configuration182745
Node: Project alist183463
Node: Sources and destinations184529
Node: Selecting files185259
Node: Publishing action186007
Node: Publishing options187240
Node: Publishing links189392
Node: Project page index190905
Node: Sample configuration191683
Node: Simple example192175
Node: Complex example192848
Node: Triggering publication194924
Node: Miscellaneous195609
Node: Completion196243
Node: Customization197714
Node: In-buffer settings198297
Node: The very busy C-c C-c key202537
Node: Clean view204181
Node: TTY keys206758
Node: Interaction208367
Node: Cooperation208764
Node: Conflicts211505
Node: Bugs213097
Node: Extensions and Hacking214491
Node: Extensions214995
Node: Dynamic blocks216938
Node: Special agenda views218894
Ref: Special agenda views-Footnote-1221173
Node: History and Acknowledgments221433
Node: Index226792
Node: Key Index256794

End Tag Table
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink