8874 lines
344 KiB
Plaintext
8874 lines
344 KiB
Plaintext
\input texinfo
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename ../../info/org
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@settitle The Org Manual
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@set VERSION 6.00pre-2
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@set DATE April 2008
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@dircategory Emacs
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@direntry
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* Org Mode: (org). Outline-based notes management and organizer
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@end direntry
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@c Version and Contact Info
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@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{http://orgmode.org,maintainers webpage}
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@set AUTHOR Carsten Dominik
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@set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik
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@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{carsten at orgmode dot org}
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@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:carsten at orgmode dot org,contact the maintainer}
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@c %**end of header
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@finalout
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@c Macro definitions
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@c Subheadings inside a table.
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@macro tsubheading{text}
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@ifinfo
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@subsubheading \text\
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@end ifinfo
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@ifnotinfo
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@item @b{\text\}
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@end ifnotinfo
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@end macro
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@copying
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This manual is for Org (version @value{VERSION}).
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Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation
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@quotation
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
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and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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License.''
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(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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@end quotation
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@end copying
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@titlepage
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@title The Org Manual
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@subtitle Release @value{VERSION}
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@author by Carsten Dominik
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@c The following two commands start the copyright page.
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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@insertcopying
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@end titlepage
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@c Output the table of contents at the beginning.
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@contents
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@ifnottex
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@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
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@top Org Mode Manual
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@insertcopying
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@end ifnottex
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@menu
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* Introduction:: Getting started
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* Document Structure:: A tree works like your brain
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* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting
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* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context
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* TODO Items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item
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* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
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* Properties and Columns:: Storing information about an entry
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* Dates and Times:: Making items useful for planning
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* Remember:: Quickly adding nodes to the outline tree
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* Agenda Views:: Collecting information into views
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* Embedded LaTeX:: LaTeX fragments and formulas
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* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing of notes
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* Publishing:: Create a web site of linked Org files
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* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
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* Extensions and Hacking:: It is possible to write add-on code
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* History and Acknowledgments:: How Org came into being
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* Main Index:: An index of Org's concepts and features
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* Key Index:: Key bindings and where they are described
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@detailmenu
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--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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Introduction
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* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org does
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* Installation:: How to install a downloaded version of Org
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* Activation:: How to activate Org for certain buffers
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* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
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* Conventions:: Type-setting conventions in the manual
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Document Structure
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* Outlines:: Org is based on Outline mode
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* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree headlines
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* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
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* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
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* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
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* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
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* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
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* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry
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* Drawers:: Tucking stuff away
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* Orgstruct mode:: Structure editing outside Org
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Archiving
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* ARCHIVE tag:: Marking a tree as inactive
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* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file
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Tables
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* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
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* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
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* Column groups:: Grouping to trigger vertical lines
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* Orgtbl mode:: The table editor as minor mode
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* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities
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The spreadsheet
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* References:: How to refer to another field or range
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* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
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* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
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* Field formulas:: Formulas valid for a single field
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* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
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* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas
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* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
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* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
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Hyperlinks
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* Link format:: How links in Org are formatted
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* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
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* External links:: URL-like links to the world
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* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
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* Using links outside Org:: Linking from my C source code?
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* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
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* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
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* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
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Internal links
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* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text
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TODO Items
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* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
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* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
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* Progress logging:: Dates and notes for progress
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* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
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* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces
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* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists
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Extended use of TODO keywords
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* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
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* TODO types:: I do this, Fred does the rest
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* Multiple sets in one file:: Mixing it all, and still finding your way
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* Fast access to TODO states:: Single letter selection of a state
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* Per-file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
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* Faces for TODO keywords:: Highlighting states
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Progress logging
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* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
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* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
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Tags
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* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
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* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
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* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
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Properties and Columns
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* Property syntax:: How properties are spelled out
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* Special properties:: Access to other Org mode features
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* Property searches:: Matching property values
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* Property inheritance:: Passing values down the tree
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* Column view:: Tabular viewing and editing
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* Property API:: Properties for Lisp programmers
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Column view
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* Defining columns:: The COLUMNS format property
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* Using column view:: How to create and use column view
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* Capturing column view:: A dynamic block for column view
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Defining columns
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* Scope of column definitions:: Where defined, where valid?
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* Column attributes:: Appearance and content of a column
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Dates and Times
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* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
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* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
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* Deadlines and scheduling:: Planning your work
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* Clocking work time:: Tracking how long you spend on a task
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Creating timestamps
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* The date/time prompt:: How Org mode helps you entering date and time
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* Custom time format:: Making dates look different
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Deadlines and scheduling
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* Inserting deadline/schedule:: Planning items
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* Repeated tasks:: Items that show up again and again
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Remember
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* Setting up Remember:: Some code for .emacs to get things going
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* Remember templates:: Define the outline of different note types
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* Storing notes:: Directly get the note to where it belongs
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* Refiling notes:: Moving a note or task to a project
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Agenda Views
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* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
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* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
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* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
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* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
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* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of Org trees
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* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views
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The built-in agenda views
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* Weekly/daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
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* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
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* Matching tags and properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
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* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
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* Keyword search:: Finding entries by keyword
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* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review
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Presentation and sorting
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* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
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* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
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* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
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Custom agenda views
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* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
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* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
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* Setting Options:: Changing the rules
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* Exporting Agenda Views:: Writing agendas to files
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* Using the agenda elsewhere:: Using agenda information in other programs
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Embedded LaTeX
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* Math symbols:: TeX macros for symbols and Greek letters
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* Subscripts and superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
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* LaTeX fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
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* Processing LaTeX fragments:: Previewing LaTeX processing
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* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
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Exporting
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* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
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* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
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* LaTeX export:: Exporting to LaTeX
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* XOXO export:: Exporting to XOXO
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* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
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* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
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HTML export
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* HTML Export commands:: How to invoke LaTeX export
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* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org mode
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* Links:: Transformation of links for HTML
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* Images:: How to include images
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* CSS support:: Changing the appearance of the output
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LaTeX export
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* LaTeX export commands:: How to invoke LaTeX export
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* Quoting LaTeX code:: Incorporating literal LaTeX code
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* Sectioning structure:: Changing sectioning in LaTeX output
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Text interpretation by the exporter
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* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
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* Initial text:: Text before the first headline
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* Footnotes:: Numbers like [1]
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* Quoted examples:: Inserting quoted chunks of text
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* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
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* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
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Publishing
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* Configuration:: Defining projects
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* Sample configuration:: Example projects
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* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
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Configuration
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* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
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* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
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* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
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* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
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* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML export
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* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
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* Project page index:: Publishing a list of project files
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Sample configuration
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* Simple example:: One-component publishing
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* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example
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Miscellaneous
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* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
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* Customization:: Adapting Org to your taste
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* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
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* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
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* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
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* TTY keys:: Using Org on a tty
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* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
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* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
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Interaction with other packages
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* Cooperation:: Packages Org cooperates with
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* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts
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Extensions, Hooks and Hacking
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* Extensions:: Existing 3rd-party extensions
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* Adding hyperlink types:: New custom link types
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* Tables in arbitrary syntax:: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs
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* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
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* Special agenda views:: Customized views
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* Using the property API:: Writing programs that use entry properties
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Tables and lists in arbitrary syntax
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* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving
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* A LaTeX example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial
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* Translator functions:: Copy and modify
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* Radio lists:: Doing the same for lists
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@end detailmenu
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@end menu
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@node Introduction, Document Structure, Top, Top
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@chapter Introduction
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@cindex introduction
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@menu
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* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org does
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* Installation:: How to install a downloaded version of Org
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* Activation:: How to activate Org for certain buffers
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* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
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* Conventions:: Type-setting conventions in the manual
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@end menu
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@node Summary, Installation, Introduction, Introduction
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@section Summary
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@cindex summary
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Org is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, and doing
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project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
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Org develops organizational tasks around NOTES files that contain
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lists or information about projects as plain text. Org is
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implemented on top of Outline mode, which makes it possible to keep the
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content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling and
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structure editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily created
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with a built-in table editor. Org supports TODO items, deadlines,
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time stamps, and scheduling. It dynamically compiles entries into an
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agenda that utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar
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and diary. Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails,
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Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects.
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For printing and sharing of notes, an Org file can be exported as a
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structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (TODO and agenda items only) as an
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iCalendar file. It can also serve as a publishing tool for a set of
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linked web pages.
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An important design aspect that distinguishes Org from for example
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Planner/Muse is that it encourages to store every piece of information
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only once. In Planner, you have project pages, day pages and possibly
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other files, duplicating some information such as tasks. In Org,
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you only have notes files. In your notes you mark entries as tasks,
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label them with tags and timestamps. All necessary lists like a
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schedule for the day, the agenda for a meeting, tasks lists selected by
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tags etc are created dynamically when you need them.
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Org keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should
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feel like a straightforward, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not
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imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when you need
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it. Org is a toolbox and can be used in different ways, for
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example as:
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@example
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@r{@bullet{} outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing}
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@r{@bullet{} ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes}
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@r{@bullet{} ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities}
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@r{@bullet{} TODO list editor}
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@r{@bullet{} full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling}
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@r{@bullet{} environment to implement David Allen's GTD system}
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@r{@bullet{} a basic database application}
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@r{@bullet{} simple hypertext system, with HTML and LaTeX export}
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@r{@bullet{} publishing tool to create a set of interlinked webpages}
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@end example
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Org's automatic, context sensitive table editor with spreadsheet
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capabilities can be integrated into any major mode by activating the
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minor Orgtbl mode. Using a translation step, it can be used to maintain
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tables in arbitrary file types, for example in La@TeX{}. The structure
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editing and list creation capabilities can be used outside Org with
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the minor Orgstruct mode.
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@cindex FAQ
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There is a website for Org which provides links to the newest
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version of Org, as well as additional information, frequently asked
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questions (FAQ), links to tutorials etc. This page is located at
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@uref{http://orgmode.org}.
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@page
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@node Installation, Activation, Summary, Introduction
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@section Installation
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@cindex installation
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@cindex XEmacs
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@b{Important:} @i{If Org is part of the Emacs distribution or an
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XEmacs package, please skip this section and go directly to
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@ref{Activation}.}
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If you have downloaded Org from the Web, either as a distribution @file{.zip}
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or @file{.tar} file, or as a GIT archive, you must take the following steps
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to install it: Go into the unpacked Org distribution directory and edit the
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top section of the file @file{Makefile}. You must set the name of the Emacs
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binary (likely either @file{emacs} or @file{xemacs}), and the paths to the
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directories where local Lisp and Info files are kept. If you don't have
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access to the system-wide directories, you can simply run Org directly from
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the distribution directory by adding the @file{lisp} subdirectory to the
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Emacs load path. To do this, add the following line to @file{.emacs}:
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@example
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(setq load-path (cons "~/path/to/orgdir/lisp" load-path))
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@end example
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@noindent
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If you plan to use code from the @file{CONTRIB} subdirectory, do a similar
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step for this directory:
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@example
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(setq load-path (cons "~/path/to/orgdir/CONTRIB/lisp" load-path))
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@end example
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@b{XEmacs users now need to install the file @file{noutline.el} from
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the @file{xemacs} sub-directory of the Org distribution. Use the
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command:}
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@example
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@b{make install-noutline}
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@end example
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@noindent Now byte-compile the Lisp files with the shell command:
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@example
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make
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@end example
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@noindent If you are running Org from the distribution directory, this is
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all. If you want to install into the system directories, use
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@example
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make install
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make install-info
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@end example
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@noindent Then add to @file{.emacs}:
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@lisp
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;; This line only if Org is not part of the X/Emacs distribution.
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(require 'org-install)
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@end lisp
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@node Activation, Feedback, Installation, Introduction
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@section Activation
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@cindex activation
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@cindex autoload
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@cindex global key bindings
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@cindex key bindings, global
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@iftex
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@b{Important:} @i{If you use copy-and-paste to copy lisp code from the
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PDF documentation as viewed by Acrobat reader to your .emacs file, the
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single quote character comes out incorrectly and the code will not work.
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You need to fix the single quotes by hand, or copy from Info
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documentation.}
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@end iftex
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Add the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file. The last two lines
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define @emph{global} keys for the commands @command{org-store-link} and
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@command{org-agenda} - please choose suitable keys yourself.
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@lisp
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;; The following lines are always needed. Choose your own keys.
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(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org\\'" . org-mode))
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(global-set-key "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
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(global-set-key "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
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@end lisp
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Furthermore, you must activate @code{font-lock-mode} in Org
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buffers, because significant functionality depends on font-locking being
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active. You can do this with either one of the following two lines
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(XEmacs user must use the second option):
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@lisp
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(global-font-lock-mode 1) ; for all buffers
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(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) ; Org buffers only
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|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@cindex Org mode, turning on
|
|
With this setup, all files with extension @samp{.org} will be put
|
|
into Org mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look
|
|
like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*-
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent which will select Org mode for this buffer no matter what
|
|
the file's name is. See also the variable
|
|
@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file}.
|
|
|
|
@node Feedback, Conventions, Activation, Introduction
|
|
@section Feedback
|
|
@cindex feedback
|
|
@cindex bug reports
|
|
@cindex maintainer
|
|
@cindex author
|
|
|
|
If you find problems with Org, or if you have questions, remarks,
|
|
or ideas about it, please contact the maintainer @value{MAINTAINER} at
|
|
@value{MAINTAINEREMAIL}.
|
|
|
|
For bug reports, please provide as much information as possible,
|
|
including the version information of Emacs (@kbd{C-h v emacs-version
|
|
@key{RET}}) and Org (@kbd{C-h v org-version @key{RET}}), as well as
|
|
the Org related setup in @file{.emacs}. If an error occurs, a
|
|
backtrace can be very useful (see below on how to create one). Often a
|
|
small example file helps, along with clear information about:
|
|
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
@item What exactly did you do?
|
|
@item What did you expect to happen?
|
|
@item What happened instead?
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
@noindent Thank you for helping to improve this mode.
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading How to create a useful backtrace
|
|
|
|
@cindex backtrace of an error
|
|
If working with Org produces an error with a message you don't
|
|
understand, you may have hit a bug. The best way to report this is by
|
|
providing, in addition to what was mentioned above, a @emph{Backtrace}.
|
|
This is information from the built-in debugger about where and how the
|
|
error occurred. Here is how to produce a useful backtrace:
|
|
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
@item
|
|
Start a fresh Emacs or XEmacs, and make sure that it will load the
|
|
original Lisp code in @file{org.el} instead of the compiled version in
|
|
@file{org.elc}. The backtrace contains much more information if it is
|
|
produced with uncompiled code. To do this, either rename @file{org.elc}
|
|
to something else before starting Emacs, or ask Emacs explicitly to load
|
|
@file{org.el} by using the command line
|
|
@example
|
|
emacs -l /path/to/org.el
|
|
@end example
|
|
@item
|
|
Go to the @code{Options} menu and select @code{Enter Debugger on Error}
|
|
(XEmacs has this option in the @code{Troubleshooting} sub-menu).
|
|
@item
|
|
Do whatever you have to do to hit the error. Don't forget to
|
|
document the steps you take.
|
|
@item
|
|
When you hit the error, a @file{*Backtrace*} buffer will appear on the
|
|
screen. Save this buffer to a file (for example using @kbd{C-x C-w}) and
|
|
attach it to your bug report.
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
|
|
@node Conventions, , Feedback, Introduction
|
|
@section Typesetting conventions used in this manual
|
|
|
|
Org uses three types of keywords: TODO keywords, tags, and property
|
|
names. In this manual we use the following conventions:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item TODO
|
|
@itemx WAITING
|
|
TODO keywords are written with all capitals, even if they are
|
|
user-defined.
|
|
@item boss
|
|
@itemx ARCHIVE
|
|
User-defined tags are written in lowercase; built-in tags with special
|
|
meaning are written with all capitals.
|
|
@item Release
|
|
@itemx PRIORITY
|
|
User-defined properties are capitalized; built-in properties with
|
|
special meaning are written with all capitals.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Document Structure, Tables, Introduction, Top
|
|
@chapter Document Structure
|
|
@cindex document structure
|
|
@cindex structure of document
|
|
|
|
Org is based on outline mode and provides flexible commands to
|
|
edit the structure of the document.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Outlines:: Org is based on Outline mode
|
|
* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree headlines
|
|
* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
|
|
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
|
|
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
|
|
* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
|
|
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
|
|
* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry
|
|
* Drawers:: Tucking stuff away
|
|
* Orgstruct mode:: Structure editing outside Org
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Outlines, Headlines, Document Structure, Document Structure
|
|
@section Outlines
|
|
@cindex outlines
|
|
@cindex Outline mode
|
|
|
|
Org is implemented on top of Outline mode. Outlines allow a
|
|
document to be organized in a hierarchical structure, which (at least
|
|
for me) is the best representation of notes and thoughts. An overview
|
|
of this structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the
|
|
document to show only the general document structure and the parts
|
|
currently being worked on. Org greatly simplifies the use of
|
|
outlines by compressing the entire show/hide functionality into a single
|
|
command @command{org-cycle}, which is bound to the @key{TAB} key.
|
|
|
|
@node Headlines, Visibility cycling, Outlines, Document Structure
|
|
@section Headlines
|
|
@cindex headlines
|
|
@cindex outline tree
|
|
|
|
Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in
|
|
Org start with one or more stars, on the left margin@footnote{See
|
|
the variable @code{org-special-ctrl-a/e} to configure special behavior
|
|
of @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} in headlines.}. For example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Top level headline
|
|
** Second level
|
|
*** 3rd level
|
|
some text
|
|
*** 3rd level
|
|
more text
|
|
|
|
* Another top level headline
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an
|
|
outline that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline
|
|
starters. @ref{Clean view} describes a setup to realize this.
|
|
|
|
An empty line after the end of a subtree is considered part of it and
|
|
will be hidden when the subtree is folded. However, if you leave at
|
|
least two empty lines, one empty line will remain visible after folding
|
|
the subtree, in order to structure the collapsed view. See the
|
|
variable @code{org-cycle-separator-lines} to modify this behavior.
|
|
|
|
@node Visibility cycling, Motion, Headlines, Document Structure
|
|
@section Visibility cycling
|
|
@cindex cycling, visibility
|
|
@cindex visibility cycling
|
|
@cindex trees, visibility
|
|
@cindex show hidden text
|
|
@cindex hide text
|
|
|
|
Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
|
|
Org uses just two commands, bound to @key{TAB} and
|
|
@kbd{S-@key{TAB}} to change the visibility in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
@cindex subtree visibility states
|
|
@cindex subtree cycling
|
|
@cindex folded, subtree visibility state
|
|
@cindex children, subtree visibility state
|
|
@cindex subtree, subtree visibility state
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
|
@item @key{TAB}
|
|
@emph{Subtree cycling}: Rotate current subtree among the states
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
|
|
'-----------------------------------'
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The cursor must be on a headline for this to work@footnote{see, however,
|
|
the option @code{org-cycle-emulate-tab}.}. When the cursor is at the
|
|
beginning of the buffer and the first line is not a headline, then
|
|
@key{TAB} actually runs global cycling (see below)@footnote{see the
|
|
option @code{org-cycle-global-at-bob}.}. Also when called with a prefix
|
|
argument (@kbd{C-u @key{TAB}}), global cycling is invoked.
|
|
|
|
@cindex global visibility states
|
|
@cindex global cycling
|
|
@cindex overview, global visibility state
|
|
@cindex contents, global visibility state
|
|
@cindex show all, global visibility state
|
|
@kindex S-@key{TAB}
|
|
@item S-@key{TAB}
|
|
@itemx C-u @key{TAB}
|
|
@emph{Global cycling}: Rotate the entire buffer among the states
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
|
|
'--------------------------------------'
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
When @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} is called with a numeric prefix argument N, the
|
|
CONTENTS view up to headlines of level N will be shown. Note that inside
|
|
tables, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} jumps to the previous field.
|
|
|
|
@cindex show all, command
|
|
@kindex C-c C-a
|
|
@item C-c C-a
|
|
Show all.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-r
|
|
@item C-c C-r
|
|
Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the following heading
|
|
and the hierarchy above. Useful for working near a location that has been
|
|
exposed by a sparse tree command (@pxref{Sparse trees}) or an agenda command
|
|
(@pxref{Agenda commands}). With a prefix argument show, on each
|
|
level, all sibling headings.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x b
|
|
@item C-c C-x b
|
|
Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer@footnote{The indirect
|
|
buffer
|
|
@ifinfo
|
|
(@pxref{Indirect Buffers,,,emacs,GNU Emacs Manual})
|
|
@end ifinfo
|
|
@ifnotinfo
|
|
(see the Emacs manual for more information about indirect buffers)
|
|
@end ifnotinfo
|
|
will contain the entire buffer, but will be narrowed to the current
|
|
tree. Editing the indirect buffer will also change the original buffer,
|
|
but without affecting visibility in that buffer.}. With a numeric
|
|
prefix argument N, go up to level N and then take that tree. If N is
|
|
negative then go up that many levels. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix, do not remove
|
|
the previously used indirect buffer.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
When Emacs first visits an Org file, the global state is set to
|
|
OVERVIEW, i.e. only the top level headlines are visible. This can be
|
|
configured through the variable @code{org-startup-folded}, or on a
|
|
per-file basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the
|
|
buffer:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+STARTUP: overview
|
|
#+STARTUP: content
|
|
#+STARTUP: showall
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Motion, Structure editing, Visibility cycling, Document Structure
|
|
@section Motion
|
|
@cindex motion, between headlines
|
|
@cindex jumping, to headlines
|
|
@cindex headline navigation
|
|
The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-n
|
|
@item C-c C-n
|
|
Next heading.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-p
|
|
@item C-c C-p
|
|
Previous heading.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-f
|
|
@item C-c C-f
|
|
Next heading same level.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-b
|
|
@item C-c C-b
|
|
Previous heading same level.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-u
|
|
@item C-c C-u
|
|
Backward to higher level heading.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-j
|
|
@item C-c C-j
|
|
Jump to a different place without changing the current outline
|
|
visibility. Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer, where
|
|
you can use the following keys to find your destination:
|
|
@example
|
|
@key{TAB} @r{Cycle visibility.}
|
|
@key{down} / @key{up} @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
|
|
n / p @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
|
|
f / b @r{Next/previous headline same level.}
|
|
u @r{One level up.}
|
|
0-9 @r{Digit argument.}
|
|
@key{RET} @r{Select this location.}
|
|
@end example
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Structure editing, Archiving, Motion, Document Structure
|
|
@section Structure editing
|
|
@cindex structure editing
|
|
@cindex headline, promotion and demotion
|
|
@cindex promotion, of subtrees
|
|
@cindex demotion, of subtrees
|
|
@cindex subtree, cut and paste
|
|
@cindex pasting, of subtrees
|
|
@cindex cutting, of subtrees
|
|
@cindex copying, of subtrees
|
|
@cindex subtrees, cut and paste
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex M-@key{RET}
|
|
@item M-@key{RET}
|
|
Insert new heading with same level as current. If the cursor is in a
|
|
plain list item, a new item is created (@pxref{Plain lists}). To force
|
|
creation of a new headline, use a prefix argument, or first press @key{RET}
|
|
to get to the beginning of the next line. When this command is used in
|
|
the middle of a line, the line is split and the rest of the line becomes
|
|
the new headline@footnote{If you do not want the line to be split,
|
|
customize the variable @code{org-M-RET-may-split-line}.}. If the
|
|
command is used at the beginning of a headline, the new headline is
|
|
created before the current line. If at the beginning of any other line,
|
|
the content of that line is made the new heading. If the command is
|
|
used at the end of a folded subtree (i.e. behind the ellipses at the end
|
|
of a headline), then a headline like the current one will be inserted
|
|
after the end of the subtree.
|
|
@kindex C-@key{RET}
|
|
@item C-@key{RET}
|
|
Insert a new heading after the current subtree, same level as the
|
|
current headline. This command works from anywhere in the entry.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{RET}
|
|
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
|
|
@kindex M-@key{left}
|
|
@item M-@key{left}
|
|
Promote current heading by one level.
|
|
@kindex M-@key{right}
|
|
@item M-@key{right}
|
|
Demote current heading by one level.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{left}
|
|
Promote the current subtree by one level.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{right}
|
|
Demote the current subtree by one level.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{up}
|
|
Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same
|
|
level).
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{down}
|
|
Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level).
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-w
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-k
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-w
|
|
@itemx C-c C-x C-k
|
|
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
|
|
With a numeric prefix argument N, kill N sequential subtrees.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x M-w
|
|
@item C-c C-x M-w
|
|
Copy subtree to kill ring. With a numeric prefix argument N, copy the N
|
|
sequential subtrees.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-y
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-y
|
|
Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the subtree to
|
|
make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position. The yank level can
|
|
also be specified with a numeric prefix argument, or by yanking after a
|
|
headline marker like @samp{****}.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-w
|
|
@item C-c C-w
|
|
Refile entry to a different location. @xref{Refiling notes}.
|
|
@kindex C-c ^
|
|
@item C-c ^
|
|
Sort same-level entries. When there is an active region, all entries in
|
|
the region will be sorted. Otherwise the children of the current
|
|
headline are sorted. The command prompts for the sorting method, which
|
|
can be alphabetically, numerically, by time (using the first time stamp
|
|
in each entry), by priority, and each of these in reverse order. You
|
|
can also supply your own function to extract the sorting key. With a
|
|
@kbd{C-u} prefix, sorting will be case-sensitive. With two @kbd{C-u
|
|
C-u} prefixes, duplicate entries will also be removed.
|
|
@kindex C-c *
|
|
@item C-c *
|
|
Turn a normal line or plain list item into a headline (so that it
|
|
becomes a subheading at its location). Also turn a headline into a
|
|
normal line by removing the stars. If there is an active region, turn
|
|
all lines in the region into headlines. Or, if the first line is a
|
|
headline, remove the stars from all headlines in the region.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex region, active
|
|
@cindex active region
|
|
@cindex Transient mark mode
|
|
When there is an active region (Transient mark mode), promotion and
|
|
demotion work on all headlines in the region. To select a region of
|
|
headlines, it is best to place both point and mark at the beginning of a
|
|
line, mark at the beginning of the first headline, and point at the line
|
|
just after the last headline to change. Note that when the cursor is
|
|
inside a table (@pxref{Tables}), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
|
|
functionality.
|
|
|
|
@node Archiving, Sparse trees, Structure editing, Document Structure
|
|
@section Archiving
|
|
@cindex archiving
|
|
|
|
When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want
|
|
to move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the
|
|
agenda. Org mode knows two ways of archiving. You can mark a tree with
|
|
the ARCHIVE tag, or you can move an entire (sub)tree to a different
|
|
location.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* ARCHIVE tag:: Marking a tree as inactive
|
|
* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node ARCHIVE tag, Moving subtrees, Archiving, Archiving
|
|
@subsection The ARCHIVE tag
|
|
@cindex internal archiving
|
|
|
|
A headline that is marked with the ARCHIVE tag (@pxref{Tags}) stays at
|
|
its location in the outline tree, but behaves in the following way:
|
|
@itemize @minus
|
|
@item
|
|
It does not open when you attempt to do so with a visibility cycling
|
|
command (@pxref{Visibility cycling}). You can force cycling archived
|
|
subtrees with @kbd{C-@key{TAB}}, or by setting the option
|
|
@code{org-cycle-open-archived-trees}. Also normal outline commands like
|
|
@code{show-all} will open archived subtrees.
|
|
@item
|
|
During sparse tree construction (@pxref{Sparse trees}), matches in
|
|
archived subtrees are not exposed, unless you configure the option
|
|
@code{org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees}.
|
|
@item
|
|
During agenda view construction (@pxref{Agenda Views}), the content of
|
|
archived trees is ignored unless you configure the option
|
|
@code{org-agenda-skip-archived-trees}.
|
|
@item
|
|
Archived trees are not exported (@pxref{Exporting}), only the headline
|
|
is. Configure the details using the variable
|
|
@code{org-export-with-archived-trees}.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
The following commands help managing the ARCHIVE tag:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-a
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-a
|
|
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline. When the tag is set,
|
|
the headline changes to a shadowed face, and the subtree below it is
|
|
hidden.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-a
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-x C-a
|
|
Check if any direct children of the current headline should be archived.
|
|
To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO entries. If none are
|
|
found, the command offers to set the ARCHIVE tag for the child. If the
|
|
cursor is @emph{not} on a headline when this command is invoked, the
|
|
level 1 trees will be checked.
|
|
@kindex C-@kbd{TAB}
|
|
@item C-@kbd{TAB}
|
|
Cycle a tree even if it is tagged with ARCHIVE.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Moving subtrees, , ARCHIVE tag, Archiving
|
|
@subsection Moving subtrees
|
|
@cindex external archiving
|
|
|
|
Once an entire project is finished, you may want to move it to a
|
|
different location, either in the current file, or even in a different
|
|
file, the archive file.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-s
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-s
|
|
Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location
|
|
given by @code{org-archive-location}. Context information that could be
|
|
lost like the file name, the category, inherited tags, and the TODO
|
|
state will be store as properties in the entry.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-s
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-x C-s
|
|
Check if any direct children of the current headline could be moved to
|
|
the archive. To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO entries.
|
|
If none are found, the command offers to move it to the archive
|
|
location. If the cursor is @emph{not} on a headline when this command
|
|
is invoked, the level 1 trees will be checked.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex archive locations
|
|
The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the
|
|
current file, with the name derived by appending @file{_archive} to the
|
|
current file name. For information and examples on how to change this,
|
|
see the documentation string of the variable
|
|
@code{org-archive-location}. There is also an in-buffer option for
|
|
setting this variable, for example@footnote{For backward compatibility,
|
|
the following also works: If there are several such lines in a file,
|
|
each specifies the archive location for the text below it. The first
|
|
such line also applies to any text before its definition. However,
|
|
using this method is @emph{strongly} deprecated as it is incompatible
|
|
with the outline structure of the document. The correct method for
|
|
setting multiple archive locations in a buffer is using a property.}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If you would like to have a special ARCHIVE location for a single entry
|
|
or a (sub)tree, give the entry an @code{:ARCHIVE:} property with the
|
|
location as the value (@pxref{Properties and Columns}).
|
|
|
|
When a subtree is moved, it receives a number of special properties that
|
|
record context information like the file from where the entry came, it's
|
|
outline path the archiving time etc. Configure the variable
|
|
@code{org-archive-save-context-info} to adjust the amount of information
|
|
added.
|
|
|
|
@node Sparse trees, Plain lists, Archiving, Document Structure
|
|
@section Sparse trees
|
|
@cindex sparse trees
|
|
@cindex trees, sparse
|
|
@cindex folding, sparse trees
|
|
@cindex occur, command
|
|
|
|
An important feature of Org mode is the ability to construct
|
|
@emph{sparse trees} for selected information in an outline tree, so that
|
|
the entire document is folded as much as possible, but the selected
|
|
information is made visible along with the headline structure above
|
|
it@footnote{See also the variables @code{org-show-hierarchy-above},
|
|
@code{org-show-following-heading}, and @code{org-show-siblings} for
|
|
detailed control on how much context is shown around each match.}. Just
|
|
try it out and you will see immediately how it works.
|
|
|
|
Org mode contains several commands creating such trees, all these
|
|
commands can be accessed through a dispatcher:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c /
|
|
@item C-c /
|
|
This prompts for an extra key to select a sparse-tree creating command.
|
|
@kindex C-c / r
|
|
@item C-c / r
|
|
Occur. Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all matches.
|
|
If the match is in a headline, the headline is made visible. If the
|
|
match is in the body of an entry, headline and body are made visible.
|
|
In order to provide minimal context, also the full hierarchy of
|
|
headlines above the match is shown, as well as the headline following
|
|
the match. Each match is also highlighted; the highlights disappear
|
|
when the buffer is changed by an editing command, or by pressing
|
|
@kbd{C-c C-c}. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, previous
|
|
highlights are kept, so several calls to this command can be stacked.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
|
|
use the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} to define fast
|
|
keyboard access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be
|
|
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|
'(("f" occur-tree "FIXME")))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent will define the key @kbd{C-c a f} as a shortcut for creating
|
|
a sparse tree matching the string @samp{FIXME}.
|
|
|
|
The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO keywords,
|
|
tags, or properties and will be discussed later in this manual.
|
|
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v
|
|
@cindex printing sparse trees
|
|
@cindex visible text, printing
|
|
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command
|
|
@code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} which does not print invisible parts
|
|
of the document @footnote{This does not work under XEmacs, because
|
|
XEmacs uses selective display for outlining, not text properties.}.
|
|
Or you can use the command @kbd{C-c C-e v} to export only the visible
|
|
part of the document and print the resulting file.
|
|
|
|
@node Plain lists, Drawers, Sparse trees, Document Structure
|
|
@section Plain lists
|
|
@cindex plain lists
|
|
@cindex lists, plain
|
|
@cindex lists, ordered
|
|
@cindex ordered lists
|
|
|
|
Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide
|
|
additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of
|
|
checkboxes (@pxref{Checkboxes}). Org supports editing such lists,
|
|
and the HTML exporter (@pxref{Exporting}) parses and formats them.
|
|
|
|
Org knows ordered and unordered lists. Unordered list items start
|
|
with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or @samp{*}@footnote{When using @samp{*} as a
|
|
bullet, lines must be indented or they will be seen as top-level
|
|
headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading stars to get a clean
|
|
outline view, plain list items starting with a star are visually
|
|
indistinguishable from true headlines. In short: even though @samp{*}
|
|
is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list items.} as
|
|
bullets. Ordered list items start with a numeral followed by either a
|
|
period or a right parenthesis, such as @samp{1.} or @samp{1)}. Items
|
|
belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the first
|
|
line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, then
|
|
the 2--digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other numbers
|
|
in the list. Indentation also determines the end of a list item. It
|
|
ends before the next line that is indented like the bullet/number, or
|
|
less. Empty lines are part of the previous item, so you can have
|
|
several paragraphs in one item. If you would like an empty line to
|
|
terminate all currently open plain lists, configure the variable
|
|
@code{org-empty-line-terminates-plain-lists}. Here is an example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@group
|
|
** Lord of the Rings
|
|
My favorite scenes are (in this order)
|
|
1. The attack of the Rohirrim
|
|
2. Eowyns fight with the witch king
|
|
+ this was already my favorite scene in the book
|
|
+ I really like Miranda Otto.
|
|
3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
|
|
- on DVD only
|
|
He makes a really funny face when it happens.
|
|
But in the end, not individual scenes matter but the film as a whole.
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Org supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands to
|
|
deal with them correctly@footnote{Org only changes the filling
|
|
settings for Emacs. For XEmacs, you should use Kyle E. Jones'
|
|
@file{filladapt.el}. To turn this on, put into @file{.emacs}:
|
|
@code{(require 'filladapt)}}.
|
|
|
|
The following commands act on items when the cursor is in the first line
|
|
of an item (the line with the bullet or number).
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
|
@item @key{TAB}
|
|
Items can be folded just like headline levels if you set the variable
|
|
@code{org-cycle-include-plain-lists}. The level of an item is then
|
|
given by the indentation of the bullet/number. Items are always
|
|
subordinate to real headlines, however; the hierarchies remain
|
|
completely separated.
|
|
|
|
If @code{org-cycle-include-plain-lists} has not been set, @key{TAB}
|
|
fixes the indentation of the current line in a heuristic way.
|
|
@kindex M-@key{RET}
|
|
@item M-@key{RET}
|
|
Insert new item at current level. With a prefix argument, force a new
|
|
heading (@pxref{Structure editing}). If this command is used in the middle
|
|
of a line, the line is @emph{split} and the rest of the line becomes the new
|
|
item@footnote{If you do not want the line to be split, customize the variable
|
|
@code{org-M-RET-may-split-line}.}. If this command is executed in the
|
|
@emph{whitespace before a bullet or number}, the new item is created
|
|
@emph{before} the current item. If the command is executed in the white
|
|
space before the text that is part of an item but does not contain the
|
|
bullet, a bullet is added to the current line.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{RET}
|
|
Insert a new item with a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}).
|
|
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
|
@item S-@key{up}
|
|
@itemx S-@key{down}
|
|
Jump to the previous/next item in the current list.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{up}
|
|
@itemx M-S-@key{down}
|
|
Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with previous/next item
|
|
of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering is
|
|
automatic.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{left}
|
|
@itemx M-S-@key{right}
|
|
Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems.
|
|
Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation.
|
|
When these commands are executed several times in direct succession,
|
|
the initially selected region is used, even if the new indentation
|
|
would imply a different hierarchy. To use the new hierarchy, break
|
|
the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
If there is a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}) in the item line, toggle the
|
|
state of the checkbox. If not, this command makes sure that all the
|
|
items on this list level use the same bullet. Furthermore, if this is
|
|
an ordered list, make sure the numbering is OK.
|
|
@kindex C-c -
|
|
@item C-c -
|
|
Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate bullets
|
|
(@samp{-}, @samp{+}, @samp{*}, @samp{1.}, @samp{1)}). With a numeric prefix
|
|
argument N, select the Nth bullet from this list. If there is an active
|
|
region when calling this, all lines will be converted to list items. If the
|
|
first line already was a list item, any item markers will be removed from the
|
|
list. Finally, even without an active region, a normal line will be
|
|
converted into a list item.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Drawers, Orgstruct mode, Plain lists, Document Structure
|
|
@section Drawers
|
|
@cindex drawers
|
|
@cindex visibility cycling, drawers
|
|
|
|
Sometimes you want to keep information associated with an entry, but you
|
|
normally don't want to see it. For this, Org mode has @emph{drawers}.
|
|
Drawers need to be configured with the variable
|
|
@code{org-drawers}@footnote{You can define drawers on a per-file basis
|
|
with a line like @code{#+DRAWERS: HIDDEN PROPERTIES STATE}}. Drawers
|
|
look like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
** This is a headline
|
|
Still outside the drawer
|
|
:DRAWERNAME:
|
|
This is inside the drawer.
|
|
:END:
|
|
After the drawer.
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Visibility cycling (@pxref{Visibility cycling}) on the headline will
|
|
hide and show the entry, but keep the drawer collapsed to a single line.
|
|
In order to look inside the drawer, you need to move the cursor to the
|
|
drawer line and press @key{TAB} there. Org mode uses a drawer for
|
|
storing properties (@pxref{Properties and Columns}).
|
|
|
|
@node Orgstruct mode, , Drawers, Document Structure
|
|
@section The Orgstruct minor mode
|
|
@cindex Orgstruct mode
|
|
@cindex minor mode for structure editing
|
|
|
|
If you like the intuitive way the Org mode structure editing and list
|
|
formatting works, you might want to use these commands in other modes
|
|
like Text mode or Mail mode as well. The minor mode Orgstruct mode
|
|
makes this possible. You can always toggle the mode with @kbd{M-x
|
|
orgstruct-mode}. To turn it on by default, for example in Mail mode,
|
|
use
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgstruct)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
When this mode is active and the cursor is on a line that looks to
|
|
Org like a headline of the first line of a list item, most
|
|
structure editing commands will work, even if the same keys normally
|
|
have different functionality in the major mode you are using. If the
|
|
cursor is not in one of those special lines, Orgstruct mode lurks
|
|
silently in the shadow.
|
|
|
|
@node Tables, Hyperlinks, Document Structure, Top
|
|
@chapter Tables
|
|
@cindex tables
|
|
@cindex editing tables
|
|
|
|
Org comes with a fast and intuitive table editor. Spreadsheet-like
|
|
calculations are supported in connection with the Emacs @file{calc}
|
|
package
|
|
@ifinfo
|
|
(@pxref{Top,Calc,,Calc,Gnu Emacs Calculator Manual}).
|
|
@end ifinfo
|
|
@ifnotinfo
|
|
(see the Emacs Calculator manual for more information about the Emacs
|
|
calculator).
|
|
@end ifnotinfo
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
|
|
* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
|
|
* Column groups:: Grouping to trigger vertical lines
|
|
* Orgtbl mode:: The table editor as minor mode
|
|
* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Built-in table editor, Narrow columns, Tables, Tables
|
|
@section The built-in table editor
|
|
@cindex table editor, built-in
|
|
|
|
Org makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with
|
|
@samp{|} as the first non-whitespace character is considered part of a
|
|
table. @samp{|} is also the column separator. A table might look like
|
|
this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
| Name | Phone | Age |
|
|
|-------+-------+-----|
|
|
| Peter | 1234 | 17 |
|
|
| Anna | 4321 | 25 |
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press @key{TAB} or
|
|
@key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} inside the table. @key{TAB} also moves to
|
|
the next field (@key{RET} to the next row) and creates new table rows
|
|
at the end of the table or before horizontal lines. The indentation
|
|
of the table is set by the first line. Any line starting with
|
|
@samp{|-} is considered as a horizontal separator line and will be
|
|
expanded on the next re-align to span the whole table width. So, to
|
|
create the above table, you would only type
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
|Name|Phone|Age|
|
|
|-
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent and then press @key{TAB} to align the table and start filling in
|
|
fields.
|
|
|
|
When typing text into a field, Org treats @key{DEL},
|
|
@key{Backspace}, and all character keys in a special way, so that
|
|
inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when
|
|
typing @emph{immediately after the cursor was moved into a new field
|
|
with @kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}}}, the
|
|
field is automatically made blank. If this behavior is too
|
|
unpredictable for you, configure the variables
|
|
@code{org-enable-table-editor} and @code{org-table-auto-blank-field}.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@tsubheading{Creation and conversion}
|
|
@kindex C-c |
|
|
@item C-c |
|
|
Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least one
|
|
TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab separated.
|
|
If every line contains a comma, comma-separated values (CSV) are assumed.
|
|
If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields. You can use a prefix
|
|
argument to force a specific separator: @kbd{C-u} forces CSV, @kbd{C-u
|
|
C-u} forces TAB, and a numeric argument N indicates that at least N
|
|
consecutive spaces, or alternatively a TAB will be the separator.
|
|
@*
|
|
If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org
|
|
table. But it's easier just to start typing, like
|
|
@kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Re-aligning and field motion}
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
Re-align the table without moving the cursor.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
|
@item @key{TAB}
|
|
Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if
|
|
necessary.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S-@key{TAB}
|
|
@item S-@key{TAB}
|
|
Re-align, move to previous field.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex @key{RET}
|
|
@item @key{RET}
|
|
Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if
|
|
necessary. At the beginning or end of a line, @key{RET} still does
|
|
NEWLINE, so it can be used to split a table.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Column and row editing}
|
|
@kindex M-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex M-@key{right}
|
|
@item M-@key{left}
|
|
@itemx M-@key{right}
|
|
Move the current column left/right.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{left}
|
|
Kill the current column.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{right}
|
|
Insert a new column to the left of the cursor position.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex M-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex M-@key{down}
|
|
@item M-@key{up}
|
|
@itemx M-@key{down}
|
|
Move the current row up/down.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{up}
|
|
Kill the current row or horizontal line.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{down}
|
|
Insert a new row above the current row. With a prefix argument, the line is
|
|
created below the current one.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c -
|
|
@item C-c -
|
|
Insert a horizontal line below current row. With a prefix argument, the line
|
|
is created above the current line.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c ^
|
|
@item C-c ^
|
|
Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point indicates the
|
|
column to be used for sorting, and the range of lines is the range
|
|
between the nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire table. If
|
|
point is before the first column, you will be prompted for the sorting
|
|
column. If there is an active region, the mark specifies the first line
|
|
and the sorting column, while point should be in the last line to be
|
|
included into the sorting. The command prompts for the sorting type
|
|
(alphabetically, numerically, or by time). When called with a prefix
|
|
argument, alphabetic sorting will be case-sensitive.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Regions}
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x M-w
|
|
@item C-c C-x M-w
|
|
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard. Point
|
|
and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. The process ignores
|
|
horizontal separator lines.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-w
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-w
|
|
Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
|
|
blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the ``cut'' operation.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-y
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-y
|
|
Paste a rectangular region into a table.
|
|
The upper right corner ends up in the current field. All involved fields
|
|
will be overwritten. If the rectangle does not fit into the present table,
|
|
the table is enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal separator
|
|
lines.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-q
|
|
@kindex M-@key{RET}
|
|
@item C-c C-q
|
|
@itemx M-@kbd{RET}
|
|
Wrap several fields in a column like a paragraph. If there is an active
|
|
region, and both point and mark are in the same column, the text in the
|
|
column is wrapped to minimum width for the given number of lines. A numeric
|
|
prefix argument may be used to change the number of desired lines. If there
|
|
is no region, the current field is split at the cursor position and the text
|
|
fragment to the right of the cursor is prepended to the field one line
|
|
down. If there is no region, but you specify a prefix argument, the current
|
|
field is made blank, and the content is appended to the field above.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Calculations}
|
|
@cindex formula, in tables
|
|
@cindex calculations, in tables
|
|
@cindex region, active
|
|
@cindex active region
|
|
@cindex Transient mark mode
|
|
@kindex C-c +
|
|
@item C-c +
|
|
Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined by
|
|
the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can
|
|
be inserted with @kbd{C-y}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S-@key{RET}
|
|
@item S-@key{RET}
|
|
When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above.
|
|
When not empty, copy current field down to next row and move cursor
|
|
along with it. Depending on the variable
|
|
@code{org-table-copy-increment}, integer field values will be
|
|
incremented during copy. This key is also used by CUA mode
|
|
(@pxref{Cooperation}).
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Miscellaneous}
|
|
@kindex C-c `
|
|
@item C-c `
|
|
Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for fields
|
|
that are not fully visible (@pxref{Narrow columns}). When called with a
|
|
@kbd{C-u} prefix, just make the full field visible, so that it can be
|
|
edited in place.
|
|
@c
|
|
@item M-x org-table-import
|
|
Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB- or whitespace
|
|
separated. Useful, for example, to import a spreadsheet table or data
|
|
from a database, because these programs generally can write
|
|
TAB-separated text files. This command works by inserting the file into
|
|
the buffer and then converting the region to a table. Any prefix
|
|
argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it to determine the
|
|
separator.
|
|
@item C-c |
|
|
Tables can also be imported by pasting tabular text into the Org
|
|
buffer, selecting the pasted text with @kbd{C-x C-x} and then using the
|
|
@kbd{C-c |} command (see above under @i{Creation and conversion}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@item M-x org-table-export
|
|
Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data exchange with,
|
|
for example, spreadsheet or database programs.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
|
|
way on lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
|
|
it off with
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent Then the only table command that still works is
|
|
@kbd{C-c C-c} to do a manual re-align.
|
|
|
|
@node Narrow columns, Column groups, Built-in table editor, Tables
|
|
@section Narrow columns
|
|
@cindex narrow columns in tables
|
|
|
|
The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor.
|
|
Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text,
|
|
leading to inconveniently wide columns. To limit@footnote{This feature
|
|
does not work on XEmacs.} the width of a column, one field anywhere in
|
|
the column may contain just the string @samp{<N>} where @samp{N} is an
|
|
integer specifying the width of the column in characters. The next
|
|
re-align will then set the width of this column to no more than this
|
|
value.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@group
|
|
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
|
|
| | | | | <6> |
|
|
| 1 | one | | 1 | one |
|
|
| 2 | two | ----\ | 2 | two |
|
|
| 3 | This is a long chunk of text | ----/ | 3 | This=> |
|
|
| 4 | four | | 4 | four |
|
|
|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Fields that are wider become clipped and end in the string @samp{=>}.
|
|
Note that the full text is still in the buffer, it is only invisible.
|
|
To see the full text, hold the mouse over the field - a tool-tip window
|
|
will show the full content. To edit such a field, use the command
|
|
@kbd{C-c `} (that is @kbd{C-c} followed by the backquote). This will
|
|
open a new window with the full field. Edit it and finish with @kbd{C-c
|
|
C-c}.
|
|
|
|
When visiting a file containing a table with narrowed columns, the
|
|
necessary character hiding has not yet happened, and the table needs to
|
|
be aligned before it looks nice. Setting the option
|
|
@code{org-startup-align-all-tables} will realign all tables in a file
|
|
upon visiting, but also slow down startup. You can also set this option
|
|
on a per-file basis with:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+STARTUP: align
|
|
#+STARTUP: noalign
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Column groups, Orgtbl mode, Narrow columns, Tables
|
|
@section Column groups
|
|
@cindex grouping columns in tables
|
|
|
|
When Org exports tables, it does so by default without vertical
|
|
lines because that is visually more satisfying in general. Occasionally
|
|
however, vertical lines can be useful to structure a table into groups
|
|
of columns, much like horizontal lines can do for groups of rows. In
|
|
order to specify column groups, you can use a special row where the
|
|
first field contains only @samp{/}. The further fields can either
|
|
contain @samp{<} to indicate that this column should start a group,
|
|
@samp{>} to indicate the end of a column, or @samp{<>} to make a column
|
|
a group of its own. Boundaries between column groups will upon export be
|
|
marked with vertical lines. Here is an example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
| | N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) |
|
|
|---+----+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------|
|
|
| / | <> | < | | > | < | > |
|
|
| # | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|
|
| # | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 1.4142 | 1.1892 |
|
|
| # | 3 | 9 | 27 | 81 | 1.7321 | 1.3161 |
|
|
|---+----+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------|
|
|
#+TBLFM: $3=$2^2::$4=$2^3::$5=$2^4::$6=sqrt($2)::$7=sqrt(sqrt(($2))
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
It is also sufficient to just insert the column group starters after
|
|
every vertical line you'd like to have:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
| N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) |
|
|
|----+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------|
|
|
| / | < | | | < | |
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Orgtbl mode, The spreadsheet, Column groups, Tables
|
|
@section The Orgtbl minor mode
|
|
@cindex Orgtbl mode
|
|
@cindex minor mode for tables
|
|
|
|
If you like the intuitive way the Org table editor works, you
|
|
might also want to use it in other modes like Text mode or Mail mode.
|
|
The minor mode Orgtbl mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
|
|
the mode with @kbd{M-x orgtbl-mode}. To turn it on by default, for
|
|
example in mail mode, use
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, with some special setup, it is possible to maintain tables
|
|
in arbitrary syntax with Orgtbl mode. For example, it is possible to
|
|
construct La@TeX{} tables with the underlying ease and power of
|
|
Orgtbl mode, including spreadsheet capabilities. For details, see
|
|
@ref{Tables in arbitrary syntax}.
|
|
|
|
@node The spreadsheet, , Orgtbl mode, Tables
|
|
@section The spreadsheet
|
|
@cindex calculations, in tables
|
|
@cindex spreadsheet capabilities
|
|
@cindex @file{calc} package
|
|
|
|
The table editor makes use of the Emacs @file{calc} package to implement
|
|
spreadsheet-like capabilities. It can also evaluate Emacs Lisp forms to
|
|
derive fields from other fields. While fully featured, Org's
|
|
implementation is not identical to other spreadsheets. For example,
|
|
Org knows the concept of a @emph{column formula} that will be
|
|
applied to all non-header fields in a column without having to copy the
|
|
formula to each relevant field.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* References:: How to refer to another field or range
|
|
* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
|
|
* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
|
|
* Field formulas:: Formulas valid for a single field
|
|
* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
|
|
* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas
|
|
* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
|
|
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node References, Formula syntax for Calc, The spreadsheet, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection References
|
|
@cindex references
|
|
|
|
To compute fields in the table from other fields, formulas must
|
|
reference other fields or ranges. In Org, fields can be referenced
|
|
by name, by absolute coordinates, and by relative coordinates. To find
|
|
out what the coordinates of a field are, press @kbd{C-c ?} in that
|
|
field, or press @kbd{C-c @}} to toggle the display of a grid.
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Field references
|
|
@cindex field references
|
|
@cindex references, to fields
|
|
|
|
Formulas can reference the value of another field in two ways. Like in
|
|
any other spreadsheet, you may reference fields with a letter/number
|
|
combination like @code{B3}, meaning the 2nd field in the 3rd row.
|
|
@c Such references are always fixed to that field, they don't change
|
|
@c when you copy and paste a formula to a different field. So
|
|
@c Org's @code{B3} behaves like @code{$B$3} in other spreadsheets.
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Org also uses another, more general operator that looks like this:
|
|
@example
|
|
@@row$column
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Column references can be absolute like @samp{1}, @samp{2},...@samp{N},
|
|
or relative to the current column like @samp{+1} or @samp{-2}.
|
|
|
|
The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal
|
|
separator lines (hlines). You can use absolute row numbers
|
|
@samp{1}...@samp{N}, and row numbers relative to the current row like
|
|
@samp{+3} or @samp{-1}. Or specify the row relative to one of the
|
|
hlines: @samp{I} refers to the first hline@footnote{Note that only
|
|
hlines are counted that @emph{separate} table lines. If the table
|
|
starts with a hline above the header, it does not count.}, @samp{II} to
|
|
the second etc. @samp{-I} refers to the first such line above the
|
|
current line, @samp{+I} to the first such line below the current line.
|
|
You can also write @samp{III+2} which is the second data line after the
|
|
third hline in the table. Relative row numbers like @samp{-3} will not
|
|
cross hlines if the current line is too close to the hline. Instead,
|
|
the value directly at the hline is used.
|
|
|
|
@samp{0} refers to the current row and column. Also, if you omit
|
|
either the column or the row part of the reference, the current
|
|
row/column is implied.
|
|
|
|
Org's references with @emph{unsigned} numbers are fixed references
|
|
in the sense that if you use the same reference in the formula for two
|
|
different fields, the same field will be referenced each time.
|
|
Org's references with @emph{signed} numbers are floating
|
|
references because the same reference operator can reference different
|
|
fields depending on the field being calculated by the formula.
|
|
|
|
Here are a few examples:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@@2$3 @r{2nd row, 3rd column}
|
|
C2 @r{same as previous}
|
|
$5 @r{column 5 in the current row}
|
|
E& @r{same as previous}
|
|
@@2 @r{current column, row 2}
|
|
@@-1$-3 @r{the field one row up, three columns to the left}
|
|
@@-I$2 @r{field just under hline above current row, column 2}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Range references
|
|
@cindex range references
|
|
@cindex references, to ranges
|
|
|
|
You may reference a rectangular range of fields by specifying two field
|
|
references connected by two dots @samp{..}. If both fields are in the
|
|
current row, you may simply use @samp{$2..$7}, but if at least one field
|
|
is in a different row, you need to use the general @code{@@row$column}
|
|
format at least for the first field (i.e the reference must start with
|
|
@samp{@@} in order to be interpreted correctly). Examples:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
$1..$3 @r{First three fields in the current row.}
|
|
$P..$Q @r{Range, using column names (see under Advanced)}
|
|
@@2$1..@@4$3 @r{6 fields between these two fields.}
|
|
A2..C4 @r{Same as above.}
|
|
@@-1$-2..@@-1 @r{3 numbers from the column to the left, 2 up to current row}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent Range references return a vector of values that can be fed
|
|
into Calc vector functions. Empty fields in ranges are normally
|
|
suppressed, so that the vector contains only the non-empty fields (but
|
|
see the @samp{E} mode switch below). If there are no non-empty fields,
|
|
@samp{[0]} is returned to avoid syntax errors in formulas.
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Named references
|
|
@cindex named references
|
|
@cindex references, named
|
|
@cindex name, of column or field
|
|
@cindex constants, in calculations
|
|
|
|
@samp{$name} is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or
|
|
constant. Constants are defined globally through the variable
|
|
@code{org-table-formula-constants}, and locally (for the file) through a
|
|
line like
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+CONSTANTS: c=299792458. pi=3.14 eps=2.4e-6
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Also properties (@pxref{Properties and Columns}) can be used as
|
|
constants in table formulas: For a property @samp{:Xyz:} use the name
|
|
@samp{$PROP_Xyz}, and the property will be searched in the current
|
|
outline entry and in the hierarchy above it. If you have the
|
|
@file{constants.el} package, it will also be used to resolve constants,
|
|
including natural constants like @samp{$h} for Planck's constant, and
|
|
units like @samp{$km} for kilometers@footnote{@file{Constant.el} can
|
|
supply the values of constants in two different unit systems, @code{SI}
|
|
and @code{cgs}. Which one is used depends on the value of the variable
|
|
@code{constants-unit-system}. You can use the @code{#+STARTUP} options
|
|
@code{constSI} and @code{constcgs} to set this value for the current
|
|
buffer.}. Column names and parameters can be specified in special table
|
|
lines. These are described below, see @ref{Advanced features}. All
|
|
names must start with a letter, and further consist of letters and
|
|
numbers.
|
|
|
|
@node Formula syntax for Calc, Formula syntax for Lisp, References, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection Formula syntax for Calc
|
|
@cindex formula syntax, Calc
|
|
@cindex syntax, of formulas
|
|
|
|
A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs
|
|
@file{Calc} package. @b{Note that @file{calc} has the
|
|
non-standard convention that @samp{/} has lower precedence than
|
|
@samp{*}, so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as @samp{a/(b*c)}.} Before
|
|
evaluation by @code{calc-eval} (@pxref{Calling Calc from
|
|
Your Programs,calc-eval,Calling Calc from Your Lisp Programs,Calc,GNU
|
|
Emacs Calc Manual}),
|
|
@c FIXME: The link to the Calc manual in HTML does not work.
|
|
variable substitution takes place according to the rules described above.
|
|
@cindex vectors, in table calculations
|
|
The range vectors can be directly fed into the Calc vector functions
|
|
like @samp{vmean} and @samp{vsum}.
|
|
|
|
@cindex format specifier
|
|
@cindex mode, for @file{calc}
|
|
A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon. This
|
|
string consists of flags to influence Calc and other modes during
|
|
execution. By default, Org uses the standard Calc modes (precision
|
|
12, angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off. The display
|
|
format, however, has been changed to @code{(float 5)} to keep tables
|
|
compact. The default settings can be configured using the variable
|
|
@code{org-calc-default-modes}.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
p20 @r{switch the internal precision to 20 digits}
|
|
n3 s3 e2 f4 @r{normal, scientific, engineering, or fixed display format}
|
|
D R @r{angle modes: degrees, radians}
|
|
F S @r{fraction and symbolic modes}
|
|
N @r{interpret all fields as numbers, use 0 for non-numbers}
|
|
T @r{force text interpretation}
|
|
E @r{keep empty fields in ranges}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
In addition, you may provide a @code{printf} format specifier to
|
|
reformat the final result. A few examples:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
$1+$2 @r{Sum of first and second field}
|
|
$1+$2;%.2f @r{Same, format result to two decimals}
|
|
exp($2)+exp($1) @r{Math functions can be used}
|
|
$0;%.1f @r{Reformat current cell to 1 decimal}
|
|
($3-32)*5/9 @r{Degrees F -> C conversion}
|
|
$c/$1/$cm @r{Hz -> cm conversion, using @file{constants.el}}
|
|
tan($1);Dp3s1 @r{Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1}
|
|
sin($1);Dp3%.1e @r{Same, but use printf specifier for display}
|
|
vmean($2..$7) @r{Compute column range mean, using vector function}
|
|
vmean($2..$7);EN @r{Same, but treat empty fields as 0}
|
|
taylor($3,x=7,2) @r{taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Calc also contains a complete set of logical operations. For example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
if($1<20,teen,string("")) @r{``teen'' if age $1 less than 20, else empty}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Formula syntax for Lisp, Field formulas, Formula syntax for Calc, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection Emacs Lisp forms as formulas
|
|
@cindex Lisp forms, as table formulas
|
|
|
|
It is also possible to write a formula in Emacs Lisp; this can be useful
|
|
for string manipulation and control structures, if the Calc's
|
|
functionality is not enough. If a formula starts with a single quote
|
|
followed by an opening parenthesis, then it is evaluated as a lisp form.
|
|
The evaluation should return either a string or a number. Just as with
|
|
@file{calc} formulas, you can specify modes and a printf format after a
|
|
semicolon. With Emacs Lisp forms, you need to be conscious about the way
|
|
field references are interpolated into the form. By default, a
|
|
reference will be interpolated as a Lisp string (in double quotes)
|
|
containing the field. If you provide the @samp{N} mode switch, all
|
|
referenced elements will be numbers (non-number fields will be zero) and
|
|
interpolated as Lisp numbers, without quotes. If you provide the
|
|
@samp{L} flag, all fields will be interpolated literally, without quotes.
|
|
I.e., if you want a reference to be interpreted as a string by the Lisp
|
|
form, enclose the reference operator itself in double quotes, like
|
|
@code{"$3"}. Ranges are inserted as space-separated fields, so you can
|
|
embed them in list or vector syntax. A few examples, note how the
|
|
@samp{N} mode is used when we do computations in lisp.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@r{Swap the first two characters of the content of column 1}
|
|
'(concat (substring $1 1 2) (substring $1 0 1) (substring $1 2))
|
|
@r{Add columns 1 and 2, equivalent to the Calc's @code{$1+$2}}
|
|
'(+ $1 $2);N
|
|
@r{Compute the sum of columns 1-4, like Calc's @code{vsum($1..$4)}}
|
|
'(apply '+ '($1..$4));N
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Field formulas, Column formulas, Formula syntax for Lisp, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection Field formulas
|
|
@cindex field formula
|
|
@cindex formula, for individual table field
|
|
|
|
To assign a formula to a particular field, type it directly into the
|
|
field, preceded by @samp{:=}, for example @samp{:=$1+$2}. When you
|
|
press @key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in
|
|
the field, the formula will be stored as the formula for this field,
|
|
evaluated, and the current field replaced with the result.
|
|
|
|
Formulas are stored in a special line starting with @samp{#+TBLFM:}
|
|
directly below the table. If you typed the equation in the 4th field of
|
|
the 3rd data line in the table, the formula will look like
|
|
@samp{@@3$4=$1+$2}. When inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows
|
|
with the appropriate commands, @i{absolute references} (but not relative
|
|
ones) in stored formulas are modified in order to still reference the
|
|
same field. Of cause this is not true if you edit the table structure
|
|
with normal editing commands - then you must fix the equations yourself.
|
|
|
|
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
|
|
following command
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c =
|
|
@item C-u C-c =
|
|
Install a new formula for the current field. The command prompts for a
|
|
formula, with default taken from the @samp{#+TBLFM:} line, applies
|
|
it to the current field and stores it.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Column formulas, Editing and debugging formulas, Field formulas, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection Column formulas
|
|
@cindex column formula
|
|
@cindex formula, for table column
|
|
|
|
Often in a table, the same formula should be used for all fields in a
|
|
particular column. Instead of having to copy the formula to all fields
|
|
in that column, Org allows to assign a single formula to an entire
|
|
column. If the table contains horizontal separator hlines, everything
|
|
before the first such line is considered part of the table @emph{header}
|
|
and will not be modified by column formulas.
|
|
|
|
To assign a formula to a column, type it directly into any field in the
|
|
column, preceded by an equal sign, like @samp{=$1+$2}. When you press
|
|
@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the
|
|
field, the formula will be stored as the formula for the current column,
|
|
evaluated and the current field replaced with the result. If the field
|
|
contains only @samp{=}, the previously stored formula for this column is
|
|
used. For each column, Org will only remember the most recently
|
|
used formula. In the @samp{TBLFM:} line, column formulas will look like
|
|
@samp{$4=$1+$2}.
|
|
|
|
Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
|
|
following command:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c =
|
|
@item C-c =
|
|
Install a new formula for the current column and replace current field with
|
|
the result of the formula. The command prompts for a formula, with default
|
|
taken from the @samp{#+TBLFM} line, applies it to the current field and
|
|
stores it. With a numeric prefix argument(e.g. @kbd{C-5 C-c =}) the command
|
|
will apply it to that many consecutive fields in the current column.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Editing and debugging formulas, Updating the table, Column formulas, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection Editing and debugging formulas
|
|
@cindex formula editing
|
|
@cindex editing, of table formulas
|
|
|
|
You can edit individual formulas in the minibuffer or directly in the
|
|
field. Org can also prepare a special buffer with all active
|
|
formulas of a table. When offering a formula for editing, Org
|
|
converts references to the standard format (like @code{B3} or @code{D&})
|
|
if possible. If you prefer to only work with the internal format (like
|
|
@code{@@3$2} or @code{$4}), configure the variable
|
|
@code{org-table-use-standard-references}.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c =
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c =
|
|
@item C-c =
|
|
@itemx C-u C-c =
|
|
Edit the formula associated with the current column/field in the
|
|
minibuffer. See @ref{Column formulas} and @ref{Field formulas}.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-u C-c =
|
|
@item C-u C-u C-c =
|
|
Re-insert the active formula (either a
|
|
field formula, or a column formula) into the current field, so that you
|
|
can edit it directly in the field. The advantage over editing in the
|
|
minibuffer is that you can use the command @kbd{C-c ?}.
|
|
@kindex C-c ?
|
|
@item C-c ?
|
|
While editing a formula in a table field, highlight the field(s)
|
|
referenced by the reference at the cursor position in the formula.
|
|
@kindex C-c @}
|
|
@item C-c @}
|
|
Toggle the display of row and column numbers for a table, using
|
|
overlays. These are updated each time the table is aligned, you can
|
|
force it with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
|
|
@kindex C-c @{
|
|
@item C-c @{
|
|
Toggle the formula debugger on and off. See below.
|
|
@kindex C-c '
|
|
@item C-c '
|
|
Edit all formulas for the current table in a special buffer, where the
|
|
formulas will be displayed one per line. If the current field has an
|
|
active formula, the cursor in the formula editor will mark it.
|
|
While inside the special buffer, Org will automatically highlight
|
|
any field or range reference at the cursor position. You may edit,
|
|
remove and add formulas, and use the following commands:
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@kindex C-x C-s
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
@itemx C-x C-s
|
|
Exit the formula editor and store the modified formulas. With @kbd{C-u}
|
|
prefix, also apply the new formulas to the entire table.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-q
|
|
@item C-c C-q
|
|
Exit the formula editor without installing changes.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-r
|
|
@item C-c C-r
|
|
Toggle all references in the formula editor between standard (like
|
|
@code{B3}) and internal (like @code{@@3$2}).
|
|
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
|
@item @key{TAB}
|
|
Pretty-print or indent lisp formula at point. When in a line containing
|
|
a lisp formula, format the formula according to Emacs Lisp rules.
|
|
Another @key{TAB} collapses the formula back again. In the open
|
|
formula, @key{TAB} re-indents just like in Emacs lisp mode.
|
|
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
|
@item M-@key{TAB}
|
|
Complete Lisp symbols, just like in Emacs lisp mode.
|
|
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@item S-@key{up}/@key{down}/@key{left}/@key{right}
|
|
Shift the reference at point. For example, if the reference is
|
|
@code{B3} and you press @kbd{S-@key{right}}, it will become @code{C3}.
|
|
This also works for relative references, and for hline references.
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{up}/@key{down}
|
|
Move the test line for column formulas in the Org buffer up and
|
|
down.
|
|
@kindex M-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex M-@key{down}
|
|
@item M-@key{up}/@key{down}
|
|
Scroll the window displaying the table.
|
|
@kindex C-c @}
|
|
@item C-c @}
|
|
Turn the coordinate grid in the table on and off.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Making a table field blank does not remove the formula associated with
|
|
the field, because that is stored in a different line (the @samp{TBLFM}
|
|
line) - during the next recalculation the field will be filled again.
|
|
To remove a formula from a field, you have to give an empty reply when
|
|
prompted for the formula, or to edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} line.
|
|
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
You may edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} directly and re-apply the changed
|
|
equations with @kbd{C-c C-c} in that line, or with the normal
|
|
recalculation commands in the table.
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Debugging formulas
|
|
@cindex formula debugging
|
|
@cindex debugging, of table formulas
|
|
When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
|
|
becomes the string @samp{#ERROR}. If you would like see what is going
|
|
on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a bug,
|
|
turn on formula debugging in the @code{Tbl} menu and repeat the
|
|
calculation, for example by pressing @kbd{C-u C-u C-c = @key{RET}} in a
|
|
field. Detailed information will be displayed.
|
|
|
|
@node Updating the table, Advanced features, Editing and debugging formulas, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection Updating the table
|
|
@cindex recomputing table fields
|
|
@cindex updating, table
|
|
|
|
Recalculation of a table is normally not automatic, but needs to be
|
|
triggered by a command. See @ref{Advanced features} for a way to make
|
|
recalculation at least semi-automatically.
|
|
|
|
In order to recalculate a line of a table or the entire table, use the
|
|
following commands:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c *
|
|
@item C-c *
|
|
Recalculate the current row by first applying the stored column formulas
|
|
from left to right, and all field formulas in the current row.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c *
|
|
@item C-u C-c *
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-c
|
|
@itemx C-u C-c C-c
|
|
Recompute the entire table, line by line. Any lines before the first
|
|
hline are left alone, assuming that these are part of the table header.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-u C-u C-c *
|
|
@kindex C-u C-u C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-u C-u C-c *
|
|
@itemx C-u C-u C-c C-c
|
|
Iterate the table by recomputing it until no further changes occur.
|
|
This may be necessary if some computed fields use the value of other
|
|
fields that are computed @i{later} in the calculation sequence.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Advanced features, , Updating the table, The spreadsheet
|
|
@subsection Advanced features
|
|
|
|
If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if
|
|
you want to be able to assign @i{names} to fields and columns, you need
|
|
to reserve the first column of the table for special marking characters.
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-#
|
|
@item C-#
|
|
Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states @samp{},
|
|
@samp{#}, @samp{*}, @samp{!}, @samp{$}. The meaning of these characters
|
|
is discussed below. When there is an active region, change all marks in
|
|
the region.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of a table that collects exam results of students and
|
|
makes use of these features:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@group
|
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|
| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note |
|
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|
| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | |
|
|
| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 |
|
|
| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | |
|
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|
| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 |
|
|
| # | Sara | 6 | 14 | 19 | 39 | 7.8 |
|
|
| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 |
|
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|
| | Average | | | | 29.7 | |
|
|
| ^ | | | | | at | |
|
|
| $ | max=50 | | | | | |
|
|
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
|
|
#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(@@-II..@@-I);%.1f
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent @b{Important}: Please note that for these special tables,
|
|
recalculating the table with @kbd{C-u C-c *} will only affect rows that
|
|
are marked @samp{#} or @samp{*}, and fields that have a formula assigned
|
|
to the field itself. The column formulas are not applied in rows with
|
|
empty first field.
|
|
|
|
@cindex marking characters, tables
|
|
The marking characters have the following meaning:
|
|
@table @samp
|
|
@item !
|
|
The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you may
|
|
refer to a column as @samp{$Tot} instead of @samp{$6}.
|
|
@item ^
|
|
This row defines names for the fields @emph{above} the row. With such
|
|
a definition, any formula in the table may use @samp{$m1} to refer to
|
|
the value @samp{10}. Also, if you assign a formula to a names field, it
|
|
will be stored as @samp{$name=...}.
|
|
@item _
|
|
Similar to @samp{^}, but defines names for the fields in the row
|
|
@emph{below}.
|
|
@item $
|
|
Fields in this row can define @emph{parameters} for formulas. For
|
|
example, if a field in a @samp{$} row contains @samp{max=50}, then
|
|
formulas in this table can refer to the value 50 using @samp{$max}.
|
|
Parameters work exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on
|
|
a per-table basis.
|
|
@item #
|
|
Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing
|
|
@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} in this row. Also, this row
|
|
is selected for a global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}. Unmarked
|
|
lines will be left alone by this command.
|
|
@item *
|
|
Selects this line for global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}, but
|
|
not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic
|
|
recalculation slows down editing too much.
|
|
@item
|
|
Unmarked lines are exempt from recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}.
|
|
All lines that should be recalculated should be marked with @samp{#}
|
|
or @samp{*}.
|
|
@item /
|
|
Do not export this line. Useful for lines that contain the narrowing
|
|
@samp{<N>} markers.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Finally, just to whet your appetite on what can be done with the
|
|
fantastic @file{calc} package, here is a table that computes the Taylor
|
|
series of degree @code{n} at location @code{x} for a couple of
|
|
functions.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@group
|
|
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
|
| | Func | n | x | Result |
|
|
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
|
| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x |
|
|
| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 |
|
|
| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 |
|
|
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 |
|
|
| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 |
|
|
| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 |
|
|
|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
|
|
#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Hyperlinks, TODO Items, Tables, Top
|
|
@chapter Hyperlinks
|
|
@cindex hyperlinks
|
|
|
|
Like HTML, Org provides links inside a file, external links to
|
|
other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Link format:: How links in Org are formatted
|
|
* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
|
|
* External links:: URL-like links to the world
|
|
* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
|
|
* Using links outside Org:: Linking from my C source code?
|
|
* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
|
|
* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
|
|
* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Link format, Internal links, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section Link format
|
|
@cindex link format
|
|
@cindex format, of links
|
|
|
|
Org will recognize plain URL-like links and activate them as
|
|
clickable links. The general link format, however, looks like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
[[link][description]] @r{or alternatively} [[link]]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Once a link in the buffer is complete (all brackets present), Org
|
|
will change the display so that @samp{description} is displayed instead
|
|
of @samp{[[link][description]]} and @samp{link} is displayed instead of
|
|
@samp{[[link]]}. Links will be highlighted in the face @code{org-link},
|
|
which by default is an underlined face. You can directly edit the
|
|
visible part of a link. Note that this can be either the @samp{link}
|
|
part (if there is no description) or the @samp{description} part. To
|
|
edit also the invisible @samp{link} part, use @kbd{C-c C-l} with the
|
|
cursor on the link.
|
|
|
|
If you place the cursor at the beginning or just behind the end of the
|
|
displayed text and press @key{BACKSPACE}, you will remove the
|
|
(invisible) bracket at that location. This makes the link incomplete
|
|
and the internals are again displayed as plain text. Inserting the
|
|
missing bracket hides the link internals again. To show the
|
|
internal structure of all links, use the menu entry
|
|
@code{Org->Hyperlinks->Literal links}.
|
|
|
|
@node Internal links, External links, Link format, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section Internal links
|
|
@cindex internal links
|
|
@cindex links, internal
|
|
@cindex targets, for links
|
|
|
|
If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal in
|
|
the current file. Links such as @samp{[[My Target]]} or @samp{[[My
|
|
Target][Find my target]]} lead to a text search in the current file.
|
|
The link can be followed with @kbd{C-c C-o} when the cursor is on the
|
|
link, or with a mouse click (@pxref{Handling links}). The preferred
|
|
match for such a link is a dedicated target: the same string in double
|
|
angular brackets. Targets may be located anywhere; sometimes it is
|
|
convenient to put them into a comment line. For example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
# <<My Target>>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent In HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), such targets will become
|
|
named anchors for direct access through @samp{http} links@footnote{Note
|
|
that text before the first headline is usually not exported, so the
|
|
first such target should be after the first headline.}.
|
|
|
|
If no dedicated target exists, Org will search for the words in the
|
|
link. In the above example the search would be for @samp{my target}.
|
|
Links starting with a star like @samp{*My Target} restrict the search to
|
|
headlines. When searching, Org mode will first try an exact match, but
|
|
then move on to more and more lenient searches. For example, the link
|
|
@samp{[[*My Targets]]} will find any of the following:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
** My targets
|
|
** TODO my targets are bright
|
|
** my 20 targets are
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be used.
|
|
Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into the buffer and
|
|
press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. All headlines in the current buffer will be
|
|
offered as completions. @xref{Handling links}, for more commands
|
|
creating links.
|
|
|
|
Following a link pushes a mark onto Org's own mark ring. You can
|
|
return to the previous position with @kbd{C-c &}. Using this command
|
|
several times in direct succession goes back to positions recorded
|
|
earlier.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Radio targets, , Internal links, Internal links
|
|
@subsection Radio targets
|
|
@cindex radio targets
|
|
@cindex targets, radio
|
|
@cindex links, radio targets
|
|
|
|
Org can automatically turn any occurrences of certain target names
|
|
in normal text into a link. So without explicitly creating a link, the
|
|
text connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are
|
|
enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target @samp{<<<My
|
|
Target>>>} causes each occurrence of @samp{my target} in normal text to
|
|
become activated as a link. The Org file is scanned automatically
|
|
for radio targets only when the file is first loaded into Emacs. To
|
|
update the target list during editing, press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the
|
|
cursor on or at a target.
|
|
|
|
@node External links, Handling links, Internal links, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section External links
|
|
@cindex links, external
|
|
@cindex external links
|
|
@cindex links, external
|
|
@cindex Gnus links
|
|
@cindex BBDB links
|
|
@cindex IRC links
|
|
@cindex URL links
|
|
@cindex file links
|
|
@cindex VM links
|
|
@cindex RMAIL links
|
|
@cindex WANDERLUST links
|
|
@cindex MH-E links
|
|
@cindex USENET links
|
|
@cindex SHELL links
|
|
@cindex Info links
|
|
@cindex elisp links
|
|
|
|
Org supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages,
|
|
BBDB database entries and links to both IRC conversations and their
|
|
logs. External links are URL-like locators. They start with a short
|
|
identifying string followed by a colon. There can be no space after
|
|
the colon. The following list shows examples for each link type.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik @r{on the web}
|
|
file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg @r{file, absolute path}
|
|
file:papers/last.pdf @r{file, relative path}
|
|
news:comp.emacs @r{Usenet link}
|
|
mailto:adent@@galaxy.net @r{Mail link}
|
|
vm:folder @r{VM folder link}
|
|
vm:folder#id @r{VM message link}
|
|
vm://myself@@some.where.org/folder#id @r{VM on remote machine}
|
|
wl:folder @r{WANDERLUST folder link}
|
|
wl:folder#id @r{WANDERLUST message link}
|
|
mhe:folder @r{MH-E folder link}
|
|
mhe:folder#id @r{MH-E message link}
|
|
rmail:folder @r{RMAIL folder link}
|
|
rmail:folder#id @r{RMAIL message link}
|
|
gnus:group @r{Gnus group link}
|
|
gnus:group#id @r{Gnus article link}
|
|
bbdb:Richard Stallman @r{BBDB link}
|
|
irc:/irc.com/#emacs/bob @r{IRC link}
|
|
shell:ls *.org @r{A shell command}
|
|
elisp:(find-file-other-frame "Elisp.org") @r{An elisp form to evaluate}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain a
|
|
descriptive text to be displayed instead of the URL (@pxref{Link
|
|
format}), for example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
[[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If the description is a file name or URL that points to an image, HTML
|
|
export (@pxref{HTML export}) will inline the image as a clickable
|
|
button. If there is no description at all and the link points to an
|
|
image,
|
|
that image will be inlined into the exported HTML file.
|
|
|
|
@cindex angular brackets, around links
|
|
@cindex plain text external links
|
|
Org also finds external links in the normal text and activates them
|
|
as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in
|
|
@samp{bbdb:Richard Stallman}), or if you need to remove ambiguities
|
|
about the end of the link, enclose them in angular brackets.
|
|
|
|
@node Handling links, Using links outside Org, External links, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section Handling links
|
|
@cindex links, handling
|
|
|
|
Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to
|
|
insert it into an Org file, and to follow the link.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c l
|
|
@cindex storing links
|
|
@item C-c l
|
|
Store a link to the current location. This is a @emph{global} command
|
|
which can be used in any buffer to create a link. The link will be
|
|
stored for later insertion into an Org buffer (see below). For
|
|
Org files, if there is a @samp{<<target>>} at the cursor, the
|
|
link points to the target. Otherwise it points to the current
|
|
headline. For VM, Rmail, Wanderlust, MH-E, Gnus and BBDB buffers, the
|
|
link will indicate the current article/entry. For W3 and W3M buffers,
|
|
the link goes to the current URL. For IRC links, if you set the
|
|
variable @code{org-irc-link-to-logs} to non-nil then @kbd{C-c l} will
|
|
store a @samp{file:/} style link to the relevant point in the logs for
|
|
the current conversation. Otherwise an @samp{irc:/} style link to the
|
|
user/channel/server under the point will be stored. For any other
|
|
files, the link will point to the file, with a search string
|
|
(@pxref{Search options}) pointing to the contents of the current line.
|
|
If there is an active region, the selected words will form the basis
|
|
of the search string. If the automatically created link is not
|
|
working correctly or accurately enough, you can write custom functions
|
|
to select the search string and to do the search for particular file
|
|
types - see @ref{Custom searches}. The key binding @kbd{C-c l} is
|
|
only a suggestion - see @ref{Installation}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-l
|
|
@cindex link completion
|
|
@cindex completion, of links
|
|
@cindex inserting links
|
|
@item C-c C-l
|
|
Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer. You
|
|
can just type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the link
|
|
type prefixes mentioned in the examples above. All links stored during the
|
|
current session are part of the history for this prompt, so you can access
|
|
them with @key{up} and @key{down} (or @kbd{M-p/n}). Completion, on the other
|
|
hand, will help you to insert valid link prefixes like @samp{http:} or
|
|
@samp{ftp:}, including the prefixes defined through link abbreviations
|
|
(@pxref{Link abbreviations}). The link will be inserted into the
|
|
buffer@footnote{After insertion of a stored link, the link will be removed
|
|
from the list of stored links. To keep it in the list later use, use a
|
|
triple @kbd{C-u} prefix argument to @kbd{C-c C-l}, or configure the option
|
|
@code{org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion}.}, along with a descriptive text.
|
|
If some text was selected when this command is called, the selected text
|
|
becomes the default description.@* Note that you don't have to use this
|
|
command to insert a link. Links in Org are plain text, and you can type
|
|
or paste them straight into the buffer. By using this command, the links are
|
|
automatically enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked for the
|
|
optional descriptive text.
|
|
@c
|
|
@c If the link is a @samp{file:} link and
|
|
@c the linked file is located in the same directory as the current file or
|
|
@c a subdirectory of it, the path of the file will be inserted relative to
|
|
@c the current directory.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-l
|
|
@cindex file name completion
|
|
@cindex completion, of file names
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-l
|
|
When @kbd{C-c C-l} is called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, a link to
|
|
a file will be inserted and you may use file name completion to select
|
|
the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted relative to the
|
|
directory of the current org file, if the linked file is in the current
|
|
directory or in a sub-directory of it, or if the path is written relative
|
|
to the current directory using @samp{../}. Otherwise an absolute path
|
|
is used, if possible with @samp{~/} for your home directory. You can
|
|
force an absolute path with two @kbd{C-u} prefixes.
|
|
@c
|
|
@item C-c C-l @r{(with cursor on existing link)}
|
|
When the cursor is on an existing link, @kbd{C-c C-l} allows you to edit the
|
|
link and description parts of the link.
|
|
@c
|
|
@cindex following links
|
|
@kindex C-c C-o
|
|
@item C-c C-o
|
|
Open link at point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
|
|
@command{browse-url-at-point}), run VM/MH-E/Wanderlust/Rmail/Gnus/BBDB
|
|
for the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link.
|
|
When the cursor is on an internal link, this commands runs the
|
|
corresponding search. When the cursor is on a TAG list in a headline,
|
|
it creates the corresponding TAGS view. If the cursor is on a time
|
|
stamp, it compiles the agenda for that date. Furthermore, it will visit
|
|
text and remote files in @samp{file:} links with Emacs and select a
|
|
suitable application for local non-text files. Classification of files
|
|
is based on file extension only. See option @code{org-file-apps}. If
|
|
you want to override the default application and visit the file with
|
|
Emacs, use a @kbd{C-u} prefix.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex mouse-2
|
|
@kindex mouse-1
|
|
@item mouse-2
|
|
@itemx mouse-1
|
|
On links, @kbd{mouse-2} will open the link just as @kbd{C-c C-o}
|
|
would. Under Emacs 22, also @kbd{mouse-1} will follow a link.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex mouse-3
|
|
@item mouse-3
|
|
Like @kbd{mouse-2}, but force file links to be opened with Emacs, and
|
|
internal links to be displayed in another window@footnote{See the
|
|
variable @code{org-display-internal-link-with-indirect-buffer}}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@cindex mark ring
|
|
@kindex C-c %
|
|
@item C-c %
|
|
Push the current position onto the mark ring, to be able to return
|
|
easily. Commands following an internal link do this automatically.
|
|
@c
|
|
@cindex links, returning to
|
|
@kindex C-c &
|
|
@item C-c &
|
|
Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the
|
|
commands following internal links, and by @kbd{C-c %}. Using this
|
|
command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of
|
|
previously recorded positions.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-n
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-p
|
|
@cindex links, finding next/previous
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-n
|
|
@itemx C-c C-x C-p
|
|
Move forward/backward to the next link in the buffer. At the limit of
|
|
the buffer, the search fails once, and then wraps around. The key
|
|
bindings for this are really too long, you might want to bind this also
|
|
to @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p}
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(add-hook 'org-load-hook
|
|
(lambda ()
|
|
(define-key 'org-mode-map "\C-n" 'org-next-link)
|
|
(define-key 'org-mode-map "\C-p" 'org-previous-link)))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Using links outside Org, Link abbreviations, Handling links, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section Using links outside Org
|
|
|
|
You can insert and follow links that have Org syntax not only in
|
|
Org, but in any Emacs buffer. For this, you should create two
|
|
global commands, like this (please select suitable global keys
|
|
yourself):
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(global-set-key "\C-c L" 'org-insert-link-global)
|
|
(global-set-key "\C-c o" 'org-open-at-point-global)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@node Link abbreviations, Search options, Using links outside Org, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section Link abbreviations
|
|
@cindex link abbreviations
|
|
@cindex abbreviation, links
|
|
|
|
Long URLs can be cumbersome to type, and often many similar links are
|
|
needed in a document. For this you can use link abbreviations. An
|
|
abbreviated link looks like this
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
[[linkword:tag][description]]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
where the tag is optional. Such abbreviations are resolved according to
|
|
the information in the variable @code{org-link-abbrev-alist} that
|
|
relates the linkwords to replacement text. Here is an example:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
@group
|
|
(setq org-link-abbrev-alist
|
|
'(("bugzilla" . "http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=")
|
|
("google" . "http://www.google.com/search?q=")
|
|
("ads" . "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/
|
|
nph-abs_connect?author=%s&db_key=AST")))
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
If the replacement text contains the string @samp{%s}, it will be
|
|
replaced with the tag. Otherwise the tag will be appended to the string
|
|
in order to create the link. You may also specify a function that will
|
|
be called with the tag as the only argument to create the link.
|
|
|
|
With the above setting, you could link to a specific bug with
|
|
@code{[[bugzilla:129]]}, search the web for @samp{OrgMode} with
|
|
@code{[[google:OrgMode]]} and find out what the Org author is
|
|
doing besides Emacs hacking with @code{[[ads:Dominik,C]]}.
|
|
|
|
If you need special abbreviations just for a single Org buffer, you
|
|
can define them in the file with
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+LINK: bugzilla http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=
|
|
#+LINK: google http://www.google.com/search?q=%s
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
In-buffer completion @pxref{Completion} can be used after @samp{[} to
|
|
complete link abbreviations.
|
|
|
|
@node Search options, Custom searches, Link abbreviations, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section Search options in file links
|
|
@cindex search option in file links
|
|
@cindex file links, searching
|
|
|
|
File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a
|
|
particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a
|
|
line number or a search option after a double@footnote{For backward
|
|
compatibility, line numbers can also follow a single colon.} colon. For
|
|
example, when the command @kbd{C-c l} creates a link (@pxref{Handling
|
|
links}) to a file, it encodes the words in the current line as a search
|
|
string that can be used to find this line back later when following the
|
|
link with @kbd{C-c C-o}.
|
|
|
|
Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file
|
|
link, together with an explanation:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
[[file:~/code/main.c::255]]
|
|
[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]]
|
|
[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]]
|
|
[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item 255
|
|
Jump to line 255.
|
|
@item My Target
|
|
Search for a link target @samp{<<My Target>>}, or do a text search for
|
|
@samp{my target}, similar to the search in internal links, see
|
|
@ref{Internal links}. In HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), such a file
|
|
link will become an HTML reference to the corresponding named anchor in
|
|
the linked file.
|
|
@item *My Target
|
|
In an Org file, restrict search to headlines.
|
|
@item /regexp/
|
|
Do a regular expression search for @code{regexp}. This uses the Emacs
|
|
command @code{occur} to list all matches in a separate window. If the
|
|
target file is in Org mode, @code{org-occur} is used to create a
|
|
sparse tree with the matches.
|
|
@c If the target file is a directory,
|
|
@c @code{grep} will be used to search all files in the directory.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
|
|
to search the current file. For example, @code{[[file:::find me]]} does
|
|
a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just as
|
|
@samp{[[find me]]} would.
|
|
|
|
@node Custom searches, , Search options, Hyperlinks
|
|
@section Custom Searches
|
|
@cindex custom search strings
|
|
@cindex search strings, custom
|
|
|
|
The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the
|
|
actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all
|
|
cases. For example, BibTeX database files have many entries like
|
|
@samp{year="1993"} which would not result in good search strings,
|
|
because the only unique identification for a BibTeX entry is the
|
|
citation key.
|
|
|
|
If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to set
|
|
the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the search
|
|
for the string in the file. Using @code{add-hook}, these functions need
|
|
to be added to the hook variables
|
|
@code{org-create-file-search-functions} and
|
|
@code{org-execute-file-search-functions}. See the docstring for these
|
|
variables for more information. Org actually uses this mechanism
|
|
for Bib@TeX{} database files, and you can use the corresponding code as
|
|
an implementation example. Search for @samp{BibTeX links} in the source
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node TODO Items, Tags, Hyperlinks, Top
|
|
@chapter TODO Items
|
|
@cindex TODO items
|
|
|
|
Org mode does not maintain TODO lists as separate documents. Instead,
|
|
TODO items are an integral part of the notes file, because TODO items
|
|
usually come up while taking notes! With Org mode, simply mark any
|
|
entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, information is not
|
|
duplicated, and the entire context from which the TODO item emerged is
|
|
always present.
|
|
|
|
Of course, this technique for managing TODO items scatters them
|
|
throughout your notes file. Org mode compensates for this by providing
|
|
methods to give you an overview of all the things that you have to do.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
|
|
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
|
|
* Progress logging:: Dates and notes for progress
|
|
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
|
|
* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces
|
|
* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node TODO basics, TODO extensions, TODO Items, TODO Items
|
|
@section Basic TODO functionality
|
|
|
|
Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word
|
|
@samp{TODO}, for example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The most important commands to work with TODO entries are:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-t
|
|
@cindex cycling, of TODO states
|
|
@item C-c C-t
|
|
Rotate the TODO state of the current item among
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
|
|
'--------------------------------'
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from the timeline and
|
|
agenda buffers with the @kbd{t} command key (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
|
|
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-t
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-t
|
|
Select a specific keyword using completion or (if it has been set up)
|
|
the fast selection interface. For the latter, you need to assign keys
|
|
to TODO states, see @ref{Per-file keywords} and @ref{Setting tags} for
|
|
more information.
|
|
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@item S-@key{right}
|
|
@itemx S-@key{left}
|
|
Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. Useful
|
|
mostly if more than two TODO states are possible (@pxref{TODO
|
|
extensions}).
|
|
@kindex C-c C-v
|
|
@kindex C-c / t
|
|
@cindex sparse tree, for TODO
|
|
@item C-c C-v
|
|
@itemx C-c / t
|
|
View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (@pxref{Sparse trees}). Folds
|
|
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings hierarchy
|
|
above them. With a prefix argument, search for a specific TODO. You will be
|
|
prompted for the keyword, and you can also give a list of keywords like
|
|
@code{KWD1|KWD2|...}. With numeric prefix argument N, show the tree for the
|
|
Nth keyword in the variable @code{org-todo-keywords}. With two prefix
|
|
arguments, find all TODO and DONE entries.
|
|
@kindex C-c a t
|
|
@item C-c a t
|
|
Show the global TODO list. Collects the TODO items from all agenda
|
|
files (@pxref{Agenda Views}) into a single buffer. The new buffer will
|
|
be in @code{agenda-mode}, which provides commands to examine and
|
|
manipulate the TODO entries from the new buffer (@pxref{Agenda
|
|
commands}). @xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
|
|
@kindex S-M-@key{RET}
|
|
@item S-M-@key{RET}
|
|
Insert a new TODO entry below the current one.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node TODO extensions, Progress logging, TODO basics, TODO Items
|
|
@section Extended use of TODO keywords
|
|
@cindex extended TODO keywords
|
|
|
|
By default, marked TODO entries have one of only two states: TODO and
|
|
DONE. Org mode allows you to classify TODO items in more complex ways
|
|
with @emph{TODO keywords} (stored in @code{org-todo-keywords}). With
|
|
special setup, the TODO keyword system can work differently in different
|
|
files.
|
|
|
|
Note that @i{tags} are another way to classify headlines in general and
|
|
TODO items in particular (@pxref{Tags}).
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
|
|
* TODO types:: I do this, Fred does the rest
|
|
* Multiple sets in one file:: Mixing it all, and still finding your way
|
|
* Fast access to TODO states:: Single letter selection of a state
|
|
* Per-file keywords:: Different files, different requirements
|
|
* Faces for TODO keywords:: Highlighting states
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Workflow states, TODO types, TODO extensions, TODO extensions
|
|
@subsection TODO keywords as workflow states
|
|
@cindex TODO workflow
|
|
@cindex workflow states as TODO keywords
|
|
|
|
You can use TODO keywords to indicate different @emph{sequential} states
|
|
in the process of working on an item, for example@footnote{Changing
|
|
this variable only becomes effective after restarting Org mode in a
|
|
buffer.}:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
|
'((sequence "TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "|" "DONE" "DELEGATED")))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
The vertical bar separates the TODO keywords (states that @emph{need
|
|
action}) from the DONE states (which need @emph{no further action}. If
|
|
you don't provide the separator bar, the last state is used as the DONE
|
|
state.
|
|
@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
|
|
With this setup, the command @kbd{C-c C-t} will cycle an entry from TODO
|
|
to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE and DELEGATED. You may
|
|
also use a numeric prefix argument to quickly select a specific state. For
|
|
example @kbd{C-3 C-c C-t} will change the state immediately to VERIFY.
|
|
Or you can use @kbd{S-left} to go backward through the sequence. If you
|
|
define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion
|
|
(@pxref{Completion}) or even a special one-key selection scheme
|
|
(@pxref{Fast access to TODO states}) to insert these words into the
|
|
buffer. Changing a TODO state can be logged with a timestamp, see
|
|
@ref{Tracking TODO state changes} for more information.
|
|
|
|
@node TODO types, Multiple sets in one file, Workflow states, TODO extensions
|
|
@subsection TODO keywords as types
|
|
@cindex TODO types
|
|
@cindex names as TODO keywords
|
|
@cindex types as TODO keywords
|
|
|
|
The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different
|
|
@emph{types} of action items. For example, you might want to indicate
|
|
that items are for ``work'' or ``home''. Or, when you work with several
|
|
people on a single project, you might want to assign action items
|
|
directly to persons, by using their names as TODO keywords. This would
|
|
be set up like this:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-todo-keywords '((type "Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "|" "DONE")))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but rather
|
|
different types. So the normal work flow would be to assign a task to a
|
|
person, and later to mark it DONE. Org mode supports this style by adapting
|
|
the workings of the command @kbd{C-c C-t}@footnote{This is also true for the
|
|
@kbd{t} command in the timeline and agenda buffers.}. When used several
|
|
times in succession, it will still cycle through all names, in order to first
|
|
select the right type for a task. But when you return to the item after some
|
|
time and execute @kbd{C-c C-t} again, it will switch from any name directly
|
|
to DONE. Use prefix arguments or completion to quickly select a specific
|
|
name. You can also review the items of a specific TODO type in a sparse tree
|
|
by using a numeric prefix to @kbd{C-c C-v}. For example, to see all things
|
|
Lucy has to do, you would use @kbd{C-3 C-c C-v}. To collect Lucy's items
|
|
from all agenda files into a single buffer, you would use the numeric prefix
|
|
argument as well when creating the global TODO list: @kbd{C-3 C-c t}.
|
|
|
|
@node Multiple sets in one file, Fast access to TODO states, TODO types, TODO extensions
|
|
@subsection Multiple keyword sets in one file
|
|
@cindex TODO keyword sets
|
|
|
|
Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in
|
|
parallel. For example, you may want to have the basic
|
|
@code{TODO}/@code{DONE}, but also a workflow for bug fixing, and a
|
|
separate state indicating that an item has been canceled (so it is not
|
|
DONE, but also does not require action). Your setup would then look
|
|
like this:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
|
'((sequence "TODO" "|" "DONE")
|
|
(sequence "REPORT" "BUG" "KNOWNCAUSE" "|" "FIXED")
|
|
(sequence "|" "CANCELED")))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
The keywords should all be different, this helps Org mode to keep track
|
|
of which subsequence should be used for a given entry. In this setup,
|
|
@kbd{C-c C-t} only operates within a subsequence, so it switches from
|
|
@code{DONE} to (nothing) to @code{TODO}, and from @code{FIXED} to
|
|
(nothing) to @code{REPORT}. Therefore you need a mechanism to initially
|
|
select the correct sequence. Besides the obvious ways like typing a
|
|
keyword or using completion, you may also apply the following commands:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-S-@key{right}
|
|
@kindex C-S-@key{left}
|
|
@item C-S-@key{right}
|
|
@itemx C-S-@key{left}
|
|
These keys jump from one TODO subset to the next. In the above example,
|
|
@kbd{C-S-@key{right}} would jump from @code{TODO} or @code{DONE} to
|
|
@code{REPORT}, and any of the words in the second row to @code{CANCELED}.
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@item S-@key{right}
|
|
@itemx S-@key{left}
|
|
@kbd{S-@key{<left>}} and @kbd{S-@key{<right>}} and walk through
|
|
@emph{all} keywords from all sets, so for example @kbd{S-@key{<right>}}
|
|
would switch from @code{DONE} to @code{REPORT} in the example above.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Fast access to TODO states, Per-file keywords, Multiple sets in one file, TODO extensions
|
|
@subsection Fast access to TODO states
|
|
|
|
If you would like to quickly change an entry to an arbitrary TODO state
|
|
instead of cycling through the states, you can set up keys for
|
|
single-letter access to the states. This is done by adding the section
|
|
key after each keyword, in parenthesis. For example:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
|
'((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)")
|
|
(sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)")
|
|
(sequence "|" "CANCELED(c)")))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
If you then press @code{C-u C-c C-t} followed by the selection key, the
|
|
entry will be switched to this state. @key{SPC} can be used to remove
|
|
any TODO keyword from an entry. Should you like this way of selecting
|
|
TODO states a lot, you might want to set the variable
|
|
@code{org-use-fast-todo-selection} to @code{t} and make this behavior
|
|
the default. Check also the variable
|
|
@code{org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo}, it allows to change the TODO
|
|
state through the tags interface (@pxref{Setting tags}), in case you
|
|
like to mingle the two concepts.
|
|
|
|
@node Per-file keywords, Faces for TODO keywords, Fast access to TODO states, TODO extensions
|
|
@subsection Setting up keywords for individual files
|
|
@cindex keyword options
|
|
@cindex per-file keywords
|
|
|
|
It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in
|
|
different files. For file-local settings, you need to add special lines
|
|
to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that file
|
|
only. For example, to set one of the two examples discussed above, you
|
|
need one of the following lines, starting in column zero anywhere in the
|
|
file:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY | DONE CANCELED
|
|
@end example
|
|
or
|
|
@example
|
|
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike | DONE
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
A setup for using several sets in parallel would be:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO | DONE
|
|
#+SEQ_TODO: REPORT BUG KNOWNCAUSE | FIXED
|
|
#+SEQ_TODO: | CANCELED
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@cindex completion, of option keywords
|
|
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
|
@noindent To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type
|
|
@samp{#+} into the buffer and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion.
|
|
|
|
@cindex DONE, final TODO keyword
|
|
Remember that the keywords after the vertical bar (or the last keyword
|
|
if no bar is there) must always mean that the item is DONE (although you
|
|
may use a different word). After changing one of these lines, use
|
|
@kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the line to make the changes
|
|
known to Org mode@footnote{Org mode parses these lines only when
|
|
Org mode is activated after visiting a file. @kbd{C-c C-c} with the
|
|
cursor in a line starting with @samp{#+} is simply restarting Org mode
|
|
for the current buffer.}.
|
|
|
|
@node Faces for TODO keywords, , Per-file keywords, TODO extensions
|
|
@subsection Faces for TODO keywords
|
|
@cindex faces, for TODO keywords
|
|
|
|
Org mode highlights TODO keywords with special faces: @code{org-todo}
|
|
for keywords indicating that an item still has to be acted upon, and
|
|
@code{org-done} for keywords indicating that an item is finished. If
|
|
you are using more than 2 different states, you might want to use
|
|
special faces for some of them. This can be done using the variable
|
|
@code{org-todo-keyword-faces}. For example:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-todo-keyword-faces
|
|
'(("TODO" . org-warning)
|
|
("DEFERRED" . shadow)
|
|
("CANCELED" . (:foreground "blue" :weight bold))))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
While using a list with face properties as shown for CANCELED
|
|
@emph{should} work, this does not aways seem to be the case. If
|
|
necessary, define a special face and use that.
|
|
|
|
@page
|
|
@node Progress logging, Priorities, TODO extensions, TODO Items
|
|
@section Progress logging
|
|
@cindex progress logging
|
|
@cindex logging, of progress
|
|
|
|
Org mode can automatically record a time stamp and possibly a note when
|
|
you mark a TODO item as DONE, or even each time you change the state of
|
|
a TODO item. This system is highly configurable, settings can be on a
|
|
per-keyword basis and can be localized to a file or even a subtree. For
|
|
information on how to clock working time for a task, see @ref{Clocking
|
|
work time}.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
|
|
* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Closing items, Tracking TODO state changes, Progress logging, Progress logging
|
|
@subsection Closing items
|
|
|
|
The most basic logging is to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO
|
|
item was finished. This is achieved with@footnote{The corresponding
|
|
in-buffer setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: logdone}}.
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-log-done 'time)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Then each time you turn an entry from a TODO (not-done) state into any
|
|
of the DONE states, a line @samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} will be inserted
|
|
just after the headline. If you turn the entry back into a TODO item
|
|
through further state cycling, that line will be removed again. If you
|
|
want to record a note along with the timestamp, use@footnote{The
|
|
corresponding in-buffer setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: lognotedone}}
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-log-done 'note)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
You will then be prompted for a note, and that note will be stored below
|
|
the entry with a @samp{Closing Note} heading.
|
|
|
|
In the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and in the agenda
|
|
(@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}), you can then use the @kbd{l} key to
|
|
display the TODO items with a @samp{CLOSED} timestamp on each day,
|
|
giving you an overview of what has been done.
|
|
|
|
@node Tracking TODO state changes, , Closing items, Progress logging
|
|
@subsection Tracking TODO state changes
|
|
|
|
When TODO keywords are used as workflow states (@pxref{Workflow
|
|
states}), you might want to keep track of when a state change occurred
|
|
and maybe take a note about this change. Since it is normally too much
|
|
to record a note for every state, Org mode expects configuration on a
|
|
per-keyword basis for this. This is achieved by adding special markers
|
|
@samp{!} (for a time stamp) and @samp{@@} (for a note) in parenthesis
|
|
after each keyword. For example, with the setting
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-todo-keywords
|
|
'((sequence "TODO(t)" "WAIT(w@@/!)" "|" "DONE(d!)" "CANCELED(c@@)")))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
you not only define global TODO keywords and fast access keys, but also
|
|
request that a time is recorded when the entry is turned into
|
|
DONE@footnote{It is possible that Org mode will record two time stamps
|
|
when you are using both @code{org-log-done} and state change logging.
|
|
However, it will never prompt for two notes - if you have configured
|
|
both, the state change recording note will take precedence and cancel
|
|
the @samp{Closing Note}.}, and that a note is recorded when switching to
|
|
WAIT or CANCELED. The setting for WAIT is even more special: The
|
|
@samp{!} after the slash means that in addition to the note taken when
|
|
entering the state, a time stamp should be recorded when @i{leaving} the
|
|
WAIT state, if and only if the @i{target} state does not configure
|
|
logging for entering it. So it has no effect when switching from WAIT
|
|
to DONE, because DONE is configured to record a timestamp only. But
|
|
when switching from WAIT back to TODO, the @samp{/!} in the WAIT
|
|
setting now triggers a timestamp even though TODO has no logging
|
|
configured.
|
|
|
|
You can use the exact same syntax for setting logging preferences local
|
|
to a buffer:
|
|
@example
|
|
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO(t) WAIT(w@@/!) | DONE(d!) CANCELED(c@@)
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
In order to define logging settings that are local to a subtree or a
|
|
single item, define a LOGGING property in this entry. Any non-empty
|
|
LOGGING property resets all logging settings to nil. You may then turn
|
|
on logging for this specific tree using STARTUP keywords like
|
|
@code{lognotedone} or @code{logrepeat}, as well as adding state specific
|
|
settings like @code{TODO(!)}. For example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* TODO Log each state with only a time
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
:LOGGING: TODO(!) WAIT(!) DONE(!) CANCELED(!)
|
|
:END:
|
|
* TODO Only log when switching to WAIT, and when repeating
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
:LOGGING: WAIT(@@) logrepeat
|
|
:END:
|
|
* TODO No logging at all
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
:LOGGING: nil
|
|
:END:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Priorities, Breaking down tasks, Progress logging, TODO Items
|
|
@section Priorities
|
|
@cindex priorities
|
|
|
|
If you use Org mode extensively, you may end up enough TODO items that
|
|
it starts to make sense to prioritize them. Prioritizing can be done by
|
|
placing a @emph{priority cookie} into the headline of a TODO item, like
|
|
this
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
By default, Org mode supports three priorities: @samp{A}, @samp{B}, and
|
|
@samp{C}. @samp{A} is the highest priority. An entry without a cookie
|
|
is treated as priority @samp{B}. Priorities make a difference only in
|
|
the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}); outside the agenda, they have
|
|
no inherent meaning to Org mode.
|
|
|
|
Priorities can be attached to any outline tree entries; they do not need
|
|
to be TODO items.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex @kbd{C-c ,}
|
|
@item @kbd{C-c ,}
|
|
Set the priority of the current headline. The command prompts for a
|
|
priority character @samp{A}, @samp{B} or @samp{C}. When you press
|
|
@key{SPC} instead, the priority cookie is removed from the headline.
|
|
The priorities can also be changed ``remotely'' from the timeline and
|
|
agenda buffer with the @kbd{,} command (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
|
@item S-@key{up}
|
|
@itemx S-@key{down}
|
|
Increase/decrease priority of current headline@footnote{See also the
|
|
option @code{org-priority-start-cycle-with-default'}.}. Note that these
|
|
keys are also used to modify time stamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}).
|
|
Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
You can change the range of allowed priorities by setting the variables
|
|
@code{org-highest-priority}, @code{org-lowest-priority}, and
|
|
@code{org-default-priority}. For an individual buffer, you may set
|
|
these values (highest, lowest, default) like this (please make sure that
|
|
the highest priority is earlier in the alphabet than the lowest
|
|
priority):
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+PRIORITIES: A C B
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Breaking down tasks, Checkboxes, Priorities, TODO Items
|
|
@section Breaking tasks down into subtasks
|
|
@cindex tasks, breaking down
|
|
|
|
It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, manageable
|
|
subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree below a TODO
|
|
item, with detailed subtasks on the tree@footnote{To keep subtasks out
|
|
of the global TODO list, see the
|
|
@code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels}.}. Another possibility is the use
|
|
of checkboxes to identify (a hierarchy of) a large number of subtasks
|
|
(@pxref{Checkboxes}).
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Checkboxes, , Breaking down tasks, TODO Items
|
|
@section Checkboxes
|
|
@cindex checkboxes
|
|
|
|
Every item in a plain list (@pxref{Plain lists}) can be made into a
|
|
checkbox by starting it with the string @samp{[ ]}. This feature is
|
|
similar to TODO items (@pxref{TODO Items}), but is more lightweight.
|
|
Checkboxes are not included into the global TODO list, so they are often
|
|
great to split a task into a number of simple steps. Or you can use
|
|
them in a shopping list. To toggle a checkbox, use @kbd{C-c C-c}, or
|
|
use the mouse (thanks to Piotr Zielinski's @file{org-mouse.el}).
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of a checkbox list.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* TODO Organize party [2/4]
|
|
- [-] call people [1/3]
|
|
- [ ] Peter
|
|
- [X] Sarah
|
|
- [ ] Sam
|
|
- [X] order food
|
|
- [ ] think about what music to play
|
|
- [X] talk to the neighbors
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Checkboxes work hierarchically, so if a checkbox item has children that
|
|
are checkboxes, toggling one of the children checkboxes will make the
|
|
parent checkbox reflect if none, some, or all of the children are
|
|
checked.
|
|
|
|
@cindex statistics, for checkboxes
|
|
@cindex checkbox statistics
|
|
The @samp{[2/4]} and @samp{[1/3]} in the first and second line are
|
|
cookies indicating how many checkboxes present in this entry have been
|
|
checked off, and the total number of checkboxes are present. This can
|
|
give you an idea on how many checkboxes remain, even without opening a
|
|
folded entry. The cookies can be placed into a headline or into (the
|
|
first line of) a plain list item. Each cookie covers all checkboxes
|
|
structurally below the headline/item on which the cookie appear. You
|
|
have to insert the cookie yourself by typing either @samp{[/]} or
|
|
@samp{[%]}. With @samp{[/]} you get an @samp{n out of m} result, as in
|
|
the examples above. With @samp{[%]} you get information about the
|
|
percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be
|
|
@samp{[50%]} and @samp{[33%]}, respectively).
|
|
|
|
@noindent The following commands work with checkboxes:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
Toggle checkbox at point. With a prefix argument, set it to @samp{[-]},
|
|
which is considered to be an intermediate state.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-b
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-b
|
|
Toggle checkbox at point.
|
|
@itemize @minus
|
|
@item
|
|
If there is an active region, toggle the first checkbox in the region
|
|
and set all remaining boxes to the same status as the first. If you
|
|
want to toggle all boxes in the region independently, use a prefix
|
|
argument.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is in a headline, toggle checkboxes in the region between
|
|
this headline and the next (so @emph{not} the entire subtree).
|
|
@item
|
|
If there is no active region, just toggle the checkbox at point.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
|
|
@item M-S-@key{RET}
|
|
Insert a new item with a checkbox.
|
|
This works only if the cursor is already in a plain list item
|
|
(@pxref{Plain lists}).
|
|
@kindex C-c #
|
|
@item C-c #
|
|
Update the checkbox statistics in the current outline entry. When
|
|
called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, update the entire file. Checkbox
|
|
statistic cookies are updated automatically if you toggle checkboxes
|
|
with @kbd{C-c C-c} and make new ones with @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}}. If you
|
|
delete boxes or add/change them by hand, use this command to get things
|
|
back into synch. Or simply toggle any checkbox twice with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Tags, Properties and Columns, TODO Items, Top
|
|
@chapter Tags
|
|
@cindex tags
|
|
@cindex headline tagging
|
|
@cindex matching, tags
|
|
@cindex sparse tree, tag based
|
|
|
|
An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for cross-correlating
|
|
information is to assign @i{tags} to headlines. Org mode has extensive
|
|
support for tags.
|
|
|
|
Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of the
|
|
headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_},
|
|
and @samp{@@}. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon,
|
|
e.g., @samp{:WORK:}. Several tags can be specified, as in
|
|
@samp{:work:URGENT:}.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
|
|
* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
|
|
* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Tag inheritance, Setting tags, Tags, Tags
|
|
@section Tag inheritance
|
|
@cindex tag inheritance
|
|
@cindex inheritance, of tags
|
|
@cindex sublevels, inclusion into tags match
|
|
|
|
@i{Tags} make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
|
|
heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
|
|
well. For example, in the list
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Meeting with the French group :work:
|
|
** Summary by Frank :boss:notes:
|
|
*** TODO Prepare slides for him :action:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
the final heading will have the tags @samp{:work:}, @samp{:boss:},
|
|
@samp{:notes:}, and @samp{:action:} even though the final heading is not
|
|
explicitly marked with those tags. When executing tag searches and
|
|
Org mode finds that a certain headline matches the search criterion, it
|
|
will not check any sublevel headline, assuming that these also match and
|
|
that the list of matches could become very long because of that. If you
|
|
do want the sublevels be tested and listed as well, you may set the
|
|
variable @code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}. To limit tag inheritance
|
|
to specific tags, or to turn it off entirely, use the variable
|
|
@code{org-use-tag-inheritance}.
|
|
|
|
@node Setting tags, Tag searches, Tag inheritance, Tags
|
|
@section Setting tags
|
|
@cindex setting tags
|
|
@cindex tags, setting
|
|
|
|
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
|
Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline.
|
|
After a colon, @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} offers completion on tags. There is
|
|
also a special command for inserting tags:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
@cindex completion, of tags
|
|
Enter new tags for the current headline. Org mode will either offer
|
|
completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see
|
|
below. After pressing @key{RET}, the tags will be inserted and aligned
|
|
to @code{org-tags-column}. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, all
|
|
tags in the current buffer will be aligned to that column, just to make
|
|
things look nice. TAGS are automatically realigned after promotion,
|
|
demotion, and TODO state changes (@pxref{TODO basics}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Org will support tag insertion based on a @emph{list of tags}. By
|
|
default this list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags
|
|
currently used in the buffer. You may also globally specify a hard list
|
|
of tags with the variable @code{org-tag-alist}. Finally you can set
|
|
the default tags for a given file with lines like
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+TAGS: @@work @@home @@tennisclub
|
|
#+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the
|
|
variable @code{org-tag-alist}, but would like to use a dynamic tag list
|
|
in a specific file, add an empty TAGS option line to that file:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+TAGS:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
By default Org mode uses the standard minibuffer completion facilities for
|
|
entering tags. However, it also implements another, quicker, tag selection
|
|
method called @emph{fast tag selection}. This allows you to select and
|
|
deselect tags with just a single key press. For this to work well you should
|
|
assign unique letters to most of your commonly used tags. You can do this
|
|
globally by configuring the variable @code{org-tag-alist} in your
|
|
@file{.emacs} file. For example, you may find the need to tag many items in
|
|
different files with @samp{:@@home:}. In this case you can set something
|
|
like:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l)))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent If the tag is only relevant to the file you are working on then you
|
|
can, instead, set the TAGS option line as:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) laptop(l) pc(p)
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive. By using
|
|
braces, as in:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+TAGS: @{ @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) @} laptop(l) pc(p)
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent you indicate that at most one of @samp{@@work}, @samp{@@home},
|
|
and @samp{@@tennisclub} should be selected. Multiple such groups are allowed.
|
|
|
|
@noindent Don't forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in one of
|
|
these lines to activate any changes.
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
To set these mutually exclusive groups in the variable @code{org-mode-alist}
|
|
you must use the dummy tags @code{:startgroup} and @code{:endgroup} instead
|
|
of the braces. The previous example would be set globally by the following
|
|
configuration:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgroup . nil)
|
|
("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h)
|
|
("@@tennisclub" . ?t)
|
|
(:endgroup . nil)
|
|
("laptop" . ?l) ("pc" . ?p)))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
If at least one tag has a selection key then pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} will
|
|
automatically present you with a special interface, listing inherited tags,
|
|
the tags of the current headline, and a list of all valid tags with
|
|
corresponding keys@footnote{Keys will automatically be assigned to tags which
|
|
have no configured keys.}. In this interface, you can use the following
|
|
keys:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item a-z...
|
|
Pressing keys assigned to tags will add or remove them from the list of
|
|
tags in the current line. Selecting a tag in a group of mutually
|
|
exclusive tags will turn off any other tags from that group.
|
|
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
|
@item @key{TAB}
|
|
Enter a tag in the minibuffer, even if the tag is not in the predefined
|
|
list. You will be able to complete on all tags present in the buffer.
|
|
@kindex @key{SPC}
|
|
@item @key{SPC}
|
|
Clear all tags for this line.
|
|
@kindex @key{RET}
|
|
@item @key{RET}
|
|
Accept the modified set.
|
|
@item C-g
|
|
Abort without installing changes.
|
|
@item q
|
|
If @kbd{q} is not assigned to a tag, it aborts like @kbd{C-g}.
|
|
@item !
|
|
Turn off groups of mutually exclusive tags. Use this to (as an
|
|
exception) assign several tags from such a group.
|
|
@item C-c
|
|
Toggle auto-exit after the next change (see below).
|
|
If you are using expert mode, the first @kbd{C-c} will display the
|
|
selection window.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys. With
|
|
the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set @samp{@@home},
|
|
@samp{laptop} and @samp{pc} tags with just the following keys: @kbd{C-c
|
|
C-c @key{SPC} h l p @key{RET}}. Switching from @samp{@@home} to
|
|
@samp{@@work} would be done with @kbd{C-c C-c w @key{RET}} or
|
|
alternatively with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c w}. Adding the non-predefined tag
|
|
@samp{Sarah} could be done with @kbd{C-c C-c @key{TAB} S a r a h
|
|
@key{RET} @key{RET}}.
|
|
|
|
If you find that most of the time, you need only a single key press to
|
|
modify your list of tags, set the variable
|
|
@code{org-fast-tag-selection-single-key}. Then you no longer have to
|
|
press @key{RET} to exit fast tag selection - it will immediately exit
|
|
after the first change. If you then occasionally need more keys, press
|
|
@kbd{C-c} to turn off auto-exit for the current tag selection process
|
|
(in effect: start selection with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c} instead of @kbd{C-c
|
|
C-c}). If you set the variable to the value @code{expert}, the special
|
|
window is not even shown for single-key tag selection, it comes up only
|
|
when you press an extra @kbd{C-c}.
|
|
|
|
@node Tag searches, , Setting tags, Tags
|
|
@section Tag searches
|
|
@cindex tag searches
|
|
@cindex searching for tags
|
|
|
|
Once a system of tags has been set up, it can be used to collect related
|
|
information into special lists.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c \
|
|
@kindex C-c / T
|
|
@item C-c \
|
|
@itemx C-c / T
|
|
Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search. With a
|
|
@kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO line.
|
|
@kindex C-c a m
|
|
@item C-c a m
|
|
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files.
|
|
@xref{Matching tags and properties}.
|
|
@kindex C-c a M
|
|
@item C-c a M
|
|
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check
|
|
only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable
|
|
@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex Boolean logic, for tag searches
|
|
A @i{tags} search string can use Boolean operators @samp{&} for AND and
|
|
@samp{|} for OR. @samp{&} binds more strongly than @samp{|}.
|
|
Parenthesis are currently not implemented. A tag may also be preceded
|
|
by @samp{-}, to select against it, and @samp{+} is syntactic sugar for
|
|
positive selection. The AND operator @samp{&} is optional when @samp{+}
|
|
or @samp{-} is present. Examples:
|
|
|
|
@table @samp
|
|
@item +work-boss
|
|
Select headlines tagged @samp{:work:}, but discard those also tagged
|
|
@samp{:boss:}.
|
|
@item work|laptop
|
|
Selects lines tagged @samp{:work:} or @samp{:laptop:}.
|
|
@item work|laptop&night
|
|
Like before, but require the @samp{:laptop:} lines to be tagged also
|
|
@samp{:night:}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex TODO keyword matching, with tags search
|
|
If you are using multi-state TODO keywords (@pxref{TODO extensions}), it
|
|
can be useful to also match on the TODO keyword. This can be done by
|
|
adding a condition after a slash to a tags match. The syntax is similar
|
|
to the tag matches, but should be applied with consideration: For
|
|
example, a positive selection on several TODO keywords can not
|
|
meaningfully be combined with boolean AND. However, @emph{negative
|
|
selection} combined with AND can be meaningful. To make sure that only
|
|
lines are checked that actually have any TODO keyword, use @kbd{C-c a
|
|
M}, or equivalently start the TODO part after the slash with @samp{!}.
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
@table @samp
|
|
@item work/WAITING
|
|
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO
|
|
keyword @samp{WAITING}.
|
|
@item work/!-WAITING-NEXT
|
|
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines that are neither @samp{WAITING}
|
|
nor @samp{NEXT}
|
|
@item work/+WAITING|+NEXT
|
|
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines that are either @samp{WAITING} or
|
|
@samp{NEXT}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex regular expressions, with tags search
|
|
Any element of the tag/todo match can be a regular expression - in this
|
|
case it must be enclosed in curly braces. For example,
|
|
@samp{work+@{^boss.*@}} matches headlines that contain the tag
|
|
@samp{:work:} and any tag @i{starting} with @samp{boss}.
|
|
|
|
@cindex level, require for tags/property match
|
|
@cindex category, require for tags/property match
|
|
You can also require a headline to be of a certain level or category, by
|
|
writing instead of any TAG an expression like @samp{LEVEL=3} or
|
|
@samp{CATEGORY="work"}, respectively. For example, a search
|
|
@samp{+LEVEL=3+boss/-DONE} lists all level three headlines that have the
|
|
tag @samp{boss} and are @emph{not} marked with the TODO keyword DONE.
|
|
|
|
@node Properties and Columns, Dates and Times, Tags, Top
|
|
@chapter Properties and Columns
|
|
@cindex properties
|
|
|
|
Properties are a set of key-value pairs associated with an entry. There
|
|
are two main applications for properties in Org mode. First, properties
|
|
are like tags, but with a value. Second, you can use properties to
|
|
implement (very basic) database capabilities in an Org buffer. For
|
|
an example of the first application, imagine maintaining a file where
|
|
you document bugs and plan releases of a piece of software. Instead of
|
|
using tags like @code{:release_1:}, @code{:release_2:}, one can use a
|
|
property, say @code{:Release:}, that in different subtrees has different
|
|
values, such as @code{1.0} or @code{2.0}. For an example of the second
|
|
application of properties, imagine keeping track of your music CD's,
|
|
where properties could be things such as the album artist, date of
|
|
release, number of tracks, and so on.
|
|
|
|
Properties can be conveniently edited and viewed in column view
|
|
(@pxref{Column view}).
|
|
|
|
Properties are like tags, but with a value. For example, in a file
|
|
where you document bugs and plan releases of a piece of software,
|
|
instead of using tags like @code{:release_1:}, @code{:release_2:}, it
|
|
can be more efficient to use a property @code{:Release:} with a value
|
|
@code{1.0} or @code{2.0}. Second, you can use properties to implement
|
|
(very basic) database capabilities in an Org buffer, for example to
|
|
create a list of Music CD's you own. You can edit and view properties
|
|
conveniently in column view (@pxref{Column view}).
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Property syntax:: How properties are spelled out
|
|
* Special properties:: Access to other Org mode features
|
|
* Property searches:: Matching property values
|
|
* Property inheritance:: Passing values down the tree
|
|
* Column view:: Tabular viewing and editing
|
|
* Property API:: Properties for Lisp programmers
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Property syntax, Special properties, Properties and Columns, Properties and Columns
|
|
@section Property syntax
|
|
@cindex property syntax
|
|
@cindex drawer, for properties
|
|
|
|
Properties are key-value pairs. They need to be inserted into a special
|
|
drawer (@pxref{Drawers}) with the name @code{PROPERTIES}. Each property
|
|
is specified on a single line, with the key (surrounded by colons)
|
|
first, and the value after it. Here is an example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* CD collection
|
|
** Classic
|
|
*** Goldberg Variations
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
:Title: Goldberg Variations
|
|
:Composer: J.S. Bach
|
|
:Artist: Glen Gould
|
|
:Publisher: Deutsche Grammphon
|
|
:NDisks: 1
|
|
:END:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You may define the allowed values for a particular property @samp{:Xyz:}
|
|
by setting a property @samp{:Xyz_ALL:}. This special property is
|
|
@emph{inherited}, so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it will apply to
|
|
the entire tree. When allowed values are defined, setting the
|
|
corresponding property becomes easier and is less prone to typing
|
|
errors. For the example with the CD collection, we can predefine
|
|
publishers and the number of disks in a box like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* CD collection
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
:NDisks_ALL: 1 2 3 4
|
|
:Publisher_ALL: "Deutsche Grammophon" Phillips EMI
|
|
:END:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
If you want to set properties that can be inherited by any entry in a
|
|
file, use a line like
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+PROPERTY: NDisks_ALL 1 2 3 4
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Property values set with the global variable
|
|
@code{org-global-properties} can be inherited by all entries in all
|
|
Org files.
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The following commands help to work with properties:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
|
@item M-@key{TAB}
|
|
After an initial colon in a line, complete property keys. All keys used
|
|
in the current file will be offered as possible completions.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x p
|
|
@item C-c C-x p
|
|
Set a property. This prompts for a property name and a value. If
|
|
necessary, the property drawer is created as well.
|
|
@item M-x org-insert-property-drawer
|
|
Insert a property drawer into the current entry. The drawer will be
|
|
inserted early in the entry, but after the lines with planning
|
|
information like deadlines.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
With the cursor in a property drawer, this executes property commands.
|
|
@item C-c C-c s
|
|
Set a property in the current entry. Both the property and the value
|
|
can be inserted using completion.
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@item S-@key{left}/@key{right}
|
|
Switch property at point to the next/previous allowed value.
|
|
@item C-c C-c d
|
|
Remove a property from the current entry.
|
|
@item C-c C-c D
|
|
Globally remove a property, from all entries in the current file.
|
|
@item C-c C-c c
|
|
Compute the property at point, using the operator and scope from the
|
|
nearest column format definition.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Special properties, Property searches, Property syntax, Properties and Columns
|
|
@section Special properties
|
|
@cindex properties, special
|
|
|
|
Special properties provide alternative access method to Org mode
|
|
features discussed in the previous chapters, like the TODO state or the
|
|
priority of an entry. This interface exists so that you can include
|
|
these states into columns view (@pxref{Column view}), or to use them in
|
|
queries. The following property names are special and should not be
|
|
used as keys in the properties drawer:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
TODO @r{The TODO keyword of the entry.}
|
|
TAGS @r{The tags defined directly in the headline.}
|
|
ALLTAGS @r{All tags, including inherited ones.}
|
|
PRIORITY @r{The priority of the entry, a string with a single letter.}
|
|
DEADLINE @r{The deadline time string, without the angular brackets.}
|
|
SCHEDULED @r{The scheduling time stamp, without the angular brackets.}
|
|
TIMESTAMP @r{The first keyword-less time stamp in the entry.}
|
|
TIMESTAMP_IA @r{The first inactive time stamp in the entry.}
|
|
CLOCKSUM @r{The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree. @code{org-clock-sum}}
|
|
@r{must be run first to compute the values.}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Property searches, Property inheritance, Special properties, Properties and Columns
|
|
@section Property searches
|
|
@cindex properties, searching
|
|
@cindex searching, of properties
|
|
|
|
To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on
|
|
properties, the same commands are used as for tag searches (@pxref{Tag
|
|
searches}), and the same logic applies. For example, a search string
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
+work-boss+PRIORITY="A"+Coffee="unlimited"+Effort=""+With=@{Sarah\|Denny@}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
finds entries tagged @samp{:work:} but not @samp{:boss:}, which
|
|
also have a priority value @samp{A}, a @samp{:Coffee:} property with the
|
|
value @samp{unlimited}, an @samp{Effort} property that is undefined or
|
|
empty, and a @samp{:With:} property that is matched by
|
|
the regular expression @samp{Sarah\|Denny}.
|
|
|
|
You can configure Org mode to use property inheritance during a search,
|
|
see @ref{Property inheritance} for details.
|
|
|
|
There is also a special command for creating sparse trees based on a
|
|
single property:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c / p
|
|
@item C-c / p
|
|
Create a sparse tree based on the value of a property. This first
|
|
prompts for the name of a property, and then for a value. A sparse tree
|
|
is created with all entries that define this property with the given
|
|
value. If you enclose the value into curly braces, it is interpreted as
|
|
a regular expression and matched against the property values.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Property inheritance, Column view, Property searches, Properties and Columns
|
|
@section Property Inheritance
|
|
@cindex properties, inheritance
|
|
@cindex inheritance, of properties
|
|
|
|
The outline structure of Org mode documents lends itself for an
|
|
inheritance model of properties: If the parent in a tree has a certain
|
|
property, the children can inherit this property. Org mode does not
|
|
turn this on by default, because it can slow down property searches
|
|
significantly and is often not needed. However, if you find inheritance
|
|
useful, you can turn it on by setting the variable
|
|
@code{org-use-property-inheritance}. It may be set to @code{t}, to make
|
|
all properties inherited from the parent, to a list of properties
|
|
that should be inherited, or to a regular expression that matches
|
|
inherited properties.
|
|
|
|
Org mode has a few properties for which inheritance is hard-coded, at
|
|
least for the special applications for which they are used:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item COLUMNS
|
|
The @code{:COLUMNS:} property defines the format of column view
|
|
(@pxref{Column view}). It is inherited in the sense that the level
|
|
where a @code{:COLUMNS:} property is defined is used as the starting
|
|
point for a column view table, independently of the location in the
|
|
subtree from where columns view is turned on.
|
|
@item CATEGORY
|
|
For agenda view, a category set through a @code{:CATEGORY:} property
|
|
applies to the entire subtree.
|
|
@item ARCHIVE
|
|
For archiving, the @code{:ARCHIVE:} property may define the archive
|
|
location for the entire subtree (@pxref{Moving subtrees}).
|
|
@item LOGGING
|
|
The LOGGING property may define logging settings for an entry or a
|
|
subtree (@pxref{Tracking TODO state changes}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Column view, Property API, Property inheritance, Properties and Columns
|
|
@section Column view
|
|
|
|
A great way to view and edit properties in an outline tree is
|
|
@emph{column view}. In column view, each outline item is turned into a
|
|
table row. Columns in this table provide access to properties of the
|
|
entries. Org mode implements columns by overlaying a tabular structure
|
|
over the headline of each item. While the headlines have been turned
|
|
into a table row, you can still change the visibility of the outline
|
|
tree. For example, you get a compact table by switching to CONTENTS
|
|
view (@kbd{S-@key{TAB} S-@key{TAB}}, or simply @kbd{c} while column view
|
|
is active), but you can still open, read, and edit the entry below each
|
|
headline. Or, you can switch to column view after executing a sparse
|
|
tree command and in this way get a table only for the selected items.
|
|
Column view also works in agenda buffers (@pxref{Agenda Views}) where
|
|
queries have collected selected items, possibly from a number of files.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Defining columns:: The COLUMNS format property
|
|
* Using column view:: How to create and use column view
|
|
* Capturing column view:: A dynamic block for column view
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Defining columns, Using column view, Column view, Column view
|
|
@subsection Defining columns
|
|
@cindex column view, for properties
|
|
@cindex properties, column view
|
|
|
|
Setting up a column view first requires defining the columns. This is
|
|
done by defining a column format line.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Scope of column definitions:: Where defined, where valid?
|
|
* Column attributes:: Appearance and content of a column
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Scope of column definitions, Column attributes, Defining columns, Defining columns
|
|
@subsubsection Scope of column definitions
|
|
|
|
To define a column format for an entire file, use a line like
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
To specify a format that only applies to a specific tree, add a
|
|
@code{:COLUMNS:} property to the top node of that tree, for example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
** Top node for columns view
|
|
:PROPERTIES:
|
|
:COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
|
|
:END:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
If a @code{:COLUMNS:} property is present in an entry, it defines columns
|
|
for the entry itself, and for the entire subtree below it. Since the
|
|
column definition is part of the hierarchical structure of the document,
|
|
you can define columns on level 1 that are general enough for all
|
|
sublevels, and more specific columns further down, when you edit a
|
|
deeper part of the tree.
|
|
|
|
@node Column attributes, , Scope of column definitions, Defining columns
|
|
@subsubsection Column attributes
|
|
A column definition sets the attributes of a column. The general
|
|
definition looks like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
%[width]property[(title)][@{summary-type@}]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Except for the percent sign and the property name, all items are
|
|
optional. The individual parts have the following meaning:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
width @r{An integer specifying the width of the column in characters.}
|
|
@r{If omitted, the width will be determined automatically.}
|
|
property @r{The property that should be edited in this column.}
|
|
(title) @r{The header text for the column. If omitted, the}
|
|
@r{property name is used.}
|
|
@{summary-type@} @r{The summary type. If specified, the column values for}
|
|
@r{parent nodes are computed from the children.}
|
|
@r{Supported summary types are:}
|
|
@{+@} @r{Sum numbers in this column.}
|
|
@{+;%.1f@} @r{Like @samp{+}, but format result with @samp{%.1f}.}
|
|
@{$@} @r{Currency, short for @samp{+;%.2f}.}
|
|
@{:@} @r{Sum times, HH:MM:SS, plain numbers are hours.}
|
|
@{X@} @r{Checkbox status, [X] if all children are [X].}
|
|
@{X/@} @r{Checkbox status, [n/m].}
|
|
@{X%@} @r{Checkbox status, [n%].}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with allowed
|
|
values.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
:COLUMNS: %20ITEM %9Approved(Approved?)@{X@} %Owner %11Status \@footnote{Please note that the COLUMNS definition must be on a single line - it is wrapped here only because of formatting constraints.}
|
|
%10Time_Estimate@{:@} %CLOCKSUM
|
|
:Owner_ALL: Tammy Mark Karl Lisa Don
|
|
:Status_ALL: "In progress" "Not started yet" "Finished" ""
|
|
:Approved_ALL: "[ ]" "[X]"
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The first column, @samp{%25ITEM}, means the first 25 characters of the
|
|
item itself, i.e. of the headline. You probably always should start the
|
|
column definition with the @samp{ITEM} specifier. The other specifiers
|
|
create columns @samp{Owner} with a list of names as allowed values, for
|
|
@samp{Status} with four different possible values, and for a checkbox
|
|
field @samp{Approved}. When no width is given after the @samp{%}
|
|
character, the column will be exactly as wide as it needs to be in order
|
|
to fully display all values. The @samp{Approved} column does have a
|
|
modified title (@samp{Approved?}, with a question mark). Summaries will
|
|
be created for the @samp{Time_Estimate} column by adding time duration
|
|
expressions like HH:MM, and for the @samp{Approved} column, by providing
|
|
an @samp{[X]} status if all children have been checked. The
|
|
@samp{CLOCKSUM} column is special, it lists the sum of CLOCK intervals
|
|
in the subtree.
|
|
|
|
@node Using column view, Capturing column view, Defining columns, Column view
|
|
@subsection Using column view
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@tsubheading{Turning column view on and off}
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-c
|
|
Create the column view for the local environment. This command searches
|
|
the hierarchy, up from point, for a @code{:COLUMNS:} property that defines
|
|
a format. When one is found, the column view table is established for
|
|
the entire tree, starting from the entry that contains the @code{:COLUMNS:}
|
|
property. If none is found, the format is taken from the @code{#+COLUMNS}
|
|
line or from the variable @code{org-columns-default-format}, and column
|
|
view is established for the current entry and its subtree.
|
|
@kindex r
|
|
@item r
|
|
Recreate the column view, to include recent changes made in the buffer.
|
|
@kindex g
|
|
@item g
|
|
Same as @kbd{r}.
|
|
@kindex q
|
|
@item q
|
|
Exit column view.
|
|
@tsubheading{Editing values}
|
|
@item @key{left} @key{right} @key{up} @key{down}
|
|
Move through the column view from field to field.
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@item S-@key{left}/@key{right}
|
|
Switch to the next/previous allowed value of the field. For this, you
|
|
have to have specified allowed values for a property.
|
|
@kindex n
|
|
@kindex p
|
|
@itemx n / p
|
|
Same as @kbd{S-@key{left}/@key{right}}
|
|
@kindex e
|
|
@item e
|
|
Edit the property at point. For the special properties, this will
|
|
invoke the same interface that you normally use to change that
|
|
property. For example, when editing a TAGS property, the tag completion
|
|
or fast selection interface will pop up.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
When there is a checkbox at point, toggle it.
|
|
@kindex v
|
|
@item v
|
|
View the full value of this property. This is useful if the width of
|
|
the column is smaller than that of the value.
|
|
@kindex a
|
|
@item a
|
|
Edit the list of allowed values for this property. If the list is found
|
|
in the hierarchy, the modified values is stored there. If no list is
|
|
found, the new value is stored in the first entry that is part of the
|
|
current column view.
|
|
@tsubheading{Modifying the table structure}
|
|
@kindex <
|
|
@kindex >
|
|
@item < / >
|
|
Make the column narrower/wider by one character.
|
|
@kindex S-M-@key{right}
|
|
@item S-M-@key{right}
|
|
Insert a new column, to the right of the current column.
|
|
@kindex S-M-@key{left}
|
|
@item S-M-@key{left}
|
|
Delete the current column.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Capturing column view, , Using column view, Column view
|
|
@subsection Capturing column view
|
|
|
|
Since column view is just an overlay over a buffer, it cannot be
|
|
exported or printed directly. If you want to capture a column view, use
|
|
this @code{columnview} dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}). The frame
|
|
of this block looks like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* The column view
|
|
#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id "label"
|
|
|
|
#+END:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent This dynamic block has the following parameters:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item :id
|
|
This is most important parameter. Column view is a feature that is
|
|
often localized to a certain (sub)tree, and the capture block might be
|
|
in a different location in the file. To identify the tree whose view to
|
|
capture, you can use 3 values:
|
|
@example
|
|
local @r{use the tree in which the capture block is located}
|
|
global @r{make a global view, including all headings in the file}
|
|
"label" @r{call column view in the tree that has and @code{:ID:}}
|
|
@r{property with the value @i{label}}
|
|
@end example
|
|
@item :hlines
|
|
When @code{t}, insert a hline after every line. When a number N, insert
|
|
a hline before each headline with level @code{<= N}.
|
|
@item :vlines
|
|
When set to @code{t}, enforce column groups to get vertical lines.
|
|
@item :maxlevel
|
|
When set to a number, don't capture entries below this level.
|
|
@item :skip-empty-rows
|
|
When set to @code{t}, skip row where the only non-empty specifier of the
|
|
column view is @code{ITEM}.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The following commands insert or update the dynamic block:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x r
|
|
@item C-c C-x r
|
|
Insert a dynamic block capturing a column view. You will be prompted
|
|
for the scope or id of the view.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-u
|
|
@itemx C-c C-x C-u
|
|
Update dynamical block at point. The cursor needs to be in the
|
|
@code{#+BEGIN} line of the dynamic block.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
|
|
Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}). This is useful if
|
|
you have several clock table blocks in a buffer.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Property API, , Column view, Properties and Columns
|
|
@section The Property API
|
|
@cindex properties, API
|
|
@cindex API, for properties
|
|
|
|
There is a full API for accessing and changing properties. This API can
|
|
be used by Emacs Lisp programs to work with properties and to implement
|
|
features based on them. For more information see @ref{Using the
|
|
property API}.
|
|
|
|
@node Dates and Times, Remember, Properties and Columns, Top
|
|
@chapter Dates and Times
|
|
@cindex dates
|
|
@cindex times
|
|
@cindex time stamps
|
|
@cindex date stamps
|
|
|
|
To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date and/or
|
|
a time. The specially formatted string carrying the date and time
|
|
information is called a @emph{timestamp} in Org mode. This may be a
|
|
little confusing because timestamp is often used as indicating when
|
|
something was created or last changed. However, in Org mode this term
|
|
is used in a much wider sense.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
|
|
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
|
|
* Deadlines and scheduling:: Planning your work
|
|
* Clocking work time:: Tracking how long you spend on a task
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Timestamps, Creating timestamps, Dates and Times, Dates and Times
|
|
@section Timestamps, deadlines and scheduling
|
|
@cindex time stamps
|
|
@cindex ranges, time
|
|
@cindex date stamps
|
|
@cindex deadlines
|
|
@cindex scheduling
|
|
|
|
A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time or a range
|
|
of times) in a special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or
|
|
@samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>} or @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue
|
|
12:00-12:30>}@footnote{This is the standard ISO date/time format. To
|
|
use an alternative format, see @ref{Custom time format}.}. A time stamp
|
|
can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an Org tree entry. Its
|
|
presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in the agenda
|
|
(@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}). We distinguish:
|
|
|
|
@table @var
|
|
@item Plain time stamp; Event; Appointment
|
|
@cindex timestamp
|
|
A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is just
|
|
like writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda. In the
|
|
timeline and agenda displays, the headline of an entry associated with a
|
|
plain time stamp will be shown exactly on that date.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Meet Peter at the movies <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15>
|
|
* Discussion on climate change <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item Time stamp with repeater interval
|
|
@cindex timestamp, with repeater interval
|
|
A time stamp may contain a @emph{repeater interval}, indicating that it
|
|
applies not only on the given date, but again and again after a certain
|
|
interval of N days (d), weeks (w), months(m), or years(y). The
|
|
following will show up in the agenda every Wednesday:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Pick up Sam at school <2007-05-16 Wed 12:30 +1w>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item Diary-style sexp entries
|
|
For more complex date specifications, Org mode supports using the
|
|
special sexp diary entries implemented in the Emacs calendar/diary
|
|
package. For example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* The nerd meeting on every 2nd Thursday of the month
|
|
<%%(diary-float t 4 2)>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item Time/Date range
|
|
@cindex timerange
|
|
@cindex date range
|
|
Two time stamps connected by @samp{--} denote a range. The headline
|
|
will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and on any dates
|
|
that are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
** Meeting in Amsterdam
|
|
<2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@item Inactive time stamp
|
|
@cindex timestamp, inactive
|
|
@cindex inactive timestamp
|
|
Just like a plain time stamp, but with square brackets instead of
|
|
angular ones. These time stamps are inactive in the sense that they do
|
|
@emph{not} trigger an entry to show up in the agenda.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Gillian comes late for the fifth time [2006-11-01 Wed]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Creating timestamps, Deadlines and scheduling, Timestamps, Dates and Times
|
|
@section Creating timestamps
|
|
@cindex creating timestamps
|
|
@cindex timestamps, creating
|
|
|
|
For Org mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific
|
|
format. All commands listed below produce time stamps in the correct
|
|
format.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c .
|
|
@item C-c .
|
|
Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding time stamp. When the
|
|
cursor is at a previously used time stamp, it is updated to NOW. When
|
|
this command is used twice in succession, a time range is inserted.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c .
|
|
@item C-u C-c .
|
|
Like @kbd{C-c .}, but use the alternative format which contains date
|
|
and time. The default time can be rounded to multiples of 5 minutes,
|
|
see the option @code{org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c !
|
|
@item C-c !
|
|
Like @kbd{C-c .}, but insert an inactive time stamp that will not cause
|
|
an agenda entry.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c <
|
|
@item C-c <
|
|
Insert a time stamp corresponding to the cursor date in the Calendar.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c >
|
|
@item C-c >
|
|
Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is a
|
|
timestamp in the current line, go to the corresponding date
|
|
instead.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-o
|
|
@item C-c C-o
|
|
Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp or -range at
|
|
point (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}).
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@item S-@key{left}
|
|
@itemx S-@key{right}
|
|
Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with
|
|
CUA mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
|
@item S-@key{up}
|
|
@itemx S-@key{down}
|
|
Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can be on a
|
|
year, month, day, hour or minute. Note that if the cursor is in a
|
|
headline and not at a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of
|
|
an item. (@pxref{Priorities}). The key bindings also conflict with
|
|
CUA mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-y
|
|
@cindex evaluate time range
|
|
@item C-c C-y
|
|
Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and end.
|
|
With a prefix argument, insert result after the time range (in a table: into
|
|
the following column).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* The date/time prompt:: How Org mode helps you entering date and time
|
|
* Custom time format:: Making dates look different
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node The date/time prompt, Custom time format, Creating timestamps, Creating timestamps
|
|
@subsection The date/time prompt
|
|
@cindex date, reading in minibuffer
|
|
@cindex time, reading in minibuffer
|
|
|
|
When Org mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown as an ISO
|
|
date, and the prompt therefore seems to ask for an ISO date. But it
|
|
will in fact accept any string containing some date and/or time
|
|
information, and it is really smart about interpreting your input. You
|
|
can, for example, use @kbd{C-y} to paste a (possibly multi-line) string
|
|
copied from an email message. Org mode will find whatever information
|
|
is in there and derive anything you have not specified from the
|
|
@emph{default date and time}. The default is usually the current date
|
|
and time, but when modifying an existing time stamp, or when entering
|
|
the second stamp of a range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer.
|
|
When filling in information, Org mode assumes that most of the time you
|
|
will want to enter a date in the future: If you omit the month/year and
|
|
the given day/month is @i{before} today, it will assume that you mean a
|
|
future date@footnote{See the variable
|
|
@code{org-read-date-prefer-future}.}.
|
|
|
|
For example, lets assume that today is @b{June 13, 2006}. Here is how
|
|
various inputs will be interpreted, the items filled in by Org mode are
|
|
in @b{bold}.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
3-2-5 --> 2003-02-05
|
|
14 --> @b{2006}-@b{06}-14
|
|
12 --> @b{2006}-@b{07}-12
|
|
Fri --> nearest Friday (defaultdate or later)
|
|
sep 15 --> @b{2006}-11-15
|
|
feb 15 --> @b{2007}-02-15
|
|
sep 12 9 --> 2009-09-12
|
|
12:45 --> @b{2006}-@b{06}-@b{13} 12:45
|
|
22 sept 0:34 --> @b{2006}-09-22 0:34
|
|
w4 --> ISO week for of the current year @b{2006}
|
|
2012 w4 fri --> Friday of ISO week 4 in 2012
|
|
2012-w04-5 --> Same as above
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Furthermore you can specify a relative date by giving, as the
|
|
@emph{first} thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a
|
|
letter [dwmy] to indicate change in days weeks, months, years. With a
|
|
single plus or minus, the date is always relative to today. With a
|
|
double plus or minus, it is relative to the default date. If instead of
|
|
a single letter, you use the abbreviation of day name, the date will be
|
|
the nth such day. E.g.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
+4d --> four days from today
|
|
+4 --> same as above
|
|
+2w --> two weeks from today
|
|
++5 --> five days from default date
|
|
+2tue --> second tuesday from now.
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If
|
|
you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
|
|
the variables @code{parse-time-months} and @code{parse-time-weekdays}.
|
|
|
|
@cindex calendar, for selecting date
|
|
Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up@footnote{If
|
|
you don't need/want the calendar, configure the variable
|
|
@code{org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt}.}. When you exit the date
|
|
prompt, either by clicking on a date in the calendar, or by pressing
|
|
@key{RET}, the date selected in the calendar will be combined with the
|
|
information entered at the prompt. You can control the calendar fully
|
|
from the minibuffer:
|
|
|
|
@kindex <
|
|
@kindex >
|
|
@kindex mouse-1
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
|
|
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex @key{RET}
|
|
@example
|
|
> / < @r{Scroll calendar forward/backward by one month.}
|
|
mouse-1 @r{Select date by clicking on it.}
|
|
S-@key{right}/@key{left} @r{One day forward/backward.}
|
|
S-@key{down}/@key{up} @r{One week forward/backward.}
|
|
M-S-@key{right}/@key{left} @r{One month forward/backward.}
|
|
@key{RET} @r{Choose date in calendar.}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The actions of the date/time prompt may seem complex, but I assure you
|
|
they will grow on you. To help you understand what is going on, the
|
|
current interpretation of your input will be displayed live in the
|
|
minibuffer@footnote{If you find this distracting, turn the display of
|
|
with @code{org-read-date-display-live}.}.
|
|
|
|
@node Custom time format, , The date/time prompt, Creating timestamps
|
|
@subsection Custom time format
|
|
@cindex custom date/time format
|
|
@cindex time format, custom
|
|
@cindex date format, custom
|
|
|
|
Org mode uses the standard ISO notation for dates and times as it is
|
|
defined in ISO 8601. If you cannot get used to this and require another
|
|
representation of date and time to keep you happy, you can get it by
|
|
customizing the variables @code{org-display-custom-times} and
|
|
@code{org-time-stamp-custom-formats}.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-t
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-t
|
|
Toggle the display of custom formats for dates and times.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Org mode needs the default format for scanning, so the custom date/time
|
|
format does not @emph{replace} the default format - instead it is put
|
|
@emph{over} the default format using text properties. This has the
|
|
following consequences:
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
You cannot place the cursor onto a time stamp anymore, only before or
|
|
after.
|
|
@item
|
|
The @kbd{S-@key{up}/@key{down}} keys can no longer be used to adjust
|
|
each component of a time stamp. If the cursor is at the beginning of
|
|
the stamp, @kbd{S-@key{up}/@key{down}} will change the stamp by one day,
|
|
just like @kbd{S-@key{left}/@key{right}}. At the end of the stamp, the
|
|
time will be changed by one minute.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the time stamp contains a range of clock times or a repeater, these
|
|
will not be overlayed, but remain in the buffer as they were.
|
|
@item
|
|
When you delete a time stamp character-by-character, it will only
|
|
disappear from the buffer after @emph{all} (invisible) characters
|
|
belonging to the ISO timestamp have been removed.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the custom time stamp format is longer than the default and you are
|
|
using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up. If the custom
|
|
format is shorter, things do work as expected.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Deadlines and scheduling, Clocking work time, Creating timestamps, Dates and Times
|
|
@section Deadlines and scheduling
|
|
|
|
A time stamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate planning:
|
|
|
|
@table @var
|
|
@item DEADLINE
|
|
@cindex DEADLINE keyword
|
|
|
|
Meaning: the task (most likely a TODO item, though not necessarily) is supposed
|
|
to be finished on that date.
|
|
|
|
On the deadline date, the task will be listed in the agenda. In
|
|
addition, the agenda for @emph{today} will carry a warning about the
|
|
approaching or missed deadline, starting
|
|
@code{org-deadline-warning-days} before the due date, and continuing
|
|
until the entry is marked DONE. An example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
|
|
The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]]
|
|
DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You can specify a different lead time for warnings for a specific
|
|
deadlines using the following syntax. Here is an example with a warning
|
|
period of 5 days @code{DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun -5d>}.
|
|
|
|
@item SCHEDULED
|
|
@cindex SCHEDULED keyword
|
|
|
|
Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given
|
|
date.
|
|
|
|
The headline will be listed under the given date@footnote{It will still
|
|
be listed on that date after it has been marked DONE. If you don't like
|
|
this, set the variable @code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done}.}. In
|
|
addition, a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be present
|
|
in the compilation for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked DONE.
|
|
I.e., the task will automatically be forwarded until completed.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
|
|
SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@b{Important:} Scheduling an item in Org mode should @i{not} be
|
|
understood in the same way that we understand @i{scheduling a meeting}.
|
|
Setting a date for a meeting is just a simple appointment, you should
|
|
mark this entry with a simple plain time stamp, to get this item shown
|
|
on the date where it applies. This is a frequent mis-understanding from
|
|
Org-users. In Org mode, @i{scheduling} means setting a date when you
|
|
want to start working on an action item.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
You may use time stamps with repeaters in scheduling and deadline
|
|
entries. Org mode will issue early and late warnings based on the
|
|
assumption that the time stamp represents the @i{nearest instance} of
|
|
the repeater. However, the use of diary sexp entries like
|
|
@c
|
|
@code{<%%(diary-float t 42)>}
|
|
@c
|
|
in scheduling and deadline timestamps is limited. Org mode does not
|
|
know enough about the internals of each sexp function to issue early and
|
|
late warnings. However, it will show the item on each day where the
|
|
sexp entry matches.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Inserting deadline/schedule:: Planning items
|
|
* Repeated tasks:: Items that show up again and again
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Inserting deadline/schedule, Repeated tasks, Deadlines and scheduling, Deadlines and scheduling
|
|
@subsection Inserting deadlines or schedules
|
|
|
|
The following commands allow to quickly insert a deadline or to schedule
|
|
an item:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-d
|
|
@item C-c C-d
|
|
Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion will
|
|
happen in the line directly following the headline. When called with a
|
|
prefix arg, an existing deadline will be removed from the entry.
|
|
@c FIXME Any CLOSED timestamp will be removed.????????
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c / d
|
|
@cindex sparse tree, for deadlines
|
|
@item C-c / d
|
|
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or
|
|
which will become due within @code{org-deadline-warning-days}.
|
|
With @kbd{C-u} prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With a numeric
|
|
prefix, check that many days. For example, @kbd{C-1 C-c / d} shows
|
|
all deadlines due tomorrow.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-s
|
|
@item C-c C-s
|
|
Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion will
|
|
happen in the line directly following the headline. Any CLOSED
|
|
timestamp will be removed. When called with a prefix argument, remove
|
|
the scheduling date from the entry.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Repeated tasks, , Inserting deadline/schedule, Deadlines and scheduling
|
|
@subsection Repeated tasks
|
|
|
|
Some tasks need to be repeated again and again. Org mode helps to
|
|
organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a DEADLINE, SCHEDULED,
|
|
or plain time stamp. In the following example
|
|
@example
|
|
** TODO Pay the rent
|
|
DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m>
|
|
@end example
|
|
the @code{+1m} is a repeater; the intended interpretation is that the
|
|
task has a deadline on <2005-10-01> and repeats itself every (one) month
|
|
starting from that time. If you need both a repeater and a special
|
|
warning period in a deadline entry, the repeater comes first and the
|
|
warning period last: @code{DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m -3d>}.
|
|
|
|
Deadlines and scheduled items produce entries in the agenda when they
|
|
are over-due, so it is important to be able to mark such an entry as
|
|
completed once you have done so. When you mark a DEADLINE or a SCHEDULE
|
|
with the TODO keyword DONE, it will no longer produce entries in the
|
|
agenda. The problem with this is, however, that then also the
|
|
@emph{next} instance of the repeated entry will not be active. Org mode
|
|
deals with this in the following way: When you try to mark such an entry
|
|
DONE (using @kbd{C-c C-t}), it will shift the base date of the repeating
|
|
time stamp by the repeater interval, and immediately set the entry state
|
|
back to TODO. In the example above, setting the state to DONE would
|
|
actually switch the date like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
** TODO Pay the rent
|
|
DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue +1m>
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You will also be prompted for a note@footnote{You can change this using
|
|
the option @code{org-log-repeat}, or the @code{#+STARTUP} options
|
|
@code{logrepeat}, @code{lognoterepeat}, and @code{nologrepeat}.} that
|
|
will be put under the DEADLINE line to keep a record that you actually
|
|
acted on the previous instance of this deadline.
|
|
|
|
As a consequence of shifting the base date, this entry will no longer be
|
|
visible in the agenda when checking past dates, but all future instances
|
|
will be visible.
|
|
|
|
With the @samp{+1m} cookie, the date shift will always be exactly one
|
|
month. So if you have not payed the rent for three months, marking this
|
|
entry DONE will still keep it as an overdue deadline. Depending on the
|
|
task, this may not be the best way to handle it. For example, if you
|
|
forgot to call you father for 3 weeks, it does not make sense to call
|
|
her 3 times in a single day to make up for it. Finally, there are tasks
|
|
like changing batteries which should always repeat a certain time
|
|
@i{after} the last time you did it. For these tasks, Org mode has
|
|
special repeaters markers with @samp{++} and @samp{.+}. For example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
** TODO Call Father
|
|
DEADLINE: <2008-02-10 Sun ++1w>
|
|
Marking this DONE will shift the date by at least one week,
|
|
but also by as many weeks as it takes to get this date into
|
|
the future. However, it stays on a Sunday, even if you called
|
|
and marked it done on Saturday.
|
|
** TODO Check the batteries in the smoke detectors
|
|
DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue .+1m>
|
|
Marking this DONE will shift the date to one month after
|
|
today.
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You may have both scheduling and deadline information for a specific
|
|
task - just make sure that the repeater intervals on both are the same.
|
|
|
|
@node Clocking work time, , Deadlines and scheduling, Dates and Times
|
|
@section Clocking work time
|
|
|
|
Org mode allows you to clock the time you spent on specific tasks in a
|
|
project. When you start working on an item, you can start the clock.
|
|
When you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task done, the
|
|
clock is stopped and the corresponding time interval is recorded. It
|
|
also computes the total time spent on each subtree of a project.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-i
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-i
|
|
Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the CLOCK
|
|
keyword together with a timestamp. If this is not the first clocking of
|
|
this item, the multiple CLOCK lines will be wrapped into a
|
|
@code{:CLOCK:} drawer (see also the variable
|
|
@code{org-clock-into-drawer}).
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-o
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-o
|
|
Stop the clock (clock-out). The inserts another timestamp at the same
|
|
location where the clock was last started. It also directly computes
|
|
the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as @samp{=>
|
|
HH:MM}. See the variable @code{org-log-note-clock-out} for the
|
|
possibility to record an additional note together with the clock-out
|
|
time stamp@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is:
|
|
@code{#+STARTUP: lognoteclock-out}}.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-y
|
|
@item C-c C-y
|
|
Recompute the time interval after changing one of the time stamps. This
|
|
is only necessary if you edit the time stamps directly. If you change
|
|
them with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys, the update is automatic.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-t
|
|
@item C-c C-t
|
|
Changing the TODO state of an item to DONE automatically stops the clock
|
|
if it is running in this same item.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-x
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-x
|
|
Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by
|
|
mistake, or if you ended up working on something else.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-j
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-j
|
|
Jump to the entry that contains the currently running clock, an another
|
|
window.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-d
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-d
|
|
Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer. This
|
|
puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time
|
|
recorded under that heading, including the time of any subheadings. You
|
|
can use visibility cycling to study the tree, but the overlays disappear
|
|
when you change the buffer (see variable
|
|
@code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}) or press @kbd{C-c C-c}.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-r
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-r
|
|
Insert a dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}) containing a clock
|
|
report as an Org mode table into the current file. When the cursor is
|
|
at an existing clock table, just update it. When called with a prefix
|
|
argument, jump to the first clock report in the current document and
|
|
update it.
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil :scope file
|
|
#+END: clocktable
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If such a block already exists at point, its content is replaced by the
|
|
new table. The @samp{BEGIN} line can specify options:
|
|
@example
|
|
:maxlevel @r{Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table.}
|
|
:emphasize @r{When @code{t}, emphasize level one and level two items}
|
|
:scope @r{The scope to consider. This can be any of the following:}
|
|
nil @r{the current buffer or narrowed region}
|
|
file @r{the full current buffer}
|
|
subtree @r{the subtree where the clocktable is located}
|
|
treeN @r{the surrounding level N tree, for example @code{tree3}}
|
|
tree @r{the surrounding level 1 tree}
|
|
agenda @r{all agenda files}
|
|
("file"..) @r{scan these files}
|
|
:block @r{The time block to consider. This block is specified either}
|
|
@r{absolute, or relative to the current time and may be any of}
|
|
@r{these formats:}
|
|
2007-12-31 @r{New year eve 2007}
|
|
2007-12 @r{December 2007}
|
|
2007-W50 @r{ISO-week 50 in 2007}
|
|
2007 @r{the year 2007}
|
|
today, yesterday, today-N @r{a relative day}
|
|
thisweek, lastweek, thisweek-N @r{a relative week}
|
|
thismonth, lastmonth, thismonth-N @r{a relative month}
|
|
thisyear, lastyear, thisyear-N @r{a relative year}
|
|
@r{Use @kbd{S-@key{left}/@key{right}} keys to shift the time interval.}
|
|
:tstart @r{A time string specifying when to start considering times}
|
|
:tend @r{A time string specifying when to stop considering times}
|
|
:step @r{@code{week} or @code{day}, to split the table into chunks}
|
|
:link @r{Link the item headlines in the table to their origins}
|
|
@end example
|
|
So to get a clock summary of the current level 1 tree, for the current
|
|
day, you could write
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today :scope tree1 :link t
|
|
#+END: clocktable
|
|
@end example
|
|
and to use a specific time range you could write@footnote{Note that all
|
|
parameters must be specified in a single line - the line is broken here
|
|
only to fit it onto the manual.}
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>"
|
|
:tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>"
|
|
#+END: clocktable
|
|
@end example
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-u
|
|
@itemx C-c C-x C-u
|
|
Update dynamical block at point. The cursor needs to be in the
|
|
@code{#+BEGIN} line of the dynamic block.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
|
|
Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}). This is useful if
|
|
you have several clock table blocks in a buffer.
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@item S-@key{left}
|
|
@itemx S-@key{right}
|
|
Shift the current @code{:block} interval and update the table. The cursor
|
|
needs to be in the @code{#+BEGIN: clocktable} line for this command. If
|
|
@code{:block} is @code{today}, it will be shifted to @code{today-1} etc.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The @kbd{l} key may be used in the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and in
|
|
the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}) to show which tasks have been
|
|
worked on or closed during a day.
|
|
|
|
@node Remember, Agenda Views, Dates and Times, Top
|
|
@chapter Remember
|
|
@cindex @file{remember.el}
|
|
|
|
The @i{Remember} package by John Wiegley lets you store quick notes with
|
|
little interruption of your work flow. See
|
|
@uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode} for more
|
|
information. It is an excellent way to add new notes and tasks to
|
|
Org files. Org significantly expands the possibilities of
|
|
@i{remember}: You may define templates for different note types, and
|
|
associate target files and headlines with specific templates. It also
|
|
allows you to select the location where a note should be stored
|
|
interactively, on the fly.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Setting up Remember:: Some code for .emacs to get things going
|
|
* Remember templates:: Define the outline of different note types
|
|
* Storing notes:: Directly get the note to where it belongs
|
|
* Refiling notes:: Moving a note or task to a project
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Setting up Remember, Remember templates, Remember, Remember
|
|
@section Setting up Remember
|
|
|
|
The following customization will tell @i{remember} to use org files as
|
|
target, and to create annotations compatible with Org links.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(org-remember-insinuate)
|
|
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
|
|
(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org"))
|
|
(define-key global-map "\C-cr" 'org-remember)
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The last line binds the command @code{org-remember} to a global
|
|
key@footnote{Please select your own key, @kbd{C-c r} is only a
|
|
suggestion.}. @code{org-remember} basically just calls @code{remember},
|
|
but it makes a few things easier: If there is an active region, it will
|
|
automatically copy the region into the remember buffer. It also allows
|
|
to jump to the buffer and location where remember notes are being
|
|
stored: Just call @code{org-remember} with a prefix argument. If you
|
|
use two prefix arguments, Org jumps to the location where the last
|
|
remember note was stored.
|
|
|
|
@node Remember templates, Storing notes, Setting up Remember, Remember
|
|
@section Remember templates
|
|
@cindex templates, for remember
|
|
|
|
In combination with Org, you can use templates to generate
|
|
different types of @i{remember} notes. For example, if you would like
|
|
to use one template to create general TODO entries, another one for
|
|
journal entries, and a third one for collecting random ideas, you could
|
|
use:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq org-remember-templates
|
|
'(("Todo" ?t "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a" "~/org/TODO.org" "Tasks")
|
|
("Journal" ?j "* %U %?\n\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")
|
|
("Idea" ?i "* %^@{Title@}\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org" "New Ideas")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent In these entries, the first string is just a name, and the
|
|
character specifies how to select the template. It is useful if the
|
|
character is also the first letter of the name. The next string
|
|
specifies the template. Two more (optional) strings give the file in
|
|
which, and the headline under which the new note should be stored. The
|
|
file (if not present or @code{nil}) defaults to
|
|
@code{org-default-notes-file}, the heading to
|
|
@code{org-remember-default-headline}. If the file name is not an
|
|
absolute path, it will be interpreted relative to @code{org-directory}.
|
|
|
|
An optional sixth element specifies the contexts in which the user can
|
|
select the template. This element can be either a list of major modes
|
|
or a function. @code{org-remember} will first check whether the function
|
|
returns @code{t} or if we are in any of the listed major mode, and select
|
|
the template accordingly.
|
|
|
|
So for example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
(setq org-remember-templates
|
|
'(("Bug" ?b "* BUG %?\n %i\n %a" "~/org/BUGS.org" "Bugs" (emacs-lisp-mode))
|
|
("Journal" ?j "* %U %?\n\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org" my-check)
|
|
("Idea" ?i "* %^@{Title@}\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org" "New Ideas")))
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The first template will only be available when invoking @code{org-remember}
|
|
from an buffer in @code{emacs-lisp-mode}. The second template will only be
|
|
available when the function @code{my-check} returns @code{t}. The third
|
|
template will be proposed in any context.
|
|
|
|
When you call @kbd{M-x remember} (or @kbd{M-x org-remember}) to remember
|
|
something, org will prompt for a key to select the template (if you have
|
|
more than one template) and then prepare the buffer like
|
|
@example
|
|
* TODO
|
|
[[file:link to where you called remember]]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
During expansion of the template, special @kbd{%}-escapes allow dynamic
|
|
insertion of content:
|
|
@example
|
|
%^@{prompt@} @r{prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it.}
|
|
@r{You may specify a default value and a completion table with}
|
|
@r{%^@{prompt|default|completion2|completion3...@}}
|
|
@r{The arrow keys access a prompt-specific history.}
|
|
%t @r{time stamp, date only}
|
|
%T @r{time stamp with date and time}
|
|
%u, %U @r{like the above, but inactive time stamps}
|
|
%^t @r{like @code{%t}, but prompt for date. Similarly @code{%^T}, @code{%^u}, @code{%^U}}
|
|
@r{You may define a prompt like @code{%^@{Birthday@}t}}
|
|
%n @r{user name (taken from @code{user-full-name})}
|
|
%a @r{annotation, normally the link created with @code{org-store-link}}
|
|
%A @r{like @code{%a}, but prompt for the description part}
|
|
%i @r{initial content, the region when remember is called with C-u.}
|
|
@r{The entire text will be indented like @code{%i} itself.}
|
|
%c @r{Content of the clipboard, or current kill ring head.}
|
|
%^g @r{prompt for tags, with completion on tags in target file.}
|
|
%^G @r{prompt for tags, with completion all tags in all agenda files.}
|
|
%:keyword @r{specific information for certain link types, see below}
|
|
%[pathname] @r{insert the contents of the file given by @code{pathname}}
|
|
%(sexp) @r{evaluate elisp @code{(sexp)} and replace with the result}
|
|
%! @r{immediately store note after completing the template}
|
|
@r{(skipping the @kbd{C-c C-c} that normally triggers storing)}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
For specific link types, the following keywords will be
|
|
defined@footnote{If you define your own link types (@pxref{Adding
|
|
hyperlink types}), any property you store with
|
|
@code{org-store-link-props} can be accessed in remember templates in a
|
|
similar way.}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
Link type | Available keywords
|
|
-------------------+----------------------------------------------
|
|
bbdb | %:name %:company
|
|
bbdb | %::server %:port %:nick
|
|
vm, wl, mh, rmail | %:type %:subject %:message-id
|
|
| %:from %:fromname %:fromaddress
|
|
| %:to %:toname %:toaddress
|
|
| %:fromto @r{(either "to NAME" or "from NAME")@footnote{This will always be the other, not the user. See the variable @code{org-from-is-user-regexp}.}}
|
|
gnus | %:group, @r{for messages also all email fields}
|
|
w3, w3m | %:url
|
|
info | %:file %:node
|
|
calendar | %:date"
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
To place the cursor after template expansion use:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
%? @r{After completing the template, position cursor here.}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If you change your mind about which template to use, call
|
|
@code{org-remember} in the remember buffer. You may then select a new
|
|
template that will be filled with the previous context information.
|
|
|
|
@node Storing notes, Refiling notes, Remember templates, Remember
|
|
@section Storing notes
|
|
|
|
When you are finished preparing a note with @i{remember}, you have to
|
|
press @kbd{C-c C-c} to file the note away. The handler will store the
|
|
note in the file and under the headline specified in the template, or it
|
|
will use the default file and headlines. The window configuration will
|
|
be restored, sending you back to the working context before the call to
|
|
@code{remember}. To re-use the location found during the last call to
|
|
@code{remember}, exit the remember buffer with @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-c},
|
|
i.e. specify a double prefix argument to @kbd{C-c C-c}.
|
|
|
|
If you want to store the note directly to a different place, use
|
|
@kbd{C-u C-c C-c} instead to exit remember@footnote{Configure the
|
|
variable @code{org-remember-store-without-prompt} to make this behavior
|
|
the default.}. The handler will then first prompt for a target file -
|
|
if you press @key{RET}, the value specified for the template is used.
|
|
Then the command offers the headings tree of the selected file, with the
|
|
cursor position at the default headline (if you had specified one in the
|
|
template). You can either immediately press @key{RET} to get the note
|
|
placed there. Or you can use the following keys to find a different
|
|
location:
|
|
@example
|
|
@key{TAB} @r{Cycle visibility.}
|
|
@key{down} / @key{up} @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
|
|
n / p @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
|
|
f / b @r{Next/previous headline same level.}
|
|
u @r{One level up.}
|
|
@c 0-9 @r{Digit argument.}
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Pressing @key{RET} or @key{left} or @key{right}
|
|
then leads to the following result.
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.15 0.65
|
|
@item @b{Cursor position} @tab @b{Key} @tab @b{Note gets inserted}
|
|
@item on headline @tab @key{RET} @tab as sublevel of the heading at cursor, first or last
|
|
@item @tab @tab depending on @code{org-reverse-note-order}.
|
|
@item @tab @key{left}/@key{right} @tab as same level, before/after current heading
|
|
@item buffer-start @tab @key{RET} @tab as level 2 heading at end of file or level 1 at beginning
|
|
@item @tab @tab depending on @code{org-reverse-note-order}.
|
|
@item not on headline @tab @key{RET}
|
|
@tab at cursor position, level taken from context.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
|
|
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a @samp{*}. If
|
|
not, a headline is constructed from the current date and some additional
|
|
data. If you have indented the text of the note below the headline, the
|
|
indentation will be adapted if inserting the note into the tree requires
|
|
demotion from level 1.
|
|
|
|
@node Refiling notes, , Storing notes, Remember
|
|
@section Refiling notes
|
|
@cindex refiling notes
|
|
|
|
Remember is usually used to quickly capture notes and tasks into one or
|
|
a few capture lists. When reviewing the captured data, you may want to
|
|
refile some of the entries into a different list, for example into a
|
|
project. Cutting, finding the right location and then pasting the note
|
|
is cumbersome. To simplify this process, you can use the following
|
|
special command:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-w
|
|
@item C-c C-w
|
|
Refile the entry at point. This command offers possible locations for
|
|
refiling the entry and lets you select one with completion. The item is
|
|
filed below the target heading as a subitem. Depending on
|
|
@code{org-reverse-note-order}, it will be either the first of last
|
|
subitem.@* By default, all level 1 headlines in the current buffer are
|
|
considered to be targets, but you can have more complex definitions
|
|
across a number of files. See the variable @code{org-refile-targets}
|
|
for details.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-w
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-w
|
|
Use the refile interface to jump to a heading.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-u C-c C-w
|
|
@item C- C-u C-c C-w
|
|
Jump to the location where @code{org-refile} last moved a tree to.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Agenda Views, Embedded LaTeX, Remember, Top
|
|
@chapter Agenda Views
|
|
@cindex agenda views
|
|
|
|
Due to the way Org works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
|
|
tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
|
|
files. To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are
|
|
important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
|
|
sorted and displayed in an organized way.
|
|
|
|
Org can select items based on various criteria, and display them
|
|
in a separate buffer. Seven different view types are provided:
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
an @emph{agenda} that is like a calendar and shows information
|
|
for specific dates,
|
|
@item
|
|
a @emph{TODO list} that covers all unfinished
|
|
action items,
|
|
@item
|
|
a @emph{tags view}, showings headlines based on
|
|
the tags associated with them,
|
|
@item
|
|
a @emph{timeline view} that shows all events in a single Org file,
|
|
in time-sorted view,
|
|
@item
|
|
a @emph{keyword search view} that shows all entries from multiple files
|
|
that contain specified keywords.
|
|
@item
|
|
a @emph{stuck projects view} showing projects that currently don't move
|
|
along, and
|
|
@item
|
|
@emph{custom views} that are special tag/keyword searches and
|
|
combinations of different views.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The extracted information is displayed in a special @emph{agenda
|
|
buffer}. This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the
|
|
corresponding locations in the original Org files, and even to
|
|
edit these files remotely.
|
|
|
|
Two variables control how the agenda buffer is displayed and whether the
|
|
window configuration is restored when the agenda exits:
|
|
@code{org-agenda-window-setup} and
|
|
@code{org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit}.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
|
|
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
|
|
* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
|
|
* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
|
|
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of Org trees
|
|
* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Agenda files, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda Views, Agenda Views
|
|
@section Agenda files
|
|
@cindex agenda files
|
|
@cindex files for agenda
|
|
|
|
The information to be shown is normally collected from all @emph{agenda
|
|
files}, the files listed in the variable
|
|
@code{org-agenda-files}@footnote{If the value of that variable is not a
|
|
list, but a single file name, then the list of agenda files will be
|
|
maintained in that external file.}. If a directory is part of this list,
|
|
all files with the extension @file{.org} in this directory will be part
|
|
of the list.
|
|
|
|
Thus even if you only work with a single Org file, this file should
|
|
be put into that list@footnote{When using the dispatcher, pressing
|
|
@kbd{<} before selecting a command will actually limit the command to
|
|
the current file, and ignore @code{org-agenda-files} until the next
|
|
dispatcher command.}. You can customize @code{org-agenda-files}, but
|
|
the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands
|
|
|
|
@cindex files, adding to agenda list
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c [
|
|
@item C-c [
|
|
Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to
|
|
the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved to
|
|
the front. With a prefix argument, file is added/moved to the end.
|
|
@kindex C-c ]
|
|
@item C-c ]
|
|
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
|
|
@kindex C-,
|
|
@kindex C-'
|
|
@item C-,
|
|
@itemx C-'
|
|
Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used
|
|
to visit any of them.
|
|
|
|
If you would like to focus the agenda temporarily onto a file not in
|
|
this list, or onto just one file in the list or even only a subtree in a
|
|
file, this can be done in different ways. For a single agenda command,
|
|
you may press @kbd{<} once or several times in the dispatcher
|
|
(@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}). To restrict the agenda scope for an
|
|
extended period, use the following commands:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x <
|
|
@item C-c C-x <
|
|
Permanently restrict the agenda to the current subtree. When with a
|
|
prefix argument, or with the cursor before the first headline in a file,
|
|
the agenda scope is set to the entire file. This restriction remains in
|
|
effect until removed with @kbd{C-c C-x >}, or by typing either @kbd{<}
|
|
or @kbd{>} in the agenda dispatcher. If there is a window displaying an
|
|
agenda view, the new restriction takes effect immediately.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x <
|
|
@item C-c C-x <
|
|
Remove the permanent restriction created by @kbd{C-c C-x <}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
When working with @file{Speedbar}, you can use the following commands in
|
|
the Speedbar frame:
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex <
|
|
@item < @r{in the speedbar frame}
|
|
Permanently restrict the agenda to the item at the cursor in the
|
|
Speedbar frame, either an Org file or a subtree in such a file.
|
|
If there is a window displaying an agenda view, the new restriction takes
|
|
effect immediately.
|
|
@kindex <
|
|
@item > @r{in the speedbar frame}
|
|
Lift the restriction again.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Agenda dispatcher, Built-in agenda views, Agenda files, Agenda Views
|
|
@section The agenda dispatcher
|
|
@cindex agenda dispatcher
|
|
@cindex dispatching agenda commands
|
|
The views are created through a dispatcher that should be bound to a
|
|
global key, for example @kbd{C-c a} (@pxref{Installation}). In the
|
|
following we will assume that @kbd{C-c a} is indeed how the dispatcher
|
|
is accessed and list keyboard access to commands accordingly. After
|
|
pressing @kbd{C-c a}, an additional letter is required to execute a
|
|
command. The dispatcher offers the following default commands:
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item a
|
|
Create the calendar-like agenda (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}).
|
|
@item t @r{/} T
|
|
Create a list of all TODO items (@pxref{Global TODO list}).
|
|
@item m @r{/} M
|
|
Create a list of headlines matching a TAGS expression (@pxref{Matching
|
|
tags and properties}).
|
|
@item L
|
|
Create the timeline view for the current buffer (@pxref{Timeline}).
|
|
@item s
|
|
Create a list of entries selected by a boolean expression of keywords
|
|
and/or regular expressions that must or must not occur in the entry.
|
|
@item /
|
|
Search for a regular expression in all agenda files and additionally in
|
|
the files listed in @code{org-agenda-multi-occur-extra-files}. This
|
|
uses the Emacs command @code{multi-occur}. A prefix argument can be
|
|
used to specify the number of context lines for each match, default is
|
|
1.
|
|
@item # @r{/} !
|
|
Create a list of stuck projects (@pxref{Stuck projects}).
|
|
@item <
|
|
Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer@footnote{For backward
|
|
compatibility, you can also press @kbd{1} to restrict to the current
|
|
buffer.}. After pressing @kbd{<}, you still need to press the character
|
|
selecting the command.
|
|
@item < <
|
|
If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command to
|
|
the region. Otherwise, restrict it to the current subtree@footnote{For
|
|
backward compatibility, you can also press @kbd{0} to restrict to the
|
|
current buffer.}. After pressing @kbd{< <}, you still need to press the
|
|
character selecting the command.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through the
|
|
dispatcher, just like the default commands. This includes the
|
|
possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several
|
|
blocks together, for example the weekly agenda, the global TODO list and
|
|
a number of special tags matches. @xref{Custom agenda views}.
|
|
|
|
@node Built-in agenda views, Presentation and sorting, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda Views
|
|
@section The built-in agenda views
|
|
|
|
In this section we describe the built-in views.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Weekly/daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
|
|
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
|
|
* Matching tags and properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
|
|
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
|
|
* Keyword search:: Finding entries by keyword
|
|
* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Weekly/daily agenda, Global TODO list, Built-in agenda views, Built-in agenda views
|
|
@subsection The weekly/daily agenda
|
|
@cindex agenda
|
|
@cindex weekly agenda
|
|
@cindex daily agenda
|
|
|
|
The purpose of the weekly/daily @emph{agenda} is to act like a page of a
|
|
paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@cindex org-agenda, command
|
|
@kindex C-c a a
|
|
@item C-c a a
|
|
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files. The
|
|
agenda shows the entries for each day. With a numeric
|
|
prefix@footnote{For backward compatibility, the universal prefix
|
|
@kbd{C-u} causes all TODO entries to be listed before the agenda. This
|
|
feature is deprecated, use the dedicated TODO list, or a block agenda
|
|
instead.} (like @kbd{C-u 2 1 C-c a a}) you may set the number of days
|
|
to be displayed (see also the variable @code{org-agenda-ndays})
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can
|
|
change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer.
|
|
The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda
|
|
commands}.
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Calendar/Diary integration
|
|
@cindex calendar integration
|
|
@cindex diary integration
|
|
|
|
Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
|
|
calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
|
|
countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of
|
|
anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
|
|
(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
|
|
Org. It can be very useful to combine output from Org with
|
|
the diary.
|
|
|
|
In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org mode's
|
|
agenda, you only need to customize the variable
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary
|
|
entries including holidays, anniversaries etc will be included in the
|
|
agenda buffer created by Org mode. @key{SPC}, @key{TAB}, and
|
|
@key{RET} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary
|
|
file in order to edit existing diary entries. The @kbd{i} command to
|
|
insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda buffer, as
|
|
well as the commands @kbd{S}, @kbd{M}, and @kbd{C} to display
|
|
Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert to other
|
|
calendars, respectively. @kbd{c} can be used to switch back and forth
|
|
between calendar and agenda.
|
|
|
|
If you are using the diary only for sexp entries and holidays, it is
|
|
faster to not use the above setting, but instead to copy or even move
|
|
the entries into an Org file. Org mode evaluates diary-style sexp
|
|
entries, and does it faster because there is no overhead for first
|
|
creating the diary display. Note that the sexp entries must start at
|
|
the left margin, no white space is allowed before them. For example,
|
|
the following segment of an Org file will be processed and entries
|
|
will be made in the agenda:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Birthdays and similar stuff
|
|
#+CATEGORY: Holiday
|
|
%%(org-calendar-holiday) ; special function for holiday names
|
|
#+CATEGORY: Ann
|
|
%%(diary-anniversary 14 5 1956) Arthur Dent is %d years old
|
|
%%(diary-anniversary 2 10 1869) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Appointment reminders
|
|
@cindex @file{appt.el}
|
|
@cindex appointment reminders
|
|
|
|
Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility.
|
|
|
|
To add all the appointments of your agenda files, use the command
|
|
@code{org-agenda-to-appt}. This commands also lets you filter through
|
|
the list of your appointments and add only those belonging to a specific
|
|
category or matching a regular expression. See the docstring for
|
|
details.
|
|
|
|
@node Global TODO list, Matching tags and properties, Weekly/daily agenda, Built-in agenda views
|
|
@subsection The global TODO list
|
|
@cindex global TODO list
|
|
@cindex TODO list, global
|
|
|
|
The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items, formatted and
|
|
collected into a single place.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c a t
|
|
@item C-c a t
|
|
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
|
|
agenda files (@pxref{Agenda Views}) into a single buffer. The buffer is in
|
|
@code{agenda-mode}, so there are commands to examine and manipulate
|
|
the TODO entries directly from that buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
|
|
@kindex C-c a T
|
|
@item C-c a T
|
|
@cindex TODO keyword matching
|
|
Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. You
|
|
can also do this by specifying a prefix argument to @kbd{C-c a t}. With
|
|
a @kbd{C-u} prefix you are prompted for a keyword, and you may also
|
|
specify several keywords by separating them with @samp{|} as boolean OR
|
|
operator. With a numeric prefix, the Nth keyword in
|
|
@code{org-todo-keywords} is selected.
|
|
@kindex r
|
|
The @kbd{r} key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give
|
|
a prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO keyword,
|
|
for example @kbd{3 r}. If you often need a search for a specific
|
|
keyword, define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).@*
|
|
Matching specific TODO keywords can also be done as part of a tags
|
|
search (@pxref{Tag searches}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a
|
|
TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the
|
|
TODO list are described in @ref{Agenda commands}.
|
|
|
|
@cindex sublevels, inclusion into TODO list
|
|
Normally the global TODO list simply shows all headlines with TODO
|
|
keywords. This list can become very long. There are two ways to keep
|
|
it more compact:
|
|
@itemize @minus
|
|
@item
|
|
Some people view a TODO item that has been @emph{scheduled} for
|
|
execution (@pxref{Timestamps}) as no longer @emph{open}. Configure the
|
|
variable @code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled} to exclude scheduled
|
|
items from the global TODO list.
|
|
@item
|
|
TODO items may have sublevels to break up the task into subtasks. In
|
|
such cases it may be enough to list only the highest level TODO headline
|
|
and omit the sublevels from the global list. Configure the variable
|
|
@code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels} to get this behavior.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@node Matching tags and properties, Timeline, Global TODO list, Built-in agenda views
|
|
@subsection Matching tags and properties
|
|
@cindex matching, of tags
|
|
@cindex matching, of properties
|
|
@cindex tags view
|
|
|
|
If headlines in the agenda files are marked with @emph{tags}
|
|
(@pxref{Tags}), you can select headlines based on the tags that apply
|
|
to them and collect them into an agenda buffer.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c a m
|
|
@item C-c a m
|
|
Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The
|
|
command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic
|
|
expression with tags, like @samp{+work+urgent-withboss} or
|
|
@samp{work|home} (@pxref{Tags}). If you often need a specific search,
|
|
define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
|
|
@kindex C-c a M
|
|
@item C-c a M
|
|
Like @kbd{C-c a m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO items
|
|
and force checking subitems (see variable
|
|
@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}). Matching specific TODO keywords
|
|
together with a tags match is also possible, see @ref{Tag searches}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The commands available in the tags list are described in @ref{Agenda
|
|
commands}.
|
|
|
|
@node Timeline, Keyword search, Matching tags and properties, Built-in agenda views
|
|
@subsection Timeline for a single file
|
|
@cindex timeline, single file
|
|
@cindex time-sorted view
|
|
|
|
The timeline summarizes all time-stamped items from a single Org mode
|
|
file in a @emph{time-sorted view}. The main purpose of this command is
|
|
to give an overview over events in a project.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c a L
|
|
@item C-c a L
|
|
Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped items.
|
|
When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, all unfinished TODO entries
|
|
(scheduled or not) are also listed under the current date.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The commands available in the timeline buffer are listed in
|
|
@ref{Agenda commands}.
|
|
|
|
@node Keyword search, Stuck projects, Timeline, Built-in agenda views
|
|
@subsection Keyword search
|
|
@cindex keyword search
|
|
@cindex searching, for keywords
|
|
|
|
This agenda view is a general text search facility for Org mode entries.
|
|
It is particularly useful to find notes.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c a s
|
|
@item C-c a s
|
|
This is a special search that lets you select entries by keywords or
|
|
regular expression, using a boolean logic. For example, the search
|
|
string
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
+computer +wifi -ethernet -@{8\.11[bg]@}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
will search for note entries that contain the keywords @code{computer}
|
|
and @code{wifi}, but not the keyword @code{ethernet}, and which are also
|
|
not matched by the regular expression @code{8\.11[bg]}, meaning to
|
|
exclude both 8.11b and 8.11g.
|
|
|
|
Note that in addition to the agenda files, this command will also search
|
|
the files listed in @code{org-agenda-text-search-extra-files}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Stuck projects, , Keyword search, Built-in agenda views
|
|
@subsection Stuck projects
|
|
|
|
If you are following a system like David Allen's GTD to organize your
|
|
work, one of the ``duties'' you have is a regular review to make sure
|
|
that all projects move along. A @emph{stuck} project is a project that
|
|
has no defined next actions, so it will never show up in the TODO lists
|
|
Org mode produces. During the review, you need to identify such
|
|
projects and define next actions for them.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c a #
|
|
@item C-c a #
|
|
List projects that are stuck.
|
|
@kindex C-c a !
|
|
@item C-c a !
|
|
Customize the variable @code{org-stuck-projects} to define what a stuck
|
|
project is and how to find it.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
You almost certainly will have to configure this view before it will
|
|
work for you. The built-in default assumes that all your projects are
|
|
level-2 headlines, and that a project is not stuck if it has at least
|
|
one entry marked with a TODO keyword TODO or NEXT or NEXTACTION.
|
|
|
|
Lets assume that you, in your own way of using Org mode, identify
|
|
projects with a tag PROJECT, and that you use a TODO keyword MAYBE to
|
|
indicate a project that should not be considered yet. Lets further
|
|
assume that the TODO keyword DONE marks finished projects, and that NEXT
|
|
and TODO indicate next actions. The tag @@SHOP indicates shopping and
|
|
is a next action even without the NEXT tag. Finally, if the project
|
|
contains the special word IGNORE anywhere, it should not be listed
|
|
either. In this case you would start by identifying eligible projects
|
|
with a tags/todo match @samp{+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE}, and then check for
|
|
TODO, NEXT, @@SHOP, and IGNORE in the subtree to identify projects that
|
|
are not stuck. The correct customization for this is
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-stuck-projects
|
|
'("+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE" ("NEXT" "TODO") ("@@SHOP")
|
|
"\\<IGNORE\\>"))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Presentation and sorting, Agenda commands, Built-in agenda views, Agenda Views
|
|
@section Presentation and sorting
|
|
@cindex presentation, of agenda items
|
|
|
|
Before displaying items in an agenda view, Org mode visually prepares
|
|
the items and sorts them. Each item occupies a single line. The line
|
|
starts with a @emph{prefix} that contains the @emph{category}
|
|
(@pxref{Categories}) of the item and other important information. You can
|
|
customize the prefix using the option @code{org-agenda-prefix-format}.
|
|
The prefix is followed by a cleaned-up version of the outline headline
|
|
associated with the item.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
|
|
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
|
|
* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Categories, Time-of-day specifications, Presentation and sorting, Presentation and sorting
|
|
@subsection Categories
|
|
|
|
@cindex category
|
|
The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item. By default,
|
|
the category is simply derived from the file name, but you can also
|
|
specify it with a special line in the buffer, like this@footnote{For
|
|
backward compatibility, the following also works: If there are several
|
|
such lines in a file, each specifies the category for the text below it.
|
|
The first category also applies to any text before the first CATEGORY
|
|
line. However, using this method is @emph{strongly} deprecated as it is
|
|
incompatible with the outline structure of the document. The correct
|
|
method for setting multiple categories in a buffer is using a
|
|
property.}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+CATEGORY: Thesis
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If you would like to have a special CATEGORY for a single entry or a
|
|
(sub)tree, give the entry a @code{:CATEGORY:} property with the location
|
|
as the value (@pxref{Properties and Columns}).
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The display in the agenda buffer looks best if the category is not
|
|
longer than 10 characters.
|
|
|
|
@node Time-of-day specifications, Sorting of agenda items, Categories, Presentation and sorting
|
|
@subsection Time-of-day specifications
|
|
@cindex time-of-day specification
|
|
|
|
Org mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
|
|
time can be part of the time stamp that triggered inclusion into the
|
|
agenda, for example as in @w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>}}. Time
|
|
ranges can be specified with two time stamps, like
|
|
@c
|
|
@w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>}}.
|
|
|
|
In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
|
|
plain text (like @samp{12:45} or a @samp{8:30-1pm}. If the agenda
|
|
integrates the Emacs diary (@pxref{Weekly/daily agenda}), time
|
|
specifications in diary entries are recognized as well.
|
|
|
|
For agenda display, Org mode extracts the time and displays it in a
|
|
standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
|
|
the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
|
|
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
|
|
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
|
|
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@cindex time grid
|
|
If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
|
|
timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
8:00...... ------------------
|
|
8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
|
|
10:00...... ------------------
|
|
12:00...... ------------------
|
|
12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
|
|
14:00...... ------------------
|
|
16:00...... ------------------
|
|
18:00...... ------------------
|
|
19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
|
|
20:00...... ------------------
|
|
20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
|
|
@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid}, and can be configured with
|
|
@code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
|
|
|
|
@node Sorting of agenda items, , Time-of-day specifications, Presentation and sorting
|
|
@subsection Sorting of agenda items
|
|
@cindex sorting, of agenda items
|
|
@cindex priorities, of agenda items
|
|
Before being inserted into a view, the items are sorted. How this is
|
|
done depends on the type of view.
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
For the daily/weekly agenda, the items for each day are sorted. The
|
|
default order is to first collect all items containing an explicit
|
|
time-of-day specification. These entries will be shown at the beginning
|
|
of the list, as a @emph{schedule} for the day. After that, items remain
|
|
grouped in categories, in the sequence given by @code{org-agenda-files}.
|
|
Within each category, items are sorted by priority (@pxref{Priorities}),
|
|
which is composed of the base priority (2000 for priority @samp{A}, 1000
|
|
for @samp{B}, and 0 for @samp{C}), plus additional increments for
|
|
overdue scheduled or deadline items.
|
|
@item
|
|
For the TODO list, items remain in the order of categories, but within
|
|
each category, sorting takes place according to priority
|
|
(@pxref{Priorities}).
|
|
@item
|
|
For tags matches, items are not sorted at all, but just appear in the
|
|
sequence in which they are found in the agenda files.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
Sorting can be customized using the variable
|
|
@code{org-agenda-sorting-strategy}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Agenda commands, Custom agenda views, Presentation and sorting, Agenda Views
|
|
@section Commands in the agenda buffer
|
|
@cindex commands, in agenda buffer
|
|
|
|
Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the org file or diary
|
|
file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda
|
|
buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the
|
|
original entry location, and to edit the org-files ``remotely'' from
|
|
the agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once,
|
|
removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge.
|
|
|
|
Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For
|
|
the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@tsubheading{Motion}
|
|
@cindex motion commands in agenda
|
|
@kindex n
|
|
@item n
|
|
Next line (same as @key{up} and @kbd{C-p}).
|
|
@kindex p
|
|
@item p
|
|
Previous line (same as @key{down} and @kbd{C-n}).
|
|
@tsubheading{View/Go to org file}
|
|
@kindex mouse-3
|
|
@kindex @key{SPC}
|
|
@item mouse-3
|
|
@itemx @key{SPC}
|
|
Display the original location of the item in another window.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex L
|
|
@item L
|
|
Display original location and recenter that window.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex mouse-2
|
|
@kindex mouse-1
|
|
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
|
@item mouse-2
|
|
@itemx mouse-1
|
|
@itemx @key{TAB}
|
|
Go to the original location of the item in another window. Under Emacs
|
|
22, @kbd{mouse-1} will also works for this.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex @key{RET}
|
|
@itemx @key{RET}
|
|
Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex f
|
|
@item f
|
|
Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through
|
|
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
|
|
location in the org file. The initial setting for this mode in new
|
|
agenda buffers can be set with the variable
|
|
@code{org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex b
|
|
@item b
|
|
Display the entire subtree of the current item in an indirect buffer. With a
|
|
numeric prefix argument N, go up to level N and then take that tree. If N is
|
|
negative, go up that many levels. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix, do not remove the
|
|
previously used indirect buffer.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex l
|
|
@item l
|
|
Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that where marked DONE while
|
|
logging was on (variable @code{org-log-done}) are shown in the agenda,
|
|
as are entries that have been clocked on that day.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Change display}
|
|
@cindex display changing, in agenda
|
|
@kindex o
|
|
@item o
|
|
Delete other windows.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex d
|
|
@kindex w
|
|
@kindex m
|
|
@kindex y
|
|
@item d w m y
|
|
Switch to day/week/month/year view. When switching to day or week view,
|
|
this setting becomes the default for subsequent agenda commands. Since
|
|
month and year views are slow to create, they do not become the default.
|
|
A numeric prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day
|
|
of the year, ISO week, month, or year, respectively. For example,
|
|
@kbd{32 d} jumps to February 1st, @kbd{9 w} to ISO week number 9. When
|
|
setting day, week, or month view, a year may be encoded in the prefix
|
|
argument as well. For example, @kbd{200712 w} will jump to week 12 in
|
|
2007. If such a year specification has only one or two digits, it will
|
|
be mapped to the interval 1938-2037.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex D
|
|
@item D
|
|
Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex G
|
|
@item G
|
|
Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables
|
|
@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid} and @code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex r
|
|
@item r
|
|
Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes
|
|
after modification of the time stamps of items with S-@key{left} and
|
|
S-@key{right}. When the buffer is the global TODO list, a prefix
|
|
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific TODO
|
|
keyword.
|
|
@kindex g
|
|
@item g
|
|
Same as @kbd{r}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex s
|
|
@kindex C-x C-s
|
|
@item s
|
|
@itemx C-x C-s
|
|
Save all Org buffers in the current Emacs session.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex @key{right}
|
|
@item @key{right}
|
|
Display the following @code{org-agenda-ndays} days. For example, if
|
|
the display covers a week, switch to the following week. With prefix
|
|
arg, go forward that many times @code{org-agenda-ndays} days.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex @key{left}
|
|
@item @key{left}
|
|
Display the previous dates.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex .
|
|
@item .
|
|
Go to today.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Query editing}
|
|
@cindex query editing, in agenda
|
|
|
|
@kindex [
|
|
@kindex ]
|
|
@kindex @{
|
|
@kindex @}
|
|
@item [ ] @{ @}
|
|
In the @i{search view} (@pxref{Keyword search}), these keys add new
|
|
search words (@kbd{[} and @kbd{]}) or new regular expressions (@kbd{@{}
|
|
and @kbd{@}}) to the query string. The opening bracket/brace will add a
|
|
positive search term prefixed by @samp{+}, indicating that this search
|
|
term @i{must} occur/match in the entry. Closing bracket/brace add a
|
|
negative search term which @i{must not} occur/match in the entry for it
|
|
to be selected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Remote editing}
|
|
@cindex remote editing, from agenda
|
|
|
|
@item 0-9
|
|
Digit argument.
|
|
@c
|
|
@cindex undoing remote-editing events
|
|
@cindex remote editing, undo
|
|
@kindex C-_
|
|
@item C-_
|
|
Undo a change due to a remote editing command. The change is undone
|
|
both in the agenda buffer and in the remote buffer.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex t
|
|
@item t
|
|
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
|
|
original org file.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-k
|
|
@item C-k
|
|
Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree belonging
|
|
to it in the original Org file. If the text to be deleted remotely
|
|
is longer than one line, the kill needs to be confirmed by the user. See
|
|
variable @code{org-agenda-confirm-kill}.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex $
|
|
@item $
|
|
Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex T
|
|
@item T
|
|
Show all tags associated with the current item. Because of
|
|
inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line itself.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex :
|
|
@item :
|
|
Set tags for the current headline. If there is an active region in the
|
|
agenda, change a tag for all headings in the region.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex a
|
|
@item a
|
|
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex ,
|
|
@item ,
|
|
Set the priority for the current item. Org mode prompts for the
|
|
priority character. If you reply with @key{SPC}, the priority cookie
|
|
is removed from the entry.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex P
|
|
@item P
|
|
Display weighted priority of current item.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex +
|
|
@kindex S-@key{up}
|
|
@item +
|
|
@itemx S-@key{up}
|
|
Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is changed in
|
|
the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted. Use the @kbd{r}
|
|
key for this.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex -
|
|
@kindex S-@key{down}
|
|
@item -
|
|
@itemx S-@key{down}
|
|
Decrease the priority of the current item.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-s
|
|
@item C-c C-s
|
|
Schedule this item
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c C-d
|
|
@item C-c C-d
|
|
Set a deadline for this item.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S-@key{right}
|
|
@item S-@key{right}
|
|
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day into the
|
|
future. With a numeric prefix argument, change it by that many days. For
|
|
example, @kbd{3 6 5 S-@key{right}} will change it by a year. The stamp is
|
|
changed in the original org file, but the change is not directly reflected in
|
|
the agenda buffer. Use the @kbd{r} key to update the buffer.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S-@key{left}
|
|
@item S-@key{left}
|
|
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day
|
|
into the past.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex >
|
|
@item >
|
|
Change the time stamp associated with the current line to today.
|
|
The key @kbd{>} has been chosen, because it is the same as @kbd{S-.}
|
|
on my keyboard.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex I
|
|
@item I
|
|
Start the clock on the current item. If a clock is running already, it
|
|
is stopped first.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex O
|
|
@item O
|
|
Stop the previously started clock.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex X
|
|
@item X
|
|
Cancel the currently running clock.
|
|
|
|
@kindex J
|
|
@item J
|
|
Jump to the running clock in another window.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Calendar commands}
|
|
@cindex calendar commands, from agenda
|
|
@kindex c
|
|
@item c
|
|
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.
|
|
@c
|
|
@item c
|
|
When in the calendar, compute and show the Org mode agenda for the
|
|
date at the cursor.
|
|
@c
|
|
@cindex diary entries, creating from agenda
|
|
@kindex i
|
|
@item i
|
|
Insert a new entry into the diary. Prompts for the type of entry
|
|
(day, weekly, monthly, yearly, anniversary, cyclic) and creates a new
|
|
entry in the diary, just as @kbd{i d} etc. would do in the calendar.
|
|
The date is taken from the cursor position.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex M
|
|
@item M
|
|
Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current date.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex S
|
|
@item S
|
|
Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be set
|
|
with calendar variables, see documentation of the Emacs calendar.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C
|
|
@item C
|
|
Convert the date at cursor into many other cultural and historic
|
|
calendars.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex H
|
|
@item H
|
|
Show holidays for three month around the cursor date.
|
|
@c
|
|
@c FIXME: This should be a different key.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-c
|
|
Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda files.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Exporting to a file}
|
|
@kindex C-x C-w
|
|
@item C-x C-w
|
|
@cindex exporting agenda views
|
|
@cindex agenda views, exporting
|
|
Write the agenda view to a file. Depending on the extension of the
|
|
selected file name, the view will be exported as HTML (extension
|
|
@file{.html} or @file{.htm}), Postscript (extension @file{.ps}), or
|
|
plain text (any other extension). Use the variable
|
|
@code{org-agenda-exporter-settings} to set options for @file{ps-print}
|
|
and for @file{htmlize} to be used during export.
|
|
|
|
@tsubheading{Quit and Exit}
|
|
@kindex q
|
|
@item q
|
|
Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex x
|
|
@cindex agenda files, removing buffers
|
|
@item x
|
|
Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by Emacs
|
|
for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the user to
|
|
visit org files will not be removed.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Custom agenda views, , Agenda commands, Agenda Views
|
|
@section Custom agenda views
|
|
@cindex custom agenda views
|
|
@cindex agenda views, custom
|
|
|
|
Custom agenda commands serve two purposes: to store and quickly access
|
|
frequently used TODO and tags searches, and to create special composite
|
|
agenda buffers. Custom agenda commands will be accessible through the
|
|
dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}), just like the default commands.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
|
|
* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
|
|
* Setting Options:: Changing the rules
|
|
* Exporting Agenda Views:: Writing agendas to files
|
|
* Using the agenda elsewhere:: Using agenda information in other programs
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Storing searches, Block agenda, Custom agenda views, Custom agenda views
|
|
@subsection Storing searches
|
|
|
|
The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard
|
|
shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda
|
|
buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the current
|
|
buffer).
|
|
@kindex C-c a C
|
|
Custom commands are configured in the variable
|
|
@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. You can customize this variable, for
|
|
example by pressing @kbd{C-c a C}. You can also directly set it with
|
|
Emacs Lisp in @file{.emacs}. The following example contains all valid
|
|
search types:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
@group
|
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|
'(("w" todo "WAITING")
|
|
("W" todo-tree "WAITING")
|
|
("u" tags "+boss-urgent")
|
|
("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent")
|
|
("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent")
|
|
("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")
|
|
("h" . "HOME+Name tags searches") ; description for "h" prefix
|
|
("hl" tags "+home+Lisa")
|
|
("hp" tags "+home+Peter")
|
|
("hk" tags "+home+Kim")))
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The initial string in each entry defines the keys you have to press
|
|
after the dispatcher command @kbd{C-c a} in order to access the command.
|
|
Usually this will be just a single character, but if you have many
|
|
similar commands, you can also define two-letter combinations where the
|
|
first character is the same in several combinations and serves as a
|
|
prefix key@footnote{You can provide a description for a prefix key by
|
|
inserting a cons cell with the prefix and the description.}. The second
|
|
parameter is the search type, followed by the string or regular
|
|
expression to be used for the matching. The example above will
|
|
therefore define:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-c a w
|
|
as a global search for TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO
|
|
keyword
|
|
@item C-c a W
|
|
as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying the
|
|
results as a sparse tree
|
|
@item C-c a u
|
|
as a global tags search for headlines marked @samp{:boss:} but not
|
|
@samp{:urgent:}
|
|
@item C-c a v
|
|
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but limiting the search to
|
|
headlines that are also TODO items
|
|
@item C-c a U
|
|
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but only in the current buffer and
|
|
displaying the result as a sparse tree
|
|
@item C-c a f
|
|
to create a sparse tree (again: current buffer only) with all entries
|
|
containing the word @samp{FIXME}
|
|
@item C-c a h
|
|
as a prefix command for a HOME tags search where you have to press an
|
|
additional key (@kbd{l}, @kbd{p} or @kbd{k}) to select a name (Lisa,
|
|
Peter, or Kim) as additional tag to match.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Block agenda, Setting Options, Storing searches, Custom agenda views
|
|
@subsection Block agenda
|
|
@cindex block agenda
|
|
@cindex agenda, with block views
|
|
|
|
Another possibility is the construction of agenda views that comprise
|
|
the results of @emph{several} commands, each of which creates a block in
|
|
the agenda buffer. The available commands include @code{agenda} for the
|
|
daily or weekly agenda (as created with @kbd{C-c a a}), @code{alltodo}
|
|
for the global TODO list (as constructed with @kbd{C-c a t}), and the
|
|
matching commands discussed above: @code{todo}, @code{tags}, and
|
|
@code{tags-todo}. Here are two examples:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
@group
|
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|
'(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
|
|
((agenda "")
|
|
(tags-todo "home")
|
|
(tags "garden")))
|
|
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
|
|
((agenda "")
|
|
(tags-todo "work")
|
|
(tags "office")))))
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
This will define @kbd{C-c a h} to create a multi-block view for stuff
|
|
you need to attend to at home. The resulting agenda buffer will contain
|
|
your agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag
|
|
@samp{home}, and also all lines tagged with @samp{garden}. Finally the
|
|
command @kbd{C-c a o} provides a similar view for office tasks.
|
|
|
|
@node Setting Options, Exporting Agenda Views, Block agenda, Custom agenda views
|
|
@subsection Setting options for custom commands
|
|
@cindex options, for custom agenda views
|
|
|
|
Org mode contains a number of variables regulating agenda construction
|
|
and display. The global variables define the behavior for all agenda
|
|
commands, including the custom commands. However, if you want to change
|
|
some settings just for a single custom view, you can do so. Setting
|
|
options requires inserting a list of variable names and values at the
|
|
right spot in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. For example:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
@group
|
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|
'(("w" todo "WAITING"
|
|
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))
|
|
(org-agenda-prefix-format " Mixed: ")))
|
|
("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent"
|
|
((org-show-following-heading nil)
|
|
(org-show-hierarchy-above nil)))
|
|
("N" search ""
|
|
((org-agenda-files '("~org/notes.org"))
|
|
(org-agenda-text-search-extra-files nil)))))
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Now the @kbd{C-c a w} command will sort the collected entries only by
|
|
priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say @samp{ Mixed: }
|
|
instead of giving the category of the entry. The sparse tags tree of
|
|
@kbd{C-c a U} will now turn out ultra-compact, because neither the
|
|
headline hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match
|
|
will be shown. The command @kbd{C-c a N} will do a text search limited
|
|
to only a single file.
|
|
|
|
For command sets creating a block agenda,
|
|
@code{org-agenda-custom-commands} has two separate spots for setting
|
|
options. You can add options that should be valid for just a single
|
|
command in the set, and options that should be valid for all commands in
|
|
the set. The former are just added to the command entry, the latter
|
|
must come after the list of command entries. Going back to the block
|
|
agenda example (@pxref{Block agenda}), let's change the sorting strategy
|
|
for the @kbd{C-c a h} commands to @code{priority-down}, but let's sort
|
|
the results for GARDEN tags query in the opposite order,
|
|
@code{priority-up}. This would look like this:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
@group
|
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|
'(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
|
|
((agenda)
|
|
(tags-todo "home")
|
|
(tags "garden"
|
|
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up)))))
|
|
((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))))
|
|
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
|
|
((agenda)
|
|
(tags-todo "work")
|
|
(tags "office")))))
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
As you see, the values and parenthesis setting is a little complex.
|
|
When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable - it
|
|
fully supports its structure. Just one caveat: When setting options in
|
|
this interface, the @emph{values} are just lisp expressions. So if the
|
|
value is a string, you need to add the double quotes around the value
|
|
yourself.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Exporting Agenda Views, Using the agenda elsewhere, Setting Options, Custom agenda views
|
|
@subsection Exporting Agenda Views
|
|
@cindex agenda views, exporting
|
|
|
|
If you are away from your computer, it can be very useful to have a
|
|
printed version of some agenda views to carry around. Org mode can
|
|
export custom agenda views as plain text, HTML@footnote{You need to
|
|
install Hrvoje Niksic' @file{htmlize.el}.} postscript, and iCalendar
|
|
files. If you want to do this only occasionally, use the command
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-x C-w
|
|
@item C-x C-w
|
|
@cindex exporting agenda views
|
|
@cindex agenda views, exporting
|
|
Write the agenda view to a file. Depending on the extension of the
|
|
selected file name, the view will be exported as HTML (extension
|
|
@file{.html} or @file{.htm}), Postscript (extension @file{.ps}),
|
|
iCalendar (extension @file{.ics}), or plain text (any other extension).
|
|
Use the variable @code{org-agenda-exporter-settings} to
|
|
set options for @file{ps-print} and for @file{htmlize} to be used during
|
|
export, for example
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-agenda-exporter-settings
|
|
'((ps-number-of-columns 2)
|
|
(ps-landscape-mode t)
|
|
(htmlize-output-type 'css)))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
If you need to export certain agenda views frequently, you can associate
|
|
any custom agenda command with a list of output file names
|
|
@footnote{If you want to store standard views like the weekly agenda
|
|
or the global TODO list as well, you need to define custom commands for
|
|
them in order to be able to specify file names.}. Here is an example
|
|
that first does define custom commands for the agenda and the global
|
|
todo list, together with a number of files to which to export them.
|
|
Then we define two block agenda commands and specify file names for them
|
|
as well. File names can be relative to the current working directory,
|
|
or absolute.
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
@group
|
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|
'(("X" agenda "" nil ("agenda.html" "agenda.ps"))
|
|
("Y" alltodo "" nil ("todo.html" "todo.txt" "todo.ps"))
|
|
("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
|
|
((agenda "")
|
|
(tags-todo "home")
|
|
(tags "garden"))
|
|
nil
|
|
("~/views/home.html"))
|
|
("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
|
|
((agenda)
|
|
(tags-todo "work")
|
|
(tags "office"))
|
|
nil
|
|
("~/views/office.ps" "~/calendars/office.ics"))))
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
The extension of the file name determines the type of export. If it is
|
|
@file{.html}, Org mode will use the @file{htmlize.el} package to convert
|
|
the buffer to HTML and save it to this file name. If the extension is
|
|
@file{.ps}, @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} is used to produce
|
|
postscript output. If the extension is @file{.ics}, iCalendar export is
|
|
run export over all files that were used to construct the agenda, and
|
|
limit the export to entries listed in the agenda now. Any other
|
|
extension produces a plain ASCII file.
|
|
|
|
The export files are @emph{not} created when you use one of those
|
|
commands interactively because this might use too much overhead.
|
|
Instead, there is a special command to produce @emph{all} specified
|
|
files in one step:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c a e
|
|
@item C-c a e
|
|
Export all agenda views that have export file names associated with
|
|
them.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
You can use the options section of the custom agenda commands to also
|
|
set options for the export commands. For example:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
|
|
'(("X" agenda ""
|
|
((ps-number-of-columns 2)
|
|
(ps-landscape-mode t)
|
|
(org-agenda-prefix-format " [ ] ")
|
|
(org-agenda-with-colors nil)
|
|
(org-agenda-remove-tags t))
|
|
("theagenda.ps"))))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
This command sets two options for the postscript exporter, to make it
|
|
print in two columns in landscape format - the resulting page can be cut
|
|
in two and then used in a paper agenda. The remaining settings modify
|
|
the agenda prefix to omit category and scheduling information, and
|
|
instead include a checkbox to check off items. We also remove the tags
|
|
to make the lines compact, and we don't want to use colors for the
|
|
black-and-white printer. Settings specified in
|
|
@code{org-agenda-exporter-settings} will also apply, but the settings
|
|
in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} take precedence.
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
From the command line you may also use
|
|
@example
|
|
emacs -f org-batch-store-agenda-views -kill
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
or, if you need to modify some parameters
|
|
@example
|
|
emacs -eval '(org-batch-store-agenda-views \
|
|
org-agenda-ndays 30 \
|
|
org-agenda-start-day "2007-11-01" \
|
|
org-agenda-include-diary nil \
|
|
org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \
|
|
-kill
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
which will create the agenda views restricted to the file
|
|
@file{~/org/project.org}, without diary entries and with 30 days
|
|
extent.
|
|
|
|
@node Using the agenda elsewhere, , Exporting Agenda Views, Custom agenda views
|
|
@subsection Using agenda information outside of Org
|
|
@cindex agenda, pipe
|
|
@cindex Scripts, for agenda processing
|
|
|
|
Org provides commands to access agenda information for the command
|
|
line in emacs batch mode. This extracted information can be sent
|
|
directly to a printer, or it can be read by a program that does further
|
|
processing of the data. The first of these commands is the function
|
|
@code{org-batch-agenda}, that produces an agenda view and sends it as
|
|
ASCII text to STDOUT. The command takes a single string as parameter.
|
|
If the string has length 1, it is used as a key to one of the commands
|
|
you have configured in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}, basically any
|
|
key you can use after @kbd{C-c a}. For example, to directly print the
|
|
current TODO list, you could use
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda "t")' | lpr
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
If the parameter is a string with 2 or more characters, it is used as a
|
|
tags/todo match string. For example, to print your local shopping list
|
|
(all items with the tag @samp{shop}, but excluding the tag
|
|
@samp{NewYork}), you could use
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \
|
|
-eval '(org-batch-agenda "+shop-NewYork")' | lpr
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
You may also modify parameters on the fly like this:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \
|
|
-eval '(org-batch-agenda "a" \
|
|
org-agenda-ndays 30 \
|
|
org-agenda-include-diary nil \
|
|
org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \
|
|
| lpr
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
which will produce a 30 day agenda, fully restricted to the Org file
|
|
@file{~/org/projects.org}, not even including the diary.
|
|
|
|
If you want to process the agenda data in more sophisticated ways, you
|
|
can use the command @code{org-batch-agenda-csv} to get a comma-separated
|
|
list of values for each agenda item. Each line in the output will
|
|
contain a number of fields separated by commas. The fields in a line
|
|
are:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
category @r{The category of the item}
|
|
head @r{The headline, without TODO kwd, TAGS and PRIORITY}
|
|
type @r{The type of the agenda entry, can be}
|
|
todo @r{selected in TODO match}
|
|
tagsmatch @r{selected in tags match}
|
|
diary @r{imported from diary}
|
|
deadline @r{a deadline}
|
|
scheduled @r{scheduled}
|
|
timestamp @r{appointment, selected by timestamp}
|
|
closed @r{entry was closed on date}
|
|
upcoming-deadline @r{warning about nearing deadline}
|
|
past-scheduled @r{forwarded scheduled item}
|
|
block @r{entry has date block including date}
|
|
todo @r{The TODO keyword, if any}
|
|
tags @r{All tags including inherited ones, separated by colons}
|
|
date @r{The relevant date, like 2007-2-14}
|
|
time @r{The time, like 15:00-16:50}
|
|
extra @r{String with extra planning info}
|
|
priority-l @r{The priority letter if any was given}
|
|
priority-n @r{The computed numerical priority}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Time and date will only be given if a timestamp (or deadline/scheduled)
|
|
lead to the selection of the item.
|
|
|
|
A CSV list like this is very easy to use in a post processing script.
|
|
For example, here is a Perl program that gets the TODO list from
|
|
Emacs/Org and prints all the items, preceded by a checkbox:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@group
|
|
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
|
|
|
# define the Emacs command to run
|
|
$cmd = "emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda-csv \"t\")'";
|
|
|
|
# run it and capture the output
|
|
$agenda = qx@{$cmd 2>/dev/null@};
|
|
|
|
# loop over all lines
|
|
foreach $line (split(/\n/,$agenda)) @{
|
|
|
|
# get the individual values
|
|
($category,$head,$type,$todo,$tags,$date,$time,$extra,
|
|
$priority_l,$priority_n) = split(/,/,$line);
|
|
|
|
# proccess and print
|
|
print "[ ] $head\n";
|
|
@}
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Embedded LaTeX, Exporting, Agenda Views, Top
|
|
@chapter Embedded LaTeX
|
|
@cindex @TeX{} interpretation
|
|
@cindex La@TeX{} interpretation
|
|
|
|
Plain ASCII is normally sufficient for almost all note taking. One
|
|
exception, however, are scientific notes which need to be able to contain
|
|
mathematical symbols and the occasional formula. La@TeX{}@footnote{La@TeX{}
|
|
is a macro system based on Donald E. Knuth's @TeX{} system. Many of the
|
|
features described here as ``La@TeX{}'' are really from @TeX{}, but for
|
|
simplicity I am blurring this distinction.} is widely used to typeset
|
|
scientific documents. Org mode supports embedding La@TeX{} code into its
|
|
files, because many academics are used to reading La@TeX{} source code, and
|
|
because it can be readily processed into images for HTML production.
|
|
|
|
It is not necessary to mark La@TeX{} macros and code in any special way.
|
|
If you observe a few conventions, Org mode knows how to find it and what
|
|
to do with it.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Math symbols:: TeX macros for symbols and Greek letters
|
|
* Subscripts and superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
|
|
* LaTeX fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
|
|
* Processing LaTeX fragments:: Previewing LaTeX processing
|
|
* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Math symbols, Subscripts and superscripts, Embedded LaTeX, Embedded LaTeX
|
|
@section Math symbols
|
|
@cindex math symbols
|
|
@cindex TeX macros
|
|
|
|
You can use La@TeX{} macros to insert special symbols like @samp{\alpha}
|
|
to indicate the Greek letter, or @samp{\to} to indicate an arrow.
|
|
Completion for these macros is available, just type @samp{\} and maybe a
|
|
few letters, and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to see possible completions.
|
|
Unlike La@TeX{} code, Org mode allows these macros to be present
|
|
without surrounding math delimiters, for example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
Angles are written as Greek letters \alpha, \beta and \gamma.
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
During HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), these symbols are translated
|
|
into the proper syntax for HTML, for the above examples this is
|
|
@samp{α} and @samp{→}, respectively.
|
|
|
|
@node Subscripts and superscripts, LaTeX fragments, Math symbols, Embedded LaTeX
|
|
@section Subscripts and superscripts
|
|
@cindex subscript
|
|
@cindex superscript
|
|
|
|
Just like in La@TeX{}, @samp{^} and @samp{_} are used to indicate super-
|
|
and subscripts. Again, these can be used without embedding them in
|
|
math-mode delimiters. To increase the readability of ASCII text, it is
|
|
not necessary (but OK) to surround multi-character sub- and superscripts
|
|
with curly braces. For example
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
The mass if the sun is M_sun = 1.989 x 10^30 kg. The radius of
|
|
the sun is R_@{sun@} = 6.96 x 10^8 m.
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
To avoid interpretation as raised or lowered text, you can quote
|
|
@samp{^} and @samp{_} with a backslash: @samp{\_} and @samp{\^}.
|
|
|
|
During HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), subscript and superscripts
|
|
are surrounded with @code{<sub>} and @code{<sup>} tags, respectively.
|
|
|
|
@node LaTeX fragments, Processing LaTeX fragments, Subscripts and superscripts, Embedded LaTeX
|
|
@section LaTeX fragments
|
|
@cindex LaTeX fragments
|
|
|
|
With symbols, sub- and superscripts, HTML is pretty much at its end when
|
|
it comes to representing mathematical formulas@footnote{Yes, there is
|
|
MathML, but that is not yet fully supported by many browsers, and there
|
|
is no decent converter for turning La@TeX{} or ASCII representations of
|
|
formulas into MathML. So for the time being, converting formulas into
|
|
images seems the way to go.}. More complex expressions need a dedicated
|
|
formula processor. To this end, Org mode can contain arbitrary La@TeX{}
|
|
fragments. It provides commands to preview the typeset result of these
|
|
fragments, and upon export to HTML, all fragments will be converted to
|
|
images and inlined into the HTML document@footnote{The La@TeX{} export
|
|
will not use images for displaying La@TeX{} fragments but include these
|
|
fragments directly into the La@TeX{} code.}. For this to work you
|
|
need to be on a system with a working La@TeX{} installation. You also
|
|
need the @file{dvipng} program, available at
|
|
@url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/}. The La@TeX{} header that
|
|
will be used when processing a fragment can be configured with the
|
|
variable @code{org-format-latex-header}.
|
|
|
|
La@TeX{} fragments don't need any special marking at all. The following
|
|
snippets will be identified as La@TeX{} source code:
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
Environments of any kind. The only requirement is that the
|
|
@code{\begin} statement appears on a new line, preceded by only
|
|
whitespace.
|
|
@item
|
|
Text within the usual La@TeX{} math delimiters. To avoid conflicts with
|
|
currency specifications, single @samp{$} characters are only recognized
|
|
as math delimiters if the enclosed text contains at most two line breaks,
|
|
is directly attached to the @samp{$} characters with no whitespace in
|
|
between, and if the closing @samp{$} is followed by whitespace or
|
|
punctuation. For the other delimiters, there is no such restriction, so
|
|
when in doubt, use @samp{\(...\)} as inline math delimiters.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@noindent For example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
\begin@{equation@} % arbitrary environments,
|
|
x=\sqrt@{b@} % even tables, figures
|
|
\end@{equation@} % etc
|
|
|
|
If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be
|
|
either $$ a=+\sqrt@{2@} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt@{2@} \].
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If you need any of the delimiter ASCII sequences for other purposes, you
|
|
can configure the option @code{org-format-latex-options} to deselect the
|
|
ones you do not wish to have interpreted by the La@TeX{} converter.
|
|
|
|
@node Processing LaTeX fragments, CDLaTeX mode, LaTeX fragments, Embedded LaTeX
|
|
@section Processing LaTeX fragments
|
|
@cindex LaTeX fragments, preview
|
|
|
|
La@TeX{} fragments can be processed to produce a preview images of the
|
|
typeset expressions:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-l
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-l
|
|
Produce a preview image of the La@TeX{} fragment at point and overlay it
|
|
over the source code. If there is no fragment at point, process all
|
|
fragments in the current entry (between two headlines). When called
|
|
with a prefix argument, process the entire subtree. When called with
|
|
two prefix arguments, or when the cursor is before the first headline,
|
|
process the entire buffer.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
Remove the overlay preview images.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
During HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), all La@TeX{} fragments are
|
|
converted into images and inlined into the document if the following
|
|
setting is active:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments t)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@node CDLaTeX mode, , Processing LaTeX fragments, Embedded LaTeX
|
|
@section Using CDLaTeX to enter math
|
|
@cindex CDLaTeX
|
|
|
|
CDLaTeX mode is a minor mode that is normally used in combination with a
|
|
major La@TeX{} mode like AUCTeX in order to speed-up insertion of
|
|
environments and math templates. Inside Org mode, you can make use of
|
|
some of the features of CDLaTeX mode. You need to install
|
|
@file{cdlatex.el} and @file{texmathp.el} (the latter comes also with
|
|
AUCTeX) from @url{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/cdlatex}.
|
|
Don't turn CDLaTeX mode itself under Org mode, but use the light
|
|
version @code{org-cdlatex-mode} that comes as part of Org mode. Turn it
|
|
on for the current buffer with @code{M-x org-cdlatex-mode}, or for all
|
|
Org files with
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-org-cdlatex)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
When this mode is enabled, the following features are present (for more
|
|
details see the documentation of CDLaTeX mode):
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@kindex C-c @{
|
|
@item
|
|
Environment templates can be inserted with @kbd{C-c @{}.
|
|
@item
|
|
@kindex @key{TAB}
|
|
The @key{TAB} key will do template expansion if the cursor is inside a
|
|
La@TeX{} fragment@footnote{Org mode has a method to test if the cursor is
|
|
inside such a fragment, see the documentation of the function
|
|
@code{org-inside-LaTeX-fragment-p}.}. For example, @key{TAB} will
|
|
expand @code{fr} to @code{\frac@{@}@{@}} and position the cursor
|
|
correctly inside the first brace. Another @key{TAB} will get you into
|
|
the second brace. Even outside fragments, @key{TAB} will expand
|
|
environment abbreviations at the beginning of a line. For example, if
|
|
you write @samp{equ} at the beginning of a line and press @key{TAB},
|
|
this abbreviation will be expanded to an @code{equation} environment.
|
|
To get a list of all abbreviations, type @kbd{M-x cdlatex-command-help}.
|
|
@item
|
|
@kindex _
|
|
@kindex ^
|
|
Pressing @kbd{_} and @kbd{^} inside a La@TeX{} fragment will insert these
|
|
characters together with a pair of braces. If you use @key{TAB} to move
|
|
out of the braces, and if the braces surround only a single character or
|
|
macro, they are removed again (depending on the variable
|
|
@code{cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts}).
|
|
@item
|
|
@kindex `
|
|
Pressing the backquote @kbd{`} followed by a character inserts math
|
|
macros, also outside La@TeX{} fragments. If you wait more than 1.5 seconds
|
|
after the backquote, a help window will pop up.
|
|
@item
|
|
@kindex '
|
|
Pressing the normal quote @kbd{'} followed by another character modifies
|
|
the symbol before point with an accent or a font. If you wait more than
|
|
1.5 seconds after the backquote, a help window will pop up. Character
|
|
modification will work only inside La@TeX{} fragments, outside the quote
|
|
is normal.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@node Exporting, Publishing, Embedded LaTeX, Top
|
|
@chapter Exporting
|
|
@cindex exporting
|
|
|
|
Org mode documents can be exported into a variety of other formats. For
|
|
printing and sharing of notes, ASCII export produces a readable and
|
|
simple version of an Org file. HTML export allows you to publish a
|
|
notes file on the web, while the XOXO format provides a solid base for
|
|
exchange with a broad range of other applications. La@TeX{} export lets
|
|
you use Org mode and its structured editing functions to easily create
|
|
La@TeX{} files. To incorporate entries with associated times like
|
|
deadlines or appointments into a desktop calendar program like iCal,
|
|
Org mode can also produce extracts in the iCalendar format. Currently
|
|
Org mode only supports export, not import of these different formats.
|
|
|
|
When exporting, Org mode uses special conventions to enrich the output
|
|
produced. @xref{Text interpretation}, for more details.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e
|
|
@item C-c C-e
|
|
Dispatcher for export and publishing commands. Displays a help-window
|
|
listing the additional key(s) needed to launch an export or publishing
|
|
command.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
|
|
* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
|
|
* LaTeX export:: Exporting to LaTeX
|
|
* XOXO export:: Exporting to XOXO
|
|
* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
|
|
* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node ASCII export, HTML export, Exporting, Exporting
|
|
@section ASCII export
|
|
@cindex ASCII export
|
|
|
|
ASCII export produces a simple and very readable version of an Org mode
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
@cindex region, active
|
|
@cindex active region
|
|
@cindex Transient mark mode
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e a
|
|
@item C-c C-e a
|
|
Export as ASCII file. For an org file @file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file
|
|
will be @file{myfile.txt}. The file will be overwritten without
|
|
warning. If there is an active region, only the region will be
|
|
exported. If the selected region is a single tree, the tree head will
|
|
become the document title. If the tree head entry has or inherits an
|
|
@code{:EXPORT_FILE_NAME:} property, that name will be used for the
|
|
export.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v a
|
|
@item C-c C-e v a
|
|
Export only the visible part of the document.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex headline levels, for exporting
|
|
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
|
|
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
|
|
will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to occur
|
|
at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@kbd{C-1 C-c C-e a}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items. When
|
|
headlines are converted to items, the indentation of the text following
|
|
the headline is changed to fit nicely under the item. This is done with
|
|
the assumption that the first body line indicates the base indentation of
|
|
the body text. Any indentation larger than this is adjusted to preserve
|
|
the layout relative to the first line. Should there be lines with less
|
|
indentation than the first, these are left alone.
|
|
|
|
@node HTML export, LaTeX export, ASCII export, Exporting
|
|
@section HTML export
|
|
@cindex HTML export
|
|
|
|
Org mode contains an HTML (XHTML 1.0 strict) exporter with extensive
|
|
HTML formatting, in ways similar to John Grubers @emph{markdown}
|
|
language, but with additional support for tables.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* HTML Export commands:: How to invoke LaTeX export
|
|
* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org mode
|
|
* Links:: Transformation of links for HTML
|
|
* Images:: How to include images
|
|
* CSS support:: Changing the appearance of the output
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node HTML Export commands, Quoting HTML tags, HTML export, HTML export
|
|
@subsection HTML export commands
|
|
|
|
@cindex region, active
|
|
@cindex active region
|
|
@cindex Transient mark mode
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e h
|
|
@item C-c C-e h
|
|
Export as HTML file @file{myfile.html}. For an org file
|
|
@file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file will be @file{myfile.html}. The file
|
|
will be overwritten without warning. If there is an active region, only
|
|
the region will be exported. If the selected region is a single tree,
|
|
the tree head will become the document title. If the tree head entry
|
|
has or inherits an @code{:EXPORT_FILE_NAME:} property, that name will be
|
|
used for the export.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e b
|
|
@item C-c C-e b
|
|
Export as HTML file and immediately open it with a browser.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e H
|
|
@item C-c C-e H
|
|
Export to a temporary buffer, do not create a file.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e R
|
|
@item C-c C-e R
|
|
Export the active region to a temporary buffer. With a prefix argument, do
|
|
not produce the file header and footer, but just the plain HTML section for
|
|
the region. This is good for cut-and-paste operations.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v h
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v b
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v H
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v R
|
|
@item C-c C-e v h
|
|
@item C-c C-e v b
|
|
@item C-c C-e v H
|
|
@item C-c C-e v R
|
|
Export only the visible part of the document.
|
|
@item M-x org-export-region-as-html
|
|
Convert the region to HTML under the assumption that it was Org mode
|
|
syntax before. This is a global command that can be invoked in any
|
|
buffer.
|
|
@item M-x org-replace-region-by-HTML
|
|
Replace the active region (assumed to be in Org mode syntax) by HTML
|
|
code.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex headline levels, for exporting
|
|
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become headlines,
|
|
defining a general document structure. Additional levels will be exported as
|
|
itemized lists. If you want that transition to occur at a different level,
|
|
specify it with a numeric prefix argument. For example,
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@kbd{C-2 C-c C-e b}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.
|
|
|
|
@node Quoting HTML tags, Links, HTML Export commands, HTML export
|
|
@subsection Quoting HTML tags
|
|
|
|
Plain @samp{<} and @samp{>} are always transformed to @samp{<} and
|
|
@samp{>} in HTML export. If you want to include simple HTML tags
|
|
which should be interpreted as such, mark them with @samp{@@} as in
|
|
@samp{@@<b>bold text@@</b>}. Note that this really works only for
|
|
simple tags. For more extensive HTML that should be copied verbatim to
|
|
the exported file use either
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent or
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN_HTML
|
|
All lines between these markers are exported literally
|
|
#+END_HTML
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Links, Images, Quoting HTML tags, HTML export
|
|
@subsection Links
|
|
|
|
@cindex links, in HTML export
|
|
@cindex internal links, in HTML export
|
|
@cindex external links, in HTML export
|
|
Internal links (@pxref{Internal links}) will continue to work in HTML
|
|
files only if they match a dedicated @samp{<<target>>}. Automatic links
|
|
created by radio targets (@pxref{Radio targets}) will also work in the
|
|
HTML file. Links to external files will still work if the HTML file is
|
|
in the same directory as the Org file. Links to other @file{.org}
|
|
files will be translated into HTML links under the assumption that an
|
|
HTML version also exists of the linked file. For information related to
|
|
linking files while publishing them to a publishing directory see
|
|
@ref{Publishing links}.
|
|
|
|
@node Images, CSS support, Links, HTML export
|
|
@subsection Images
|
|
|
|
@cindex images, inline in HTML
|
|
@cindex inlining images in HTML
|
|
HTML export can inline images given as links in the Org file, and
|
|
it can make an image the clickable part of a link. By
|
|
default@footnote{but see the variable
|
|
@code{org-export-html-inline-images}}, images are inlined if a link does
|
|
not have a description. So @samp{[[file:myimg.jpg]]} will be inlined,
|
|
while @samp{[[file:myimg.jpg][the image]]} will just produce a link
|
|
@samp{the image} that points to the image. If the description part
|
|
itself is a @code{file:} link or a @code{http:} URL pointing to an
|
|
image, this image will be inlined and activated so that clicking on the
|
|
image will activate the link. For example, to include a thumbnail that
|
|
will link to a high resolution version of the image, you could use:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
[[file:highres.jpg][file:thumb.jpg]]
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
and you could use @code{http} addresses just as well.
|
|
|
|
@node CSS support, , Images, HTML export
|
|
@subsection CSS support
|
|
|
|
You can also give style information for the exported file. The HTML
|
|
exporter assigns the following CSS classes to appropriate parts of the
|
|
document - your style specifications may change these:
|
|
@example
|
|
.todo @r{TODO keywords}
|
|
.done @r{the DONE keyword}
|
|
.timestamp @r{time stamp}
|
|
.timestamp-kwd @r{keyword associated with a time stamp, like SCHEDULED}
|
|
.tag @r{tag in a headline}
|
|
.target @r{target for links}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The default style specification can be configured through the option
|
|
@code{org-export-html-style}. If you want to use a file-local style,
|
|
you may use file variables, best wrapped into a COMMENT section at the
|
|
end of the outline tree. For example@footnote{Under Emacs 21, the
|
|
continuation lines for a variable value should have no @samp{#} at the
|
|
start of the line.}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* COMMENT html style specifications
|
|
|
|
# Local Variables:
|
|
# org-export-html-style: " <style type=\"text/css\">
|
|
# p @{font-weight: normal; color: gray; @}
|
|
# h1 @{color: black; @}
|
|
# </style>"
|
|
# End:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Remember to execute @kbd{M-x normal-mode} after changing this to make
|
|
the new style visible to Emacs. This command restarts Org mode for the
|
|
current buffer and forces Emacs to re-evaluate the local variables
|
|
section in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
@c FIXME: More about header and footer styles
|
|
@c FIXME: Talk about links and targets.
|
|
|
|
@node LaTeX export, XOXO export, HTML export, Exporting
|
|
@section LaTeX export
|
|
@cindex LaTeX export
|
|
|
|
Org mode contains a La@TeX{} exporter written by Bastien Guerry.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* LaTeX export commands:: How to invoke LaTeX export
|
|
* Quoting LaTeX code:: Incorporating literal LaTeX code
|
|
* Sectioning structure:: Changing sectioning in LaTeX output
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node LaTeX export commands, Quoting LaTeX code, LaTeX export, LaTeX export
|
|
@subsection LaTeX export commands
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e l
|
|
@item C-c C-e l
|
|
Export as La@TeX{} file @file{myfile.tex}.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e L
|
|
@item C-c C-e L
|
|
Export to a temporary buffer, do not create a file.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v l
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v L
|
|
@item C-c C-e v l
|
|
@item C-c C-e v L
|
|
Export only the visible part of the document.
|
|
@item M-x org-export-region-as-latex
|
|
Convert the region to La@TeX{} under the assumption that it was Org mode
|
|
syntax before. This is a global command that can be invoked in any
|
|
buffer.
|
|
@item M-x org-replace-region-by-latex
|
|
Replace the active region (assumed to be in Org mode syntax) by La@TeX{}
|
|
code.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@cindex headline levels, for exporting
|
|
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
|
|
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
|
|
will be exported as description lists. The exporter can ignore them or
|
|
convert them to a custom string depending on
|
|
@code{org-latex-low-levels}.
|
|
|
|
If you want that transition to occur at a different level, specify it
|
|
with a numeric prefix argument. For example,
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@kbd{C-2 C-c C-e l}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.
|
|
|
|
@node Quoting LaTeX code, Sectioning structure, LaTeX export commands, LaTeX export
|
|
@subsection Quoting LaTeX code
|
|
|
|
Embedded La@TeX{} as described in @ref{Embedded LaTeX} will be correctly
|
|
inserted into the La@TeX{} file. Furthermore, you can add special code
|
|
that should only be present in La@TeX{} export with the following
|
|
constructs:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+LaTeX: Literal LaTeX code for export
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent or
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN_LaTeX
|
|
All lines between these markers are exported literally
|
|
#+END_LaTeX
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Sectioning structure, , Quoting LaTeX code, LaTeX export
|
|
@subsection Sectioning structure
|
|
@cindex LaTeX class
|
|
@cindex LaTeX sectioning structure
|
|
|
|
By default, the La@TeX{} output uses the class @code{article}.
|
|
|
|
You can change this globally by setting a different value for
|
|
@code{org-export-latex-default-class} or locally by adding an option
|
|
like @code{#+LaTeX_CLASS: myclass} in your file. The class should be
|
|
listed in @code{org-export-latex-classes}, where you can also define the
|
|
sectioning structure for each class.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node XOXO export, iCalendar export, LaTeX export, Exporting
|
|
@section XOXO export
|
|
@cindex XOXO export
|
|
|
|
Org mode contains an exporter that produces XOXO-style output.
|
|
Currently, this exporter only handles the general outline structure and
|
|
does not interpret any additional Org mode features.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e x
|
|
@item C-c C-e x
|
|
Export as XOXO file @file{myfile.html}.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e v
|
|
@item C-c C-e v x
|
|
Export only the visible part of the document.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node iCalendar export, Text interpretation, XOXO export, Exporting
|
|
@section iCalendar export
|
|
@cindex iCalendar export
|
|
|
|
Some people like to use Org mode for keeping track of projects, but
|
|
still prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and
|
|
appointments. In this case it can be useful to have deadlines and
|
|
other time-stamped items in Org files show up in the calendar
|
|
application. Org mode can export calendar information in the standard
|
|
iCalendar format. If you also want to have TODO entries included in the
|
|
export, configure the variable @code{org-icalendar-include-todo}.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e i
|
|
@item C-c C-e i
|
|
Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in the same
|
|
directory, using a file extension @file{.ics}.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e I
|
|
@item C-c C-e I
|
|
Like @kbd{C-c C-e i}, but do this for all files in
|
|
@code{org-agenda-files}. For each of these files, a separate iCalendar
|
|
file will be written.
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e c
|
|
@item C-c C-e c
|
|
Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
|
|
@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to the file given by
|
|
@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The export will honor SUMMARY, DESCRIPTION and LOCATION properties if
|
|
the selected entries have them. If not, the summary will be derived
|
|
from the headline, and the description from the body (limited to
|
|
@code{org-icalendar-include-body} characters).
|
|
|
|
How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the application
|
|
you are using. The FAQ covers this issue.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Text interpretation, , iCalendar export, Exporting
|
|
@section Text interpretation by the exporter
|
|
|
|
The exporter backends interpret additional structure in the Org file
|
|
in order to produce better output.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
|
|
* Initial text:: Text before the first headline
|
|
* Footnotes:: Numbers like [1]
|
|
* Quoted examples:: Inserting quoted chunks of text
|
|
* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
|
|
* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Comment lines, Initial text, Text interpretation, Text interpretation
|
|
@subsection Comment lines
|
|
@cindex comment lines
|
|
@cindex exporting, not
|
|
|
|
Lines starting with @samp{#} in column zero are treated as comments
|
|
and will never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the
|
|
word @samp{COMMENT} will never be exported.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c ;
|
|
@item C-c ;
|
|
Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Initial text, Footnotes, Comment lines, Text interpretation
|
|
@subsection Text before the first headline
|
|
|
|
Org mode normally ignores any text before the first headline when
|
|
exporting, leaving this region for internal links to speed up navigation
|
|
etc. However, in publishing-oriented files, you might want to have some
|
|
text before the first headline, like a small introduction, special HTML
|
|
code with a navigation bar, etc. You can ask to have this part of the
|
|
file exported as well by setting the variable
|
|
@code{org-export-skip-text-before-1st-heading} to @code{nil}. On a
|
|
per-file basis, you can get the same effect with
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+OPTIONS: skip:nil
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The text before the first headline will be fully processed
|
|
(@pxref{Enhancing text}), and the first non-comment line becomes the
|
|
title of the exported document. If you need to include literal HTML,
|
|
use the special constructs described in @ref{Quoting HTML tags}. The
|
|
table of contents is normally inserted directly before the first
|
|
headline of the file. If you would like to get it to a different
|
|
location, insert the string @code{[TABLE-OF-CONTENTS]} on a line by
|
|
itself at the desired location.
|
|
|
|
Finally, if you want to use the space before the first headline for
|
|
internal purposes, but @emph{still} want to place something before the
|
|
first headline when exporting the file, you can use the @code{#+TEXT}
|
|
construct:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+OPTIONS: skip:t
|
|
#+TEXT: This text will go before the *first* headline.
|
|
#+TEXT: We place the table of contents here:
|
|
#+TEXT: [TABLE-OF-CONTENTS]
|
|
#+TEXT: This goes between the table of contents and the first headline
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Footnotes, Quoted examples, Initial text, Text interpretation
|
|
@subsection Footnotes
|
|
@cindex footnotes
|
|
@cindex @file{footnote.el}
|
|
|
|
Numbers in square brackets are treated as footnotes, so that you can use
|
|
the Emacs package @file{footnote.el} to create footnotes. For example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
The Org homepage[1] clearly needs help from
|
|
a good web designer.
|
|
|
|
[1] The link is: http://orgmode.org
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@kindex C-c !
|
|
Note that the @file{footnote} package uses @kbd{C-c !} to invoke its
|
|
commands. This binding conflicts with the Org mode command for
|
|
inserting inactive time stamps. You could use the variable
|
|
@code{footnote-prefix} to switch footnotes commands to another key. Or,
|
|
if you are too used to this binding, you could use
|
|
@code{org-replace-disputed-keys} and @code{org-disputed-keys} to change
|
|
the settings in Org.
|
|
|
|
@node Quoted examples, Enhancing text, Footnotes, Text interpretation
|
|
@subsection Quoted examples
|
|
@cindex quoted examples
|
|
@cindex examples, quoted
|
|
@cindex text, fixed width
|
|
@cindex fixed width text
|
|
|
|
When writing technical documents, you often need to insert examples that
|
|
are not further interpreted by Org mode. For historical reasons, there
|
|
are several ways to do this:
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
If a headline starts with the word @samp{QUOTE}, the text below the
|
|
headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of computer
|
|
codes etc.
|
|
@item
|
|
Lines starting with @samp{:} are also typeset in fixed-width font.
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c :
|
|
@item C-c :
|
|
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@item
|
|
Finally, text between
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
|
|
quoted text
|
|
#+END_EXAMPLE
|
|
@end example
|
|
will also be exported in this way.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Enhancing text, Export options, Quoted examples, Text interpretation
|
|
@subsection Enhancing text for export
|
|
@cindex enhancing text
|
|
@cindex richer text
|
|
|
|
Some of the export backends of Org mode allow for sophisticated text
|
|
formatting, this is true in particular for the HTML and La@TeX{}
|
|
backends. Org mode has a number of typing conventions that allow to
|
|
produce a richly formatted output.
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
@cindex hand-formatted lists
|
|
@cindex lists, hand-formatted
|
|
@item
|
|
Plain lists @samp{-}, @samp{*} or @samp{+} as bullet, or with @samp{1.}
|
|
or @samp{2)} as enumerator will be recognized and transformed if the
|
|
backend supports lists. See @xref{Plain lists}.
|
|
|
|
@cindex underlined text
|
|
@cindex bold text
|
|
@cindex italic text
|
|
@cindex verbatim text
|
|
@item
|
|
You can make words @b{*bold*}, @i{/italic/}, _underlined_, @code{=code=}
|
|
and @code{~verbatim~}, and, if you must, @samp{+strikethrough+}. Text
|
|
in the code and verbatim string is not processed for Org mode specific
|
|
syntax, it is exported verbatim.
|
|
|
|
@cindex horizontal rules, in exported files
|
|
@item
|
|
A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, will be
|
|
exported as a horizontal line (@samp{<hr/>} in HTML).
|
|
|
|
@cindex LaTeX fragments, export
|
|
@cindex TeX macros, export
|
|
@item
|
|
Many @TeX{} macros and entire La@TeX{} fragments are converted into HTML
|
|
entities or images (@pxref{Embedded LaTeX}).
|
|
|
|
@cindex tables, export
|
|
@item
|
|
Tables are transformed into native tables under the exporter, if the
|
|
export backend supports this. Data fields before the first horizontal
|
|
separator line will be formatted as table header fields.
|
|
|
|
@cindex fixed width
|
|
@item
|
|
If a headline starts with the word @samp{QUOTE}, the text below the
|
|
headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of computer
|
|
codes etc. Lines starting with @samp{:} are also typeset in fixed-width
|
|
font.
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c :
|
|
@item C-c :
|
|
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
|
|
@end table
|
|
Finally, text between
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
|
|
quoted text
|
|
#+END_EXAMPLE
|
|
@end example
|
|
will also be exported in this way.
|
|
|
|
@cindex linebreak, forced
|
|
@item
|
|
A double backslash @emph{at the end of a line} enforces a line break at
|
|
this position.
|
|
|
|
@cindex HTML entities, LaTeX entities
|
|
@item
|
|
Strings like @code{\alpha} will be exported as @code{α}, in the
|
|
HTML output. These strings are exported as @code{$\alpha$} in the
|
|
La@TeX{} output. Similarly, @code{\nbsp} will become @code{ } in
|
|
HTML and in La@TeX{}. This applies for a long list of entities, see
|
|
the variable @code{org-html-entities} for the complete list.
|
|
@c FIXME
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
|
|
they can all be turned off with corresponding variables. See the
|
|
customization group @code{org-export-general}, and the following section
|
|
which explains how to set export options with special lines in a
|
|
buffer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Export options, , Enhancing text, Text interpretation
|
|
@subsection Export options
|
|
@cindex options, for export
|
|
|
|
@cindex completion, of option keywords
|
|
The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide
|
|
additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file.
|
|
The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with @kbd{C-c
|
|
C-e t}. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
|
|
correct is to type @samp{#+} and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion
|
|
(@pxref{Completion}).
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-e t
|
|
@item C-c C-e t
|
|
Insert template with export options, see example below.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+TITLE: the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
|
|
#+AUTHOR: the author (default taken from @code{user-full-name})
|
|
#+DATE: A date, fixed, of a format string for @code{format-time-string}
|
|
#+EMAIL: his/her email address (default from @code{user-mail-address})
|
|
#+LANGUAGE: language for HTML, e.g. @samp{en} (@code{org-export-default-language})
|
|
#+TEXT: Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
|
|
#+TEXT: Several lines may be given.
|
|
#+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @@:t ::t |:t ^:t f:t TeX:t ...
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The OPTIONS line is a compact form to specify export settings. Here
|
|
you can:
|
|
@cindex headline levels
|
|
@cindex section-numbers
|
|
@cindex table of contents
|
|
@cindex linebreak preservation
|
|
@cindex quoted HTML tags
|
|
@cindex fixed-width sections
|
|
@cindex tables
|
|
@cindex @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts
|
|
@cindex footnotes
|
|
@cindex special strings
|
|
@cindex emphasized text
|
|
@cindex @TeX{} macros
|
|
@cindex La@TeX{} fragments
|
|
@cindex author info, in export
|
|
@cindex time info, in export
|
|
@example
|
|
H: @r{set the number of headline levels for export}
|
|
num: @r{turn on/off section-numbers}
|
|
toc: @r{turn on/off table of contents, or set level limit (integer)}
|
|
\n: @r{turn on/off linebreak-preservation}
|
|
@@: @r{turn on/off quoted HTML tags}
|
|
:: @r{turn on/off fixed-width sections}
|
|
|: @r{turn on/off tables}
|
|
^: @r{turn on/off @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts. If}
|
|
@r{you write "^:@{@}", @code{a_@{b@}} will be interpreted, but}
|
|
@r{the simple @code{a_b} will be left as it is.}
|
|
-: @r{turn on/off conversion of special strings.}
|
|
f: @r{turn on/off foototes like this[1].}
|
|
*: @r{turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)}
|
|
TeX: @r{turn on/off simple @TeX{} macros in plain text}
|
|
LaTeX: @r{turn on/off La@TeX{} fragments}
|
|
skip: @r{turn on/off skipping the text before the first heading}
|
|
author: @r{turn on/off inclusion of author name/email into exported file}
|
|
timestamp: @r{turn on/off inclusion creation time into exported file}
|
|
d: @r{turn on/off inclusion of drawers}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
These options take effect in both the HTML and La@TeX{} export, except
|
|
for @code{TeX} and @code{LaTeX}, which are respectively @code{t} and
|
|
@code{nil} for the La@TeX{} export.
|
|
|
|
@node Publishing, Miscellaneous, Exporting, Top
|
|
@chapter Publishing
|
|
@cindex publishing
|
|
|
|
Org includes@footnote{@file{org-publish.el} is not distributed with
|
|
Emacs 21, if you are still using Emacs 21, you need you need to download
|
|
this file separately.} a publishing management system that allows you to
|
|
configure automatic HTML conversion of @emph{projects} composed of
|
|
interlinked org files. This system is called @emph{org-publish}. You can
|
|
also configure org-publish to automatically upload your exported HTML
|
|
pages and related attachments, such as images and source code files, to
|
|
a web server. Org-publish turns Org into a web-site authoring tool.
|
|
|
|
You can also use Org-publish to convert files into La@TeX{}, or even
|
|
combine HTML and La@TeX{} conversion so that files are available in both
|
|
formats on the server@footnote{Since La@TeX{} files on a server are not
|
|
that helpful, you surely want to perform further conversion on them --
|
|
e.g. convert them to @code{PDF} format.}.
|
|
|
|
Org-publish has been contributed to Org by David O'Toole.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Configuration:: Defining projects
|
|
* Sample configuration:: Example projects
|
|
* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Configuration, Sample configuration, Publishing, Publishing
|
|
@section Configuration
|
|
|
|
Publishing needs significant configuration to specify files, destination
|
|
and many other properties of a project.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
|
|
* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
|
|
* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
|
|
* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
|
|
* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML export
|
|
* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
|
|
* Project page index:: Publishing a list of project files
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Project alist, Sources and destinations, Configuration, Configuration
|
|
@subsection The variable @code{org-publish-project-alist}
|
|
@cindex org-publish-project-alist
|
|
@cindex projects, for publishing
|
|
|
|
Org-publish is configured almost entirely through setting the value of
|
|
one variable, called @code{org-publish-project-alist}.
|
|
Each element of the list configures one project, and may be in one of
|
|
the two following forms:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
("project-name" :property value :property value ...)
|
|
|
|
@r{or}
|
|
|
|
("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...))
|
|
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values.
|
|
A project defines the set of files that will be published, as well as
|
|
the publishing configuration to use when publishing those files. When
|
|
a project takes the second form listed above, the individual members
|
|
of the ``components'' property are taken to be components of the
|
|
project, which group together files requiring different publishing
|
|
options. When you publish such a ``meta-project'' all the components
|
|
will also publish.
|
|
|
|
@node Sources and destinations, Selecting files, Project alist, Configuration
|
|
@subsection Sources and destinations for files
|
|
@cindex directories, for publishing
|
|
|
|
Most properties are optional, but some should always be set. In
|
|
particular, org-publish needs to know where to look for source files,
|
|
and where to put published files.
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
|
|
@item @code{:base-directory}
|
|
@tab Directory containing publishing source files
|
|
@item @code{:publishing-directory}
|
|
@tab Directory (possibly remote) where output files will be published.
|
|
@item @code{:preparation-function}
|
|
@tab Function called before starting publishing process, for example to
|
|
run @code{make} for updating files to be published.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
@node Selecting files, Publishing action, Sources and destinations, Configuration
|
|
@subsection Selecting files
|
|
@cindex files, selecting for publishing
|
|
|
|
By default, all files with extension @file{.org} in the base directory
|
|
are considered part of the project. This can be modified by setting the
|
|
properties
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
|
|
@item @code{:base-extension}
|
|
@tab Extension (without the dot!) of source files. This actually is a
|
|
regular expression.
|
|
|
|
@item @code{:exclude}
|
|
@tab Regular expression to match file names that should not be
|
|
published, even though they have been selected on the basis of their
|
|
extension.
|
|
|
|
@item @code{:include}
|
|
@tab List of files to be included regardless of @code{:base-extension}
|
|
and @code{:exclude}.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
@node Publishing action, Publishing options, Selecting files, Configuration
|
|
@subsection Publishing action
|
|
@cindex action, for publishing
|
|
|
|
Publishing means that a file is copied to the destination directory and
|
|
possibly transformed in the process. The default transformation is to
|
|
export Org files as HTML files, and this is done by the function
|
|
@code{org-publish-org-to-html} which calls the HTML exporter
|
|
(@pxref{HTML export}). But you also can publish your files in La@TeX{} by
|
|
using the function @code{org-publish-org-to-latex} instead. Other files
|
|
like images only need to be copied to the publishing destination. For
|
|
non-Org files, you need to specify the publishing function.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
|
|
@item @code{:publishing-function}
|
|
@tab Function executing the publication of a file. This may also be a
|
|
list of functions, which will all be called in turn.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
The function must accept two arguments: a property list containing at
|
|
least a @code{:publishing-directory} property, and the name of the file
|
|
to be published. It should take the specified file, make the necessary
|
|
transformation (if any) and place the result into the destination folder.
|
|
You can write your own publishing function, but @code{org-publish}
|
|
provides one for attachments (files that only need to be copied):
|
|
@code{org-publish-attachment}.
|
|
|
|
@node Publishing options, Publishing links, Publishing action, Configuration
|
|
@subsection Options for the HTML/LaTeX exporters
|
|
@cindex options, for publishing
|
|
|
|
The property list can be used to set many export options for the HTML
|
|
and La@TeX{} exporters. In most cases, these properties correspond to user
|
|
variables in Org. The table below lists these properties along
|
|
with the variable they belong to. See the documentation string for the
|
|
respective variable for details.
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
|
|
@item @code{:language} @tab @code{org-export-default-language}
|
|
@item @code{:headline-levels} @tab @code{org-export-headline-levels}
|
|
@item @code{:section-numbers} @tab @code{org-export-with-section-numbers}
|
|
@item @code{:table-of-contents} @tab @code{org-export-with-toc}
|
|
@item @code{:archived-trees} @tab @code{org-export-with-archived-trees}
|
|
@item @code{:emphasize} @tab @code{org-export-with-emphasize}
|
|
@item @code{:sub-superscript} @tab @code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}
|
|
@item @code{:special-strings} @tab @code{org-export-with-special-strings}
|
|
@item @code{:TeX-macros} @tab @code{org-export-with-TeX-macros}
|
|
@item @code{:LaTeX-fragments} @tab @code{org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments}
|
|
@item @code{:fixed-width} @tab @code{org-export-with-fixed-width}
|
|
@item @code{:timestamps} .@tab @code{org-export-with-timestamps}
|
|
@item @code{:tags} .@tab @code{org-export-with-tags}
|
|
@item @code{:tables} @tab @code{org-export-with-tables}
|
|
@item @code{:table-auto-headline} @tab @code{org-export-highlight-first-table-line}
|
|
@item @code{:style} @tab @code{org-export-html-style}
|
|
@item @code{:convert-org-links} @tab @code{org-export-html-link-org-files-as-html}
|
|
@item @code{:inline-images} @tab @code{org-export-html-inline-images}
|
|
@item @code{:expand-quoted-html} @tab @code{org-export-html-expand}
|
|
@item @code{:timestamp} @tab @code{org-export-html-with-timestamp}
|
|
@item @code{:publishing-directory} @tab @code{org-export-publishing-directory}
|
|
@item @code{:preamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-preamble}
|
|
@item @code{:postamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-postamble}
|
|
@item @code{:auto-preamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-auto-preamble}
|
|
@item @code{:auto-postamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-auto-postamble}
|
|
@item @code{:author} @tab @code{user-full-name}
|
|
@item @code{:email} @tab @code{user-mail-address}
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
If you use several email addresses, separate them by a semi-column.
|
|
|
|
Most of the @code{org-export-with-*} variables have the same effect in
|
|
both HTML and La@TeX{} exporters, except for @code{:TeX-macros} and
|
|
@code{:LaTeX-fragments}, respectively @code{nil} and @code{t} in the
|
|
La@TeX{} export.
|
|
|
|
When a property is given a value in @code{org-publish-project-alist},
|
|
its setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable (if
|
|
any) during publishing. Options set within a file (@pxref{Export
|
|
options}), however, override everything.
|
|
|
|
@node Publishing links, Project page index, Publishing options, Configuration
|
|
@subsection Links between published files
|
|
@cindex links, publishing
|
|
|
|
To create a link from one Org file to another, you would use
|
|
something like @samp{[[file:foo.org][The foo]]} or simply
|
|
@samp{file:foo.org.} (@pxref{Hyperlinks}). Upon publishing this link
|
|
becomes a link to @file{foo.html}. In this way, you can interlink the
|
|
pages of your "org web" project and the links will work as expected when
|
|
you publish them to HTML.
|
|
|
|
You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are
|
|
careful with relative pathnames, and provided you have also configured
|
|
@code{org-publish} to upload the related files, these links will work
|
|
too. @ref{Complex example} for an example of this usage.
|
|
|
|
Sometime an Org file to be published may contain links that are
|
|
only valid in your production environment, but not in the publishing
|
|
location. In this case, use the property
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.4 0.6
|
|
@item @code{:link-validation-function}
|
|
@tab Function to validate links
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
to define a function for checking link validity. This function must
|
|
accept two arguments, the file name and a directory relative to which
|
|
the file name is interpreted in the production environment. If this
|
|
function returns @code{nil}, then the HTML generator will only insert a
|
|
description into the HTML file, but no link. One option for this
|
|
function is @code{org-publish-validate-link} which checks if the given
|
|
file is part of any project in @code{org-publish-project-alist}.
|
|
|
|
@node Project page index, , Publishing links, Configuration
|
|
@subsection Project page index
|
|
@cindex index, of published pages
|
|
|
|
The following properties may be used to control publishing of an
|
|
index of files or summary page for a given project.
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
|
|
@item @code{:auto-index}
|
|
@tab When non-nil, publish an index during org-publish-current-project or
|
|
org-publish-all.
|
|
|
|
@item @code{:index-filename}
|
|
@tab Filename for output of index. Defaults to @file{index.org} (which
|
|
becomes @file{index.html}).
|
|
|
|
@item @code{:index-title}
|
|
@tab Title of index page. Defaults to name of file.
|
|
|
|
@item @code{:index-function}
|
|
@tab Plug-in function to use for generation of index.
|
|
Defaults to @code{org-publish-org-index}, which generates a plain list
|
|
of links to all files in the project.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
@node Sample configuration, Triggering publication, Configuration, Publishing
|
|
@section Sample configuration
|
|
|
|
Below we provide two example configurations. The first one is a simple
|
|
project publishing only a set of Org files. The second example is
|
|
more complex, with a multi-component project.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Simple example:: One-component publishing
|
|
* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Simple example, Complex example, Sample configuration, Sample configuration
|
|
@subsection Example: simple publishing configuration
|
|
|
|
This example publishes a set of Org files to the @file{public_html}
|
|
directory on the local machine.
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-publish-project-alist
|
|
'(("org"
|
|
:base-directory "~/org/"
|
|
:publishing-directory "~/public_html"
|
|
:section-numbers nil
|
|
:table-of-contents nil
|
|
:style "<link rel=stylesheet
|
|
href=\"../other/mystyle.css\"
|
|
type=\"text/css\">")))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@node Complex example, , Simple example, Sample configuration
|
|
@subsection Example: complex publishing configuration
|
|
|
|
This more complicated example publishes an entire website, including
|
|
org files converted to HTML, image files, emacs lisp source code, and
|
|
style sheets. The publishing-directory is remote and private files are
|
|
excluded.
|
|
|
|
To ensure that links are preserved, care should be taken to replicate
|
|
your directory structure on the web server, and to use relative file
|
|
paths. For example, if your org files are kept in @file{~/org} and your
|
|
publishable images in @file{~/images}, you'd link to an image with
|
|
@c
|
|
@example
|
|
file:../images/myimage.png
|
|
@end example
|
|
@c
|
|
On the web server, the relative path to the image should be the
|
|
same. You can accomplish this by setting up an "images" folder in the
|
|
right place on the web server, and publishing images to it.
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-publish-project-alist
|
|
'(("orgfiles"
|
|
:base-directory "~/org/"
|
|
:base-extension "org"
|
|
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/notebook/"
|
|
:publishing-function org-publish-org-to-html
|
|
:exclude "PrivatePage.org" ;; regexp
|
|
:headline-levels 3
|
|
:section-numbers nil
|
|
:table-of-contents nil
|
|
:style "<link rel=stylesheet
|
|
href=\"../other/mystyle.css\" type=\"text/css\">"
|
|
:auto-preamble t
|
|
:auto-postamble nil)
|
|
|
|
("images"
|
|
:base-directory "~/images/"
|
|
:base-extension "jpg\\|gif\\|png"
|
|
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/images/"
|
|
:publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
|
|
|
|
("other"
|
|
:base-directory "~/other/"
|
|
:base-extension "css\\|el"
|
|
:publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/other/"
|
|
:publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
|
|
("website" :components ("orgfiles" "images" "other"))))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@node Triggering publication, , Sample configuration, Publishing
|
|
@section Triggering publication
|
|
|
|
Once org-publish is properly configured, you can publish with the
|
|
following functions:
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item C-c C-e C
|
|
Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to it.
|
|
@item C-c C-e P
|
|
Publish the project containing the current file.
|
|
@item C-c C-e F
|
|
Publish only the current file.
|
|
@item C-c C-e A
|
|
Publish all projects.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above
|
|
functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this and
|
|
force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument.
|
|
|
|
@node Miscellaneous, Extensions and Hacking, Publishing, Top
|
|
@chapter Miscellaneous
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
|
|
* Customization:: Adapting Org to your taste
|
|
* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
|
|
* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
|
|
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
|
|
* TTY keys:: Using Org on a tty
|
|
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
|
|
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Completion, Customization, Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section Completion
|
|
@cindex completion, of @TeX{} symbols
|
|
@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
|
|
@cindex completion, of dictionary words
|
|
@cindex completion, of option keywords
|
|
@cindex completion, of tags
|
|
@cindex completion, of property keys
|
|
@cindex completion, of link abbreviations
|
|
@cindex @TeX{} symbol completion
|
|
@cindex TODO keywords completion
|
|
@cindex dictionary word completion
|
|
@cindex option keyword completion
|
|
@cindex tag completion
|
|
@cindex link abbreviations, completion of
|
|
|
|
Org supports in-buffer completion. This type of completion does
|
|
not make use of the minibuffer. You simply type a few letters into
|
|
the buffer and use the key to complete text right there.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
|
|
@item M-@key{TAB}
|
|
Complete word at point
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
At the beginning of a headline, complete TODO keywords.
|
|
@item
|
|
After @samp{\}, complete @TeX{} symbols supported by the exporter.
|
|
@item
|
|
After @samp{*}, complete headlines in the current buffer so that they
|
|
can be used in search links like @samp{[[*find this headline]]}.
|
|
@item
|
|
After @samp{:} in a headline, complete tags. The list of tags is taken
|
|
from the variable @code{org-tag-alist} (possibly set through the
|
|
@samp{#+TAGS} in-buffer option, @pxref{Setting tags}), or it is created
|
|
dynamically from all tags used in the current buffer.
|
|
@item
|
|
After @samp{:} and not in a headline, complete property keys. The list
|
|
of keys is constructed dynamically from all keys used in the current
|
|
buffer.
|
|
@item
|
|
After @samp{[}, complete link abbreviations (@pxref{Link abbreviations}).
|
|
@item
|
|
After @samp{#+}, complete the special keywords like @samp{TYP_TODO} or
|
|
@samp{OPTIONS} which set file-specific options for Org mode. When the
|
|
option keyword is already complete, pressing @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} again
|
|
will insert example settings for this keyword.
|
|
@item
|
|
In the line after @samp{#+STARTUP: }, complete startup keywords,
|
|
i.e. valid keys for this line.
|
|
@item
|
|
Elsewhere, complete dictionary words using Ispell.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Customization, In-buffer settings, Completion, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section Customization
|
|
@cindex customization
|
|
@cindex options, for customization
|
|
@cindex variables, for customization
|
|
|
|
There are more than 180 variables that can be used to customize
|
|
Org. For the sake of compactness of the manual, I am not
|
|
describing the variables here. A structured overview of customization
|
|
variables is available with @kbd{M-x org-customize}. Or select
|
|
@code{Browse Org Group} from the @code{Org->Customization} menu. Many
|
|
settings can also be activated on a per-file basis, by putting special
|
|
lines into the buffer (@pxref{In-buffer settings}).
|
|
|
|
@node In-buffer settings, The very busy C-c C-c key, Customization, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section Summary of in-buffer settings
|
|
@cindex in-buffer settings
|
|
@cindex special keywords
|
|
|
|
Org mode uses special lines in the buffer to define settings on a
|
|
per-file basis. These lines start with a @samp{#+} followed by a
|
|
keyword, a colon, and then individual words defining a setting. Several
|
|
setting words can be in the same line, but you can also have multiple
|
|
lines for the keyword. While these settings are described throughout
|
|
the manual, here is a summary. After changing any of those lines in the
|
|
buffer, press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the line to
|
|
activate the changes immediately. Otherwise they become effective only
|
|
when the file is visited again in a new Emacs session.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@item #+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
|
|
This line sets the archive location for the agenda file. It applies for
|
|
all subsequent lines until the next @samp{#+ARCHIVE} line, or the end
|
|
of the file. The first such line also applies to any entries before it.
|
|
The corresponding variable is @code{org-archive-location}.
|
|
@item #+CATEGORY:
|
|
This line sets the category for the agenda file. The category applies
|
|
for all subsequent lines until the next @samp{#+CATEGORY} line, or the
|
|
end of the file. The first such line also applies to any entries before it.
|
|
@item #+COLUMNS: %25ITEM .....
|
|
Set the default format for columns view. This format applies when
|
|
columns view is invoked in location where no @code{COLUMNS} property
|
|
applies.
|
|
@item #+CONSTANTS: name1=value1 ...
|
|
Set file-local values for constants to be used in table formulas. This
|
|
line set the local variable @code{org-table-formula-constants-local}.
|
|
The global version of this variable is
|
|
@code{org-table-formula-constants}.
|
|
@item #+DRAWERS: NAME1 .....
|
|
Set the file-local set of drawers. The corresponding global variable is
|
|
@code{org-drawers}.
|
|
@item #+LINK: linkword replace
|
|
These lines (several are allowed) specify link abbreviations.
|
|
@xref{Link abbreviations}. The corresponding variable is
|
|
@code{org-link-abbrev-alist}.
|
|
@item #+PRIORITIES: highest lowest default
|
|
This line sets the limits and the default for the priorities. All three
|
|
must be either letters A-Z or numbers 0-9. The highest priority must
|
|
have a lower ASCII number that the lowest priority.
|
|
@item #+PROPERTY: Property_Name Value
|
|
This line sets a default inheritance value for entries in the current
|
|
buffer, most useful for specifying the allowed values of a property.
|
|
@item #+STARTUP:
|
|
This line sets options to be used at startup of Org mode, when an
|
|
Org file is being visited. The first set of options deals with the
|
|
initial visibility of the outline tree. The corresponding variable for
|
|
global default settings is @code{org-startup-folded}, with a default
|
|
value @code{t}, which means @code{overview}.
|
|
@cindex @code{overview}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{content}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{showall}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@example
|
|
overview @r{top-level headlines only}
|
|
content @r{all headlines}
|
|
showall @r{no folding at all, show everything}
|
|
@end example
|
|
Then there are options for aligning tables upon visiting a file. This
|
|
is useful in files containing narrowed table columns. The corresponding
|
|
variable is @code{org-startup-align-all-tables}, with a default value
|
|
@code{nil}.
|
|
@cindex @code{align}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{noalign}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@example
|
|
align @r{align all tables}
|
|
noalign @r{don't align tables on startup}
|
|
@end example
|
|
Logging closing and reinstating TODO items, and clock intervals
|
|
(variables @code{org-log-done}, @code{org-log-note-clock-out}, and
|
|
@code{org-log-repeat}) can be configured using these options.
|
|
@cindex @code{logdone}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{lognotedone}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{nologdone}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{lognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{nolognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{logrepeat}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{lognoterepeat}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{nologrepeat}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@example
|
|
logdone @r{record a timestamp when an item is marked DONE}
|
|
lognotedone @r{record timestamp and a note when DONE}
|
|
nologdone @r{don't record when items are marked DONE}
|
|
logrepeat @r{record a time when reinstating a repeating item}
|
|
lognoterepeat @r{record a note when reinstating a repeating item}
|
|
nologrepeat @r{do not record when reinstating repeating item}
|
|
lognoteclock-out @r{record a note when clocking out}
|
|
nolognoteclock-out @r{don't record a note when clocking out}
|
|
@end example
|
|
Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline headings. The
|
|
corresponding variables are @code{org-hide-leading-stars} and
|
|
@code{org-odd-levels-only}, both with a default setting @code{nil}
|
|
(meaning @code{showstars} and @code{oddeven}).
|
|
@cindex @code{hidestars}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{showstars}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{odd}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{even}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@example
|
|
hidestars @r{make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible.}
|
|
showstars @r{show all stars starting a headline}
|
|
odd @r{allow only odd outline levels (1,3,...)}
|
|
oddeven @r{allow all outline levels}
|
|
@end example
|
|
To turn on custom format overlays over time stamps (variables
|
|
@code{org-put-time-stamp-overlays} and
|
|
@code{org-time-stamp-overlay-formats}), use
|
|
@cindex @code{customtime}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@example
|
|
customtime @r{overlay custom time format}
|
|
@end example
|
|
The following options influence the table spreadsheet (variable
|
|
@code{constants-unit-system}).
|
|
@cindex @code{constcgs}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@cindex @code{constSI}, STARTUP keyword
|
|
@example
|
|
constcgs @r{@file{constants.el} should use the c-g-s unit system}
|
|
constSI @r{@file{constants.el} should use the SI unit system}
|
|
@end example
|
|
@item #+TAGS: TAG1(c1) TAG2(c2)
|
|
These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the valid tags in
|
|
this file, and (potentially) the corresponding @emph{fast tag selection}
|
|
keys. The corresponding variable is @code{org-tag-alist}.
|
|
@item #+TBLFM:
|
|
This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the line.
|
|
@item #+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+TEXT:, #+OPTIONS, #+DATE:
|
|
These lines provide settings for exporting files. For more details see
|
|
@ref{Export options}.
|
|
@item #+SEQ_TODO: #+TYP_TODO:
|
|
These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the
|
|
current file. The corresponding variables are @code{org-todo-keywords}
|
|
and @code{org-todo-interpretation}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node The very busy C-c C-c key, Clean view, In-buffer settings, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section The very busy C-c C-c key
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@cindex C-c C-c, overview
|
|
|
|
The key @kbd{C-c C-c} has many purposes in Org, which are all
|
|
mentioned scattered throughout this manual. One specific function of
|
|
this key is to add @emph{tags} to a headline (@pxref{Tags}). In many
|
|
other circumstances it means something like @emph{Hey Org, look
|
|
here and update according to what you see here}. Here is a summary of
|
|
what this means in different contexts.
|
|
|
|
@itemize @minus
|
|
@item
|
|
If there are highlights in the buffer from the creation of a sparse
|
|
tree, or from clock display, remove these highlights.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is in one of the special @code{#+KEYWORD} lines, this
|
|
triggers scanning the buffer for these lines and updating the
|
|
information.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is inside a table, realign the table. This command
|
|
works even if the automatic table editor has been turned off.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is on a @code{#+TBLFM} line, re-apply the formulas to
|
|
the entire table.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is inside a table created by the @file{table.el} package,
|
|
activate that table.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the current buffer is a remember buffer, close the note and file it.
|
|
With a prefix argument, file it, without further interaction, to the
|
|
default location.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is on a @code{<<<target>>>}, update radio targets and
|
|
corresponding links in this buffer.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is in a property line or at the start or end of a property
|
|
drawer, offer property commands.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the status
|
|
of the checkbox.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
|
|
ordered list.
|
|
@item
|
|
If the cursor is on the @code{#+BEGIN} line of a dynamical block, the
|
|
block is updated.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@node Clean view, TTY keys, The very busy C-c C-c key, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section A cleaner outline view
|
|
@cindex hiding leading stars
|
|
@cindex clean outline view
|
|
|
|
Some people find it noisy and distracting that the Org headlines
|
|
are starting with a potentially large number of stars. For example
|
|
the tree from @ref{Headlines}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Top level headline
|
|
** Second level
|
|
*** 3rd level
|
|
some text
|
|
*** 3rd level
|
|
more text
|
|
* Another top level headline
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Unfortunately this is deeply ingrained into the code of Org and
|
|
cannot be easily changed. You can, however, modify the display in such
|
|
a way that all leading stars become invisible and the outline more easy
|
|
to read. To do this, customize the variable
|
|
@code{org-hide-leading-stars} like this:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-hide-leading-stars t)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
or change this on a per-file basis with one of the lines (anywhere in
|
|
the buffer)
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+STARTUP: showstars
|
|
#+STARTUP: hidestars
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in a @samp{STARTUP} line to activate
|
|
the modifications.
|
|
|
|
With stars hidden, the tree becomes:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Top level headline
|
|
* Second level
|
|
* 3rd level
|
|
some text
|
|
* 3rd level
|
|
more text
|
|
* Another top level headline
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Note that the leading stars are not truly replaced by whitespace, they
|
|
are only fontified with the face @code{org-hide} that uses the
|
|
background color as font color. If you are not using either white or
|
|
black background, you may have to customize this face to get the wanted
|
|
effect. Another possibility is to set this font such that the extra
|
|
stars are @i{almost} invisible, for example using the color
|
|
@code{grey90} on a white background.
|
|
|
|
Things become cleaner still if you skip all the even levels and use only
|
|
odd levels 1, 3, 5..., effectively adding two stars to go from one
|
|
outline level to the next:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
* Top level headline
|
|
* Second level
|
|
* 3rd level
|
|
some text
|
|
* 3rd level
|
|
more text
|
|
* Another top level headline
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
In order to make the structure editing and export commands handle this
|
|
convention correctly, use
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq org-odd-levels-only t)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
or set this on a per-file basis with one of the following lines (don't
|
|
forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in the startup line to
|
|
activate changes immediately).
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+STARTUP: odd
|
|
#+STARTUP: oddeven
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
You can convert an Org file from single-star-per-level to the
|
|
double-star-per-level convention with @kbd{M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels
|
|
RET} in that file. The reverse operation is @kbd{M-x
|
|
org-convert-to-oddeven-levels}.
|
|
|
|
@node TTY keys, Interaction, Clean view, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section Using Org on a tty
|
|
@cindex tty key bindings
|
|
|
|
Because Org contains a large number of commands, by default much of
|
|
Org's core commands are bound to keys that are generally not
|
|
accessible on a tty, such as the cursor keys (@key{left}, @key{right},
|
|
@key{up}, @key{down}), @key{TAB} and @key{RET}, in particular when used
|
|
together with modifiers like @key{Meta} and/or @key{Shift}. To access
|
|
these commands on a tty when special keys are unavailable, the following
|
|
alternative bindings can be used. The tty bindings below will likely be
|
|
more cumbersome; you may find for some of the bindings below that a
|
|
customized work-around suits you better. For example, changing a time
|
|
stamp is really only fun with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys, whereas on a
|
|
tty you would rather use @kbd{C-c .} to re-insert the timestamp.
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.15 0.2 0.2
|
|
@item @b{Default} @tab @b{Alternative 1} @tab @b{Alternative 2}
|
|
@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} @tab @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{M-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x l} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{left}}
|
|
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x L} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{M-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x r} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{right}}
|
|
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x R} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{M-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x u} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{up}}
|
|
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x U} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{M-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x d} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{down}}
|
|
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x D} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{S-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x c} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x m} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{RET}}
|
|
@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x M} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{left}} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{right}} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{S-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{up}} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{S-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c @key{down}} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{C-S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{left}} @tab
|
|
@item @kbd{C-S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{right}} @tab
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
@node Interaction, Bugs, TTY keys, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section Interaction with other packages
|
|
@cindex packages, interaction with other
|
|
Org lives in the world of GNU Emacs and interacts in various ways
|
|
with other code out there.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Cooperation:: Packages Org cooperates with
|
|
* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Cooperation, Conflicts, Interaction, Interaction
|
|
@subsection Packages that Org cooperates with
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@cindex @file{calc.el}
|
|
@item @file{calc.el} by Dave Gillespie
|
|
Org uses the Calc package for implementing spreadsheet
|
|
functionality in its tables (@pxref{The spreadsheet}). Org
|
|
checks for the availability of Calc by looking for the function
|
|
@code{calc-eval} which should be autoloaded in your setup if Calc has
|
|
been installed properly. As of Emacs 22, Calc is part of the Emacs
|
|
distribution. Another possibility for interaction between the two
|
|
packages is using Calc for embedded calculations. @xref{Embedded Mode,
|
|
, Embedded Mode, Calc, GNU Emacs Calc Manual}.
|
|
@cindex @file{constants.el}
|
|
@item @file{constants.el} by Carsten Dominik
|
|
In a table formula (@pxref{The spreadsheet}), it is possible to use
|
|
names for natural constants or units. Instead of defining your own
|
|
constants in the variable @code{org-table-formula-constants}, install
|
|
the @file{constants} package which defines a large number of constants
|
|
and units, and lets you use unit prefixes like @samp{M} for
|
|
@samp{Mega} etc. You will need version 2.0 of this package, available
|
|
at @url{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools}. Org checks for
|
|
the function @code{constants-get}, which has to be autoloaded in your
|
|
setup. See the installation instructions in the file
|
|
@file{constants.el}.
|
|
@item @file{cdlatex.el} by Carsten Dominik
|
|
@cindex @file{cdlatex.el}
|
|
Org mode can make use of the CDLaTeX package to efficiently enter
|
|
La@TeX{} fragments into Org files. See @ref{CDLaTeX mode}.
|
|
@item @file{imenu.el} by Ake Stenhoff and Lars Lindberg
|
|
@cindex @file{imenu.el}
|
|
Imenu allows menu access to an index of items in a file. Org mode
|
|
supports Imenu - all you need to do to get the index is the following:
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
|
|
(lambda () 'imenu-add-to-menubar "Imenu"))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
By default the index is two levels deep - you can modify the depth using
|
|
the option @code{org-imenu-depth}.
|
|
@item @file{remember.el} by John Wiegley
|
|
@cindex @file{remember.el}
|
|
Org cooperates with remember, see @ref{Remember}.
|
|
@file{Remember.el} is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
|
|
@item @file{speedbar.el} by Eric M. Ludlam
|
|
@cindex @file{speedbar.el}
|
|
Speedbar is a package that creates a special frame displaying files and
|
|
index items in files. Org mode supports Speedbar and allows you to
|
|
drill into Org files directly from the Speedbar. It also allows to
|
|
restrict the scope of agenda commands to a file or a subtree by using
|
|
the command @kbd{<} in the Speedbar frame.
|
|
@cindex @file{table.el}
|
|
@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@cindex table editor, @file{table.el}
|
|
@cindex @file{table.el}
|
|
|
|
Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and
|
|
row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table
|
|
package by Takaaki Ota (@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/table},
|
|
and also part of Emacs 22).
|
|
When @key{TAB} or @kbd{C-c C-c} is pressed in such a table, Org mode
|
|
will call @command{table-recognize-table} and move the cursor into the
|
|
table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org mode is inactive. In order
|
|
to execute Org mode-related commands, leave the table.
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-c
|
|
@item C-c C-c
|
|
Recognize @file{table.el} table. Works when the cursor is in a
|
|
table.el table.
|
|
@c
|
|
@kindex C-c ~
|
|
@item C-c ~
|
|
Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at point, this
|
|
command converts it between the table.el format and the Org mode
|
|
format. See the documentation string of the command
|
|
@code{org-convert-table} for the restrictions under which this is
|
|
possible.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@file{table.el} is part of Emacs 22.
|
|
@cindex @file{footnote.el}
|
|
@item @file{footnote.el} by Steven L. Baur
|
|
Org mode recognizes numerical footnotes as provided by this package
|
|
(@pxref{Footnotes}).
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Conflicts, , Cooperation, Interaction
|
|
@subsection Packages that lead to conflicts with Org mode
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@cindex @file{allout.el}
|
|
@item @file{allout.el} by Ken Manheimer
|
|
Startup of Org may fail with the error message
|
|
@code{(wrong-type-argument keymapp nil)} when there is an outdated
|
|
version @file{allout.el} on the load path, for example the version
|
|
distributed with Emacs 21.x. Upgrade to Emacs 22 and this problem will
|
|
disappear. If for some reason you cannot do this, make sure that org.el
|
|
is loaded @emph{before} @file{allout.el}, for example by putting
|
|
@code{(require 'org)} early enough into your @file{.emacs} file.
|
|
|
|
@cindex @file{CUA.el}
|
|
@item @file{CUA.el} by Kim. F. Storm
|
|
Key bindings in Org conflict with the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys used by
|
|
CUA mode (as well as pc-select-mode and s-region-mode) to select and
|
|
extend the region. If you want to use one of these packages along with
|
|
Org, configure the variable @code{org-replace-disputed-keys}. When
|
|
set, Org will move the following key bindings in Org files, and
|
|
in the agenda buffer (but not during date selection).
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
S-UP -> M-p S-DOWN -> M-n
|
|
S-LEFT -> M-- S-RIGHT -> M-+
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you want
|
|
to have other replacement keys, look at the variable
|
|
@code{org-disputed-keys}.
|
|
@item @file{windmove.el} by Hovav Shacham
|
|
@cindex @file{windmove.el}
|
|
Also this package uses the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys, so everything written
|
|
in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here.
|
|
|
|
@cindex @file{footnote.el}
|
|
@item @file{footnote.el} by Steven L. Baur
|
|
Org supports the syntax of the footnote package, but only the
|
|
numerical footnote markers. Also, the default key for footnote
|
|
commands, @kbd{C-c !} is already used by Org. You could use the
|
|
variable @code{footnote-prefix} to switch footnotes commands to another
|
|
key. Or, you could use @code{org-replace-disputed-keys} and
|
|
@code{org-disputed-keys} to change the settings in Org.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Bugs, , Interaction, Miscellaneous
|
|
@section Bugs
|
|
@cindex bugs
|
|
|
|
Here is a list of things that should work differently, but which I
|
|
have found too hard to fix.
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
If a table field starts with a link, and if the corresponding table
|
|
column is narrowed (@pxref{Narrow columns}) to a width too small to
|
|
display the link, the field would look entirely empty even though it is
|
|
not. To prevent this, Org throws an error. The work-around is to
|
|
make the column wide enough to fit the link, or to add some text (at
|
|
least 2 characters) before the link in the same field.
|
|
@item
|
|
Narrowing table columns does not work on XEmacs, because the
|
|
@code{format} function does not transport text properties.
|
|
@item
|
|
Text in an entry protected with the @samp{QUOTE} keyword should not
|
|
autowrap.
|
|
@item
|
|
When the application called by @kbd{C-c C-o} to open a file link fails
|
|
(for example because the application does not exist or refuses to open
|
|
the file), it does so silently. No error message is displayed.
|
|
@item
|
|
Recalculating a table line applies the formulas from left to right.
|
|
If a formula uses @emph{calculated} fields further down the row,
|
|
multiple recalculation may be needed to get all fields consistent. You
|
|
may use the command @code{org-table-iterate} (@kbd{C-u C-c *}) to
|
|
recalculate until convergence.
|
|
@item
|
|
A single letter cannot be made bold, for example @samp{*a*}.
|
|
@item
|
|
The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Extensions and Hacking, History and Acknowledgments, Miscellaneous, Top
|
|
@appendix Extensions, Hooks and Hacking
|
|
|
|
This appendix lists extensions for Org written by other authors.
|
|
It also covers some aspects where users can extend the functionality of
|
|
Org.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Extensions:: Existing 3rd-party extensions
|
|
* Adding hyperlink types:: New custom link types
|
|
* Tables in arbitrary syntax:: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs
|
|
* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
|
|
* Special agenda views:: Customized views
|
|
* Using the property API:: Writing programs that use entry properties
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Extensions, Adding hyperlink types, Extensions and Hacking, Extensions and Hacking
|
|
@section Third-party extensions for Org
|
|
@cindex extension, third-party
|
|
|
|
The following extensions for Org have been written by other people:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@cindex @file{org-publish.el}
|
|
@item @file{org-publish.el} by David O'Toole
|
|
This package provides facilities for publishing related sets of Org
|
|
files together with linked files like images as web pages. It is
|
|
highly configurable and can be used for other publishing purposes as
|
|
well. As of Org version 4.30, @file{org-publish.el} is part of the
|
|
Org distribution. It is not yet part of Emacs, however, a delay
|
|
caused by the preparations for the 22.1 release. In the mean time,
|
|
@file{org-publish.el} can be downloaded from David's site:
|
|
@url{http://dto.freeshell.org/e/org-publish.el}.
|
|
@cindex @file{org-mouse.el}
|
|
@item @file{org-mouse.el} by Piotr Zielinski
|
|
This package implements extended mouse functionality for Org. It
|
|
allows you to cycle visibility and to edit the document structure with
|
|
the mouse. Best of all, it provides a context-sensitive menu on
|
|
@key{mouse-3} that changes depending on the context of a mouse-click.
|
|
As of Org version 4.53, @file{org-mouse.el} is part of the
|
|
Org distribution. It is not yet part of Emacs, however, a delay
|
|
caused by the preparations for the 22.1 release. In the mean time,
|
|
@file{org-mouse.el} can be downloaded from Piotr's site:
|
|
@url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pz215/files/org-mouse.el}.
|
|
@cindex @file{org-blog.el}
|
|
@item @file{org-blog.el} by David O'Toole
|
|
A blogging plug-in for @file{org-publish.el}.@*
|
|
@url{http://dto.freeshell.org/notebook/OrgMode.html}.
|
|
@cindex @file{blorg.el}
|
|
@item @file{blorg.el} by Bastien Guerry
|
|
Publish Org files as
|
|
blogs. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/blorg.html}.
|
|
@cindex @file{org2rem.el}
|
|
@item @file{org2rem.el} by Bastien Guerry
|
|
Translates Org files into something readable by
|
|
Remind. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org2rem.el}.
|
|
@item @file{org-toc.el} by Bastien Guerry
|
|
Produces a simple table of contents of an Org file, for easy
|
|
navigation. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org-registry.el}.
|
|
@item @file{org-registry.el} by Bastien Guerry
|
|
Find which Org-file link to a certain document.
|
|
@url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org2rem.el}.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@page
|
|
|
|
@node Adding hyperlink types, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions, Extensions and Hacking
|
|
@section Adding hyperlink types
|
|
@cindex hyperlinks, adding new types
|
|
|
|
Org has a large number of hyperlink types built-in
|
|
(@pxref{Hyperlinks}). If you would like to add new link types, it
|
|
provides an interface for doing so. Lets look at an example file
|
|
@file{org-man.el} that will add support for creating links like
|
|
@samp{[[man:printf][The printf manpage]]} to show Unix manual pages inside
|
|
emacs:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
;;; org-man.el - Support for links to manpages in Org
|
|
|
|
(require 'org)
|
|
|
|
(org-add-link-type "man" 'org-man-open)
|
|
(add-hook 'org-store-link-functions 'org-man-store-link)
|
|
|
|
(defcustom org-man-command 'man
|
|
"The Emacs command to be used to display a man page."
|
|
:group 'org-link
|
|
:type '(choice (const man) (const woman)))
|
|
|
|
(defun org-man-open (path)
|
|
"Visit the manpage on PATH.
|
|
PATH should be a topic that can be thrown at the man command."
|
|
(funcall org-man-command path))
|
|
|
|
(defun org-man-store-link ()
|
|
"Store a link to a manpage."
|
|
(when (memq major-mode '(Man-mode woman-mode))
|
|
;; This is a man page, we do make this link
|
|
(let* ((page (org-man-get-page-name))
|
|
(link (concat "man:" page))
|
|
(description (format "Manpage for %s" page)))
|
|
(org-store-link-props
|
|
:type "man"
|
|
:link link
|
|
:description description))))
|
|
|
|
(defun org-man-get-page-name ()
|
|
"Extract the page name from the buffer name."
|
|
;; This works for both `Man-mode' and `woman-mode'.
|
|
(if (string-match " \\(\\S-+\\)\\*" (buffer-name))
|
|
(match-string 1 (buffer-name))
|
|
(error "Cannot create link to this man page")))
|
|
|
|
(provide 'org-man)
|
|
|
|
;;; org-man.el ends here
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
You would activate this new link type in @file{.emacs} with
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(require 'org-man)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Lets go through the file and see what it does.
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
@item
|
|
It does @code{(require 'org)} to make sure that @file{org.el} has been
|
|
loaded.
|
|
@item
|
|
The next line calls @code{org-add-link-type} to define a new link type
|
|
with prefix @samp{man}. The call also contains the name of a function
|
|
that will be called to follow such a link.
|
|
@item
|
|
The next line adds a function to @code{org-store-link-functions}, in
|
|
order to allow the command @kbd{C-c l} to record a useful link in a
|
|
buffer displaying a man page.
|
|
@end enumerate
|
|
|
|
The rest of the file defines the necessary variables and functions.
|
|
First there is a customization variable that determines which emacs
|
|
command should be used to display man pages. There are two options,
|
|
@code{man} and @code{woman}. Then the function to follow a link is
|
|
defined. It gets the link path as an argument - in this case the link
|
|
path is just a topic for the manual command. The function calls the
|
|
value of @code{org-man-command} to display the man page.
|
|
|
|
Finally the function @code{org-man-store-link} is defined. When you try
|
|
to store a link with @kbd{C-c l}, also this function will be called to
|
|
try to make a link. The function must first decide if it is supposed to
|
|
create the link for this buffer type, we do this by checking the value
|
|
of the variable @code{major-mode}. If not, the function must exit and
|
|
return the value @code{nil}. If yes, the link is created by getting the
|
|
manual topic from the buffer name and prefixing it with the string
|
|
@samp{man:}. Then it must call the command @code{org-store-link-props}
|
|
and set the @code{:type} and @code{:link} properties. Optionally you
|
|
can also set the @code{:description} property to provide a default for
|
|
the link description when the link is later inserted into an Org
|
|
buffer with @kbd{C-c C-l}.
|
|
|
|
@node Tables in arbitrary syntax, Dynamic blocks, Adding hyperlink types, Extensions and Hacking
|
|
@section Tables and lists in arbitrary syntax
|
|
@cindex tables, in other modes
|
|
@cindex lists, in other modes
|
|
@cindex Orgtbl mode
|
|
|
|
Since Orgtbl mode can be used as a minor mode in arbitrary buffers, a
|
|
frequent feature request has been to make it work with native tables in
|
|
specific languages, for example La@TeX{}. However, this is extremely
|
|
hard to do in a general way, would lead to a customization nightmare,
|
|
and would take away much of the simplicity of the Orgtbl mode table
|
|
editor.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This appendix describes a different approach. We keep the Orgtbl mode
|
|
table in its native format (the @i{source table}), and use a custom
|
|
function to @i{translate} the table to the correct syntax, and to
|
|
@i{install} it in the right location (the @i{target table}). This puts
|
|
the burden of writing conversion functions on the user, but it allows
|
|
for a very flexible system.
|
|
|
|
Bastien added the ability to do the same with lists. You can use Org's
|
|
facilities to edit and structure lists by turning @code{orgstruct-mode}
|
|
on, then locally exporting such lists in another format (HTML, La@TeX{}
|
|
or Texinfo.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving
|
|
* A LaTeX example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial
|
|
* Translator functions:: Copy and modify
|
|
* Radio lists:: Doing the same for lists
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
@node Radio tables, A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Tables in arbitrary syntax
|
|
@subsection Radio tables
|
|
@cindex radio tables
|
|
|
|
To define the location of the target table, you first need to create two
|
|
lines that are comments in the current mode, but contain magic words for
|
|
Orgtbl mode to find. Orgtbl mode will insert the translated table
|
|
between these lines, replacing whatever was there before. For example:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
/* BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */
|
|
/* END RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Just above the source table, we put a special line that tells
|
|
Orgtbl mode how to translate this table and where to install it. For
|
|
example:
|
|
@example
|
|
#+ORGTBL: SEND table_name translation_function arguments....
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
@code{table_name} is the reference name for the table that is also used
|
|
in the receiver lines. @code{translation_function} is the Lisp function
|
|
that does the translation. Furthermore, the line can contain a list of
|
|
arguments (alternating key and value) at the end. The arguments will be
|
|
passed as a property list to the translation function for
|
|
interpretation. A few standard parameters are already recognized and
|
|
acted upon before the translation function is called:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item :skip N
|
|
Skip the first N lines of the table. Hlines do count!
|
|
@item :skipcols (n1 n2 ...)
|
|
List of columns that should be skipped. If the table has a column with
|
|
calculation marks, that column is automatically discarded as well.
|
|
Please note that the translator function sees the table @emph{after} the
|
|
removal of these columns, the function never knows that there have been
|
|
additional columns.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The one problem remaining is how to keep the source table in the buffer
|
|
without disturbing the normal workings of the file, for example during
|
|
compilation of a C file or processing of a La@TeX{} file. There are a
|
|
number of different solutions:
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
The table could be placed in a block comment if that is supported by the
|
|
language. For example, in C mode you could wrap the table between
|
|
@samp{/*} and @samp{*/} lines.
|
|
@item
|
|
Sometimes it is possible to put the table after some kind of @i{END}
|
|
statement, for example @samp{\bye} in TeX and @samp{\end@{document@}}
|
|
in La@TeX{}.
|
|
@item
|
|
You can just comment the table line by line whenever you want to process
|
|
the file, and uncomment it whenever you need to edit the table. This
|
|
only sounds tedious - the command @kbd{M-x orgtbl-toggle-comment} does
|
|
make this comment-toggling very easy, in particular if you bind it to a
|
|
key.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@node A LaTeX example, Translator functions, Radio tables, Tables in arbitrary syntax
|
|
@subsection A LaTeX example of radio tables
|
|
@cindex LaTeX, and Orgtbl mode
|
|
|
|
The best way to wrap the source table in La@TeX{} is to use the
|
|
@code{comment} environment provided by @file{comment.sty}. It has to be
|
|
activated by placing @code{\usepackage@{comment@}} into the document
|
|
header. Orgtbl mode can insert a radio table skeleton@footnote{By
|
|
default this works only for La@TeX{}, HTML, and Texinfo. Configure the
|
|
variable @code{orgtbl-radio-tables} to install templates for other
|
|
modes.} with the command @kbd{M-x orgtbl-insert-radio-table}. You will
|
|
be prompted for a table name, lets say we use @samp{salesfigures}. You
|
|
will then get the following template:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
|
% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
|
\begin@{comment@}
|
|
#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex
|
|
| | |
|
|
\end@{comment@}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The @code{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line tells Orgtbl mode to use the function
|
|
@code{orgtbl-to-latex} to convert the table into La@TeX{} and to put it
|
|
into the receiver location with name @code{salesfigures}. You may now
|
|
fill in the table, feel free to use the spreadsheet features@footnote{If
|
|
the @samp{#+TBLFM} line contains an odd number of dollar characters,
|
|
this may cause problems with font-lock in LaTeX mode. As shown in the
|
|
example you can fix this by adding an extra line inside the
|
|
@code{comment} environment that is used to balance the dollar
|
|
expressions. If you are using AUCTeX with the font-latex library, a
|
|
much better solution is to add the @code{comment} environment to the
|
|
variable @code{LaTeX-verbatim-environments}.}:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
|
% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
|
\begin@{comment@}
|
|
#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex
|
|
| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day |
|
|
|-------+------+---------+---------|
|
|
| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 |
|
|
| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 |
|
|
| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 |
|
|
#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f
|
|
% $ (optional extra dollar to keep font-lock happy, see footnote)
|
|
\end@{comment@}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
When you are done, press @kbd{C-c C-c} in the table to get the converted
|
|
table inserted between the two marker lines.
|
|
|
|
Now lets assume you want to make the table header by hand, because you
|
|
want to control how columns are aligned etc. In this case we make sure
|
|
that the table translator does skip the first 2 lines of the source
|
|
table, and tell the command to work as a @i{splice}, i.e. to not produce
|
|
header and footer commands of the target table:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
\begin@{tabular@}@{lrrr@}
|
|
Month & \multicolumn@{1@}@{c@}@{Days@} & Nr.\ sold & per day\\
|
|
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
|
% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
|
|
\end@{tabular@}
|
|
%
|
|
\begin@{comment@}
|
|
#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex :splice t :skip 2
|
|
| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day |
|
|
|-------+------+---------+---------|
|
|
| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 |
|
|
| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 |
|
|
| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 |
|
|
#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f
|
|
\end@{comment@}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
The La@TeX{} translator function @code{orgtbl-to-latex} is already part of
|
|
Orgtbl mode. It uses a @code{tabular} environment to typeset the table
|
|
and marks horizontal lines with @code{\hline}. Furthermore, it
|
|
interprets the following parameters:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item :splice nil/t
|
|
When set to t, return only table body lines, don't wrap them into a
|
|
tabular environment. Default is nil.
|
|
|
|
@item :fmt fmt
|
|
A format to be used to wrap each field, should contain @code{%s} for the
|
|
original field value. For example, to wrap each field value in dollars,
|
|
you could use @code{:fmt "$%s$"}. This may also be a property list with
|
|
column numbers and formats. for example @code{:fmt (2 "$%s$" 4 "%s\\%%")}.
|
|
|
|
@item :efmt efmt
|
|
Use this format to print numbers with exponentials. The format should
|
|
have @code{%s} twice for inserting mantissa and exponent, for example
|
|
@code{"%s\\times10^@{%s@}"}. The default is @code{"%s\\,(%s)"}. This
|
|
may also be a property list with column numbers and formats, for example
|
|
@code{:efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^@{%s@}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^@{%s@}$")}. After
|
|
@code{efmt} has been applied to a value, @code{fmt} will also be
|
|
applied.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Translator functions, Radio lists, A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax
|
|
@subsection Translator functions
|
|
@cindex HTML, and Orgtbl mode
|
|
@cindex translator function
|
|
|
|
Orgtbl mode has several translator functions built-in:
|
|
@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-html}, and
|
|
@code{orgtbl-to-texinfo}. Except for @code{orgtbl-to-html}@footnote{The
|
|
HTML translator uses the same code that produces tables during HTML
|
|
export.}, these all use a generic translator, @code{orgtbl-to-generic}.
|
|
For example, @code{orgtbl-to-latex} itself is a very short function that
|
|
computes the column definitions for the @code{tabular} environment,
|
|
defines a few field and line separators and then hands over to the
|
|
generic translator. Here is the entire code:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
@group
|
|
(defun orgtbl-to-latex (table params)
|
|
"Convert the Orgtbl mode TABLE to LaTeX."
|
|
(let* ((alignment (mapconcat (lambda (x) (if x "r" "l"))
|
|
org-table-last-alignment ""))
|
|
(params2
|
|
(list
|
|
:tstart (concat "\\begin@{tabular@}@{" alignment "@}")
|
|
:tend "\\end@{tabular@}"
|
|
:lstart "" :lend " \\\\" :sep " & "
|
|
:efmt "%s\\,(%s)" :hline "\\hline")))
|
|
(orgtbl-to-generic table (org-combine-plists params2 params))))
|
|
@end group
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
As you can see, the properties passed into the function (variable
|
|
@var{PARAMS}) are combined with the ones newly defined in the function
|
|
(variable @var{PARAMS2}). The ones passed into the function (i.e. the
|
|
ones set by the @samp{ORGTBL SEND} line) take precedence. So if you
|
|
would like to use the La@TeX{} translator, but wanted the line endings to
|
|
be @samp{\\[2mm]} instead of the default @samp{\\}, you could just
|
|
overrule the default with
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-latex :lend " \\\\[2mm]"
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
For a new language, you can either write your own converter function in
|
|
analogy with the La@TeX{} translator, or you can use the generic function
|
|
directly. For example, if you have a language where a table is started
|
|
with @samp{!BTBL!}, ended with @samp{!ETBL!}, and where table lines are
|
|
started with @samp{!BL!}, ended with @samp{!EL!} and where the field
|
|
separator is a TAB, you could call the generic translator like this (on
|
|
a single line!):
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-generic :tstart "!BTBL!" :tend "!ETBL!"
|
|
:lstart "!BL! " :lend " !EL!" :sep "\t"
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Please check the documentation string of the function
|
|
@code{orgtbl-to-generic} for a full list of parameters understood by
|
|
that function and remember that you can pass each of them into
|
|
@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-texinfo}, and any other function
|
|
using the generic function.
|
|
|
|
Of course you can also write a completely new function doing complicated
|
|
things the generic translator cannot do. A translator function takes
|
|
two arguments. The first argument is the table, a list of lines, each
|
|
line either the symbol @code{hline} or a list of fields. The second
|
|
argument is the property list containing all parameters specified in the
|
|
@samp{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line. The function must return a single string
|
|
containing the formatted table. If you write a generally useful
|
|
translator, please post it on @code{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org} so that
|
|
others can benefit from your work.
|
|
|
|
@node Radio lists, , Translator functions, Tables in arbitrary syntax
|
|
@subsection Radio lists
|
|
@cindex radio lists
|
|
@cindex org-list-insert-radio-list
|
|
|
|
Sending and receiving radio lists works exactly the same way than
|
|
sending and receiving radio tables (@pxref{Radio tables}) @footnote{You
|
|
need to load the @code{org-export-latex.el} package to use radio lists
|
|
since the relevant code is there for now.}. As for radio tables, you
|
|
can insert radio lists templates in HTML, La@TeX{} and Texinfo modes by
|
|
calling @code{org-list-insert-radio-list}.
|
|
|
|
Here are the differences with radio tables:
|
|
|
|
@itemize @minus
|
|
@item
|
|
Use @code{ORGLST} instead of @code{ORGTBL}.
|
|
@item
|
|
The available translation functions for radio lists don't take
|
|
parameters.
|
|
@item
|
|
`C-c C-c' will work when pressed on the first item of the list.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
Here is a La@TeX{} example. Let's say that you have this in your
|
|
La@TeX{} file:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy
|
|
% END RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy
|
|
\begin@{comment@}
|
|
#+ORGLIST: SEND to-buy orgtbl-to-latex
|
|
- a new house
|
|
- a new computer
|
|
+ a new keyboard
|
|
+ a new mouse
|
|
- a new life
|
|
\end@{comment@}
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Pressing `C-c C-c' on @code{a new house} and will insert the converted
|
|
La@TeX{} list between the two marker lines.
|
|
|
|
@node Dynamic blocks, Special agenda views, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions and Hacking
|
|
@section Dynamic blocks
|
|
@cindex dynamic blocks
|
|
|
|
Org documents can contain @emph{dynamic blocks}. These are
|
|
specially marked regions that are updated by some user-written function.
|
|
A good example for such a block is the clock table inserted by the
|
|
command @kbd{C-c C-x C-r} (@pxref{Clocking work time}).
|
|
|
|
Dynamic block are enclosed by a BEGIN-END structure that assigns a name
|
|
to the block and can also specify parameters for the function producing
|
|
the content of the block.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN: myblock :parameter1 value1 :parameter2 value2 ...
|
|
|
|
#+END:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Dynamic blocks are updated with the following commands
|
|
|
|
@table @kbd
|
|
@kindex C-c C-x C-u
|
|
@item C-c C-x C-u
|
|
Update dynamic block at point.
|
|
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
|
|
@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
|
|
Update all dynamic blocks in the current file.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Updating a dynamic block means to remove all the text between BEGIN and
|
|
END, parse the BEGIN line for parameters and then call the specific
|
|
writer function for this block to insert the new content. If you want
|
|
to use the original content in the writer function, you can use the
|
|
extra parameter @code{:content}.
|
|
|
|
For a block with name @code{myblock}, the writer function is
|
|
@code{org-dblock-write:myblock} with as only parameter a property list
|
|
with the parameters given in the begin line. Here is a trivial example
|
|
of a block that keeps track of when the block update function was last
|
|
run:
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
#+BEGIN: block-update-time :format "on %m/%d/%Y at %H:%M"
|
|
|
|
#+END:
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The corresponding block writer function could look like this:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(defun org-dblock-write:block-update-time (params)
|
|
(let ((fmt (or (plist-get params :format) "%d. %m. %Y")))
|
|
(insert "Last block update at: "
|
|
(format-time-string fmt (current-time)))))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
If you want to make sure that all dynamic blocks are always up-to-date,
|
|
you could add the function @code{org-update-all-dblocks} to a hook, for
|
|
example @code{before-save-hook}. @code{org-update-all-dblocks} is
|
|
written in a way that is does nothing in buffers that are not in Org.
|
|
|
|
@node Special agenda views, Using the property API, Dynamic blocks, Extensions and Hacking
|
|
@section Special agenda views
|
|
@cindex agenda views, user-defined
|
|
|
|
Org provides a special hook that can be used to narrow down the
|
|
selection made by any of the agenda views. You may specify a function
|
|
that is used at each match to verify if the match should indeed be part
|
|
of the agenda view, and if not, how much should be skipped.
|
|
|
|
Let's say you want to produce a list of projects that contain a WAITING
|
|
tag anywhere in the project tree. Let's further assume that you have
|
|
marked all tree headings that define a project with the TODO keyword
|
|
PROJECT. In this case you would run a TODO search for the keyword
|
|
PROJECT, but skip the match unless there is a WAITING tag anywhere in
|
|
the subtree belonging to the project line.
|
|
|
|
To achieve this, you must write a function that searches the subtree for
|
|
the tag. If the tag is found, the function must return @code{nil} to
|
|
indicate that this match should not be skipped. If there is no such
|
|
tag, return the location of the end of the subtree, to indicate that
|
|
search should continue from there.
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(defun my-skip-unless-waiting ()
|
|
"Skip trees that are not waiting"
|
|
(let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t))))
|
|
(if (re-search-forward ":waiting:" subtree-end t)
|
|
nil ; tag found, do not skip
|
|
subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
Now you may use this function in an agenda custom command, for example
|
|
like this:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(org-add-agenda-custom-command
|
|
'("b" todo "PROJECT"
|
|
((org-agenda-skip-function 'my-org-waiting-projects)
|
|
(org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
Note that this also binds @code{org-agenda-overriding-header} to get a
|
|
meaningful header in the agenda view.
|
|
|
|
You may also put a Lisp form into @code{org-agenda-skip-function}. In
|
|
particular, you may use the functions @code{org-agenda-skip-entry-if}
|
|
and @code{org-agenda-skip-subtree-if} in this form, for example:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled)
|
|
Skip current entry if it has been scheduled.
|
|
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notscheduled)
|
|
Skip current entry if it has not been scheduled.
|
|
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'deadline)
|
|
Skip current entry if it has a deadline.
|
|
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled 'deadline)
|
|
Skip current entry if it has a deadline, or if it is scheduled.
|
|
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry 'regexp "regular expression")
|
|
Skip current entry if the regular expression matches in the entry.
|
|
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry 'notregexp "regular expression")
|
|
Skip current entry unless the regular expression matches.
|
|
@item '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if 'regexp "regular expression")
|
|
Same as above, but check and skip the entire subtree.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
Therefore we could also have written the search for WAITING projects
|
|
like this, even without defining a special function:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(org-add-agenda-custom-command
|
|
'("b" todo "PROJECT"
|
|
((org-agenda-skip-function '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if
|
|
'regexp ":waiting:"))
|
|
(org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Using the property API, , Special agenda views, Extensions and Hacking
|
|
@section Using the property API
|
|
@cindex API, for properties
|
|
@cindex properties, API
|
|
|
|
Here is a description of the functions that can be used to work with
|
|
properties.
|
|
|
|
@defun org-entry-properties &optional pom which
|
|
Get all properties of the entry at point-or-marker POM.
|
|
This includes the TODO keyword, the tags, time strings for deadline,
|
|
scheduled, and clocking, and any additional properties defined in the
|
|
entry. The return value is an alist, keys may occur multiple times
|
|
if the property key was used several times.
|
|
POM may also be nil, in which case the current entry is used.
|
|
If WHICH is nil or `all', get all properties. If WHICH is
|
|
`special' or `standard', only get that subclass.
|
|
@end defun
|
|
@defun org-entry-get pom property &optional inherit
|
|
Get value of PROPERTY for entry at point-or-marker POM. By default,
|
|
this only looks at properties defined locally in the entry. If INHERIT
|
|
is non-nil and the entry does not have the property, then also check
|
|
higher levels of the hierarchy. If INHERIT is the symbol
|
|
@code{selective}, use inheritance if and only if the setting of
|
|
@code{org-use-property-inheritance} selects PROPERTY for inheritance.
|
|
@end defun
|
|
|
|
@defun org-entry-delete pom property
|
|
Delete the property PROPERTY from entry at point-or-marker POM.
|
|
@end defun
|
|
|
|
@defun org-entry-put pom property value
|
|
Set PROPERTY to VALUE for entry at point-or-marker POM.
|
|
@end defun
|
|
|
|
@defun org-buffer-property-keys &optional include-specials
|
|
Get all property keys in the current buffer.
|
|
@end defun
|
|
|
|
@defun org-insert-property-drawer
|
|
Insert a property drawer at point.
|
|
@end defun
|
|
|
|
@node History and Acknowledgments, Main Index, Extensions and Hacking, Top
|
|
@appendix History and Acknowledgments
|
|
@cindex acknowledgments
|
|
@cindex history
|
|
@cindex thanks
|
|
|
|
Org was borne in 2003, out of frustration over the user interface
|
|
of the Emacs Outline mode. I was trying to organize my notes and
|
|
projects, and using Emacs seemed to be the natural way to go. However,
|
|
having to remember eleven different commands with two or three keys per
|
|
command, only to hide and show parts of the outline tree, that seemed
|
|
entirely unacceptable to me. Also, when using outlines to take notes, I
|
|
constantly want to restructure the tree, organizing it parallel to my
|
|
thoughts and plans. @emph{Visibility cycling} and @emph{structure
|
|
editing} were originally implemented in the package
|
|
@file{outline-magic.el}, but quickly moved to the more general
|
|
@file{org.el}. As this environment became comfortable for project
|
|
planning, the next step was adding @emph{TODO entries}, basic @emph{time
|
|
stamps}, and @emph{table support}. These areas highlight the two main
|
|
goals that Org still has today: To create a new, outline-based,
|
|
plain text mode with innovative and intuitive editing features, and to
|
|
incorporate project planning functionality directly into a notes file.
|
|
|
|
Since the first release, literally thousands of emails to me or on
|
|
@code{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org} have provided a constant stream of bug
|
|
reports, feedback, new ideas, and sometimes patches and add-on code.
|
|
Many thanks to everyone who has helped to improve this package. I am
|
|
trying to keep here a list of the people who had significant influence
|
|
in shaping one or more aspects of Org. The list may not be
|
|
complete, if I have forgotten someone, please accept my apologies and
|
|
let me know.
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Russel Adams} came up with the idea for drawers.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Thomas Baumann} contributed the code for links to the MH-E email
|
|
system.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Alex Bochannek} provided a patch for rounding time stamps.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Charles Cave}'s suggestion sparked the implementation of templates
|
|
for Remember.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Pavel Chalmoviansky} influenced the agenda treatment of items with
|
|
specified time.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Gregory Chernov} patched support for lisp forms into table
|
|
calculations and improved XEmacs compatibility, in particular by porting
|
|
@file{nouline.el} to XEmacs.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Sacha Chua} suggested to copy some linking code from Planner.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Eddward DeVilla} proposed and tested checkbox statistics. He also
|
|
came up with the idea of properties, and that there should be an API for
|
|
them.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Kees Dullemond} used to edit projects lists directly in HTML and so
|
|
inspired some of the early development, including HTML export. He also
|
|
asked for a way to narrow wide table columns.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Christian Egli} converted the documentation into Texinfo format,
|
|
patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, and inspired the agenda.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{David Emery} provided a patch for custom CSS support in exported
|
|
HTML agendas.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Nic Ferrier} contributed mailcap and XOXO support.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Miguel A. Figueroa-Villanueva} implemented hierarchical checkboxes.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{John Foerch} figured out how to make incremental search show context
|
|
around a match in a hidden outline tree.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Niels Giesen} had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Bastien Guerry} wrote the La@TeX{} exporter and has been prolific
|
|
with patches, ideas, and bug reports.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Kai Grossjohann} pointed out key-binding conflicts with other packages.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Scott Jaderholm} proposed footnotes, control over whitespace between
|
|
folded entries, and column view for properties.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Shidai Liu} ("Leo") asked for embedded La@TeX{} and tested it. He also
|
|
provided frequent feedback and some patches.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Jason F. McBrayer} suggested agenda export to CSV format.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Max Mikhanosha} came up with the idea of refiling.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Dmitri Minaev} sent a patch to set priority limits on a per-file
|
|
basis.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Stefan Monnier} provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
|
|
happy.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Rick Moynihan} proposed to allow multiple TODO sequences in a file
|
|
and to be able to quickly restrict the agenda to a subtree.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Todd Neal} provided patches for links to Info files and elisp forms.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Tim O'Callaghan} suggested in-file links, search options for general
|
|
file links, and TAGS.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Takeshi Okano} translated the manual and David O'Toole's tutorial
|
|
into Japanese.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Oliver Oppitz} suggested multi-state TODO items.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Scott Otterson} sparked the introduction of descriptive text for
|
|
links, among other things.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Pete Phillips} helped during the development of the TAGS feature, and
|
|
provided frequent feedback.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{T.V. Raman} reported bugs and suggested improvements.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Matthias Rempe} (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality
|
|
control.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Kevin Rogers} contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Frank Ruell} solved the mystery of the @code{keymapp nil} bug, a
|
|
conflict with @file{allout.el}.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Jason Riedy} sent a patch to fix a bug with export of TODO keywords.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Philip Rooke} created the Org reference card and provided lots
|
|
of feedback.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Christian Schlauer} proposed angular brackets around links, among
|
|
other things.
|
|
@item
|
|
Linking to VM/BBDB/Gnus was inspired by @i{Tom Shannon}'s
|
|
@file{organizer-mode.el}.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Daniel Sinder} came up with the idea of internal archiving by locking
|
|
subtrees.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Dale Smith} proposed link abbreviations.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Adam Spiers} asked for global linking commands and inspired the link
|
|
extension system. support mairix.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{David O'Toole} wrote @file{org-publish.el} and drafted the manual
|
|
chapter about publishing.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{J@"urgen Vollmer} contributed code generating the table of contents
|
|
in HTML output.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Chris Wallace} provided a patch implementing the @samp{QUOTE}
|
|
keyword.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{David Wainberg} suggested archiving, and improvements to the linking
|
|
system.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{John Wiegley} wrote @file{emacs-wiki.el} and @file{planner.el}. The
|
|
development of Org was fully independent, and both systems are
|
|
really different beasts in their basic ideas and implementation details.
|
|
I later looked at John's code, however, and learned from his
|
|
implementation of (i) links where the link itself is hidden and only a
|
|
description is shown, and (ii) popping up a calendar to select a date.
|
|
John has also contributed a number of great ideas directly to Org.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Carsten Wimmer} suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in
|
|
linking to Gnus.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Roland Winkler} requested additional key bindings to make Org
|
|
work on a tty.
|
|
@item
|
|
@i{Piotr Zielinski} wrote @file{org-mouse.el}, proposed agenda blocks
|
|
and contributed various ideas and code snippets.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Main Index, Key Index, History and Acknowledgments, Top
|
|
@unnumbered The Main Index
|
|
|
|
@printindex cp
|
|
|
|
@node Key Index, , Main Index, Top
|
|
@unnumbered Key Index
|
|
|
|
@printindex ky
|
|
|
|
@bye
|
|
|
|
@ignore
|
|
arch-tag: 7893d1Fe-cc57-4d13-b5e5-f494a1CBC7ac
|
|
@end ignore
|
|
|
|
@c Local variables:
|
|
@c ispell-local-dictionary: "en_US-w_accents"
|
|
@c ispell-local-pdict: "./.aspell.org.pws"
|
|
@c fill-column: 77
|
|
@c End:
|