\begin{thebibliography}{10}
\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax
  \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi
\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi
\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}
\providecommand{\eprint}[2][]{\url{#2}}

\bibitem{Fesnak2016}
\bibinfo{author}{Fesnak, A.~D.}, \bibinfo{author}{June, C.~H.} \&
  \bibinfo{author}{Levine, B.~L.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Engineered t cells: the promise and challenges of
  cancer immunotherapy}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nature Reviews Cancer}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{16}}, \bibinfo{pages}{566--581}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2016}).

\bibitem{Rosenberg2015}
\bibinfo{author}{Rosenberg, S.~A.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Restifo, N.~P.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Adoptive cell transfer as personalized immunotherapy
  for human cancer}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Science}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{348}},
  \bibinfo{pages}{62--68} (\bibinfo{year}{2015}).

\bibitem{Roddie2019}
\bibinfo{author}{Roddie, C.}, \bibinfo{author}{O'Reilly, M.},
  \bibinfo{author}{Pinto, J. D.~A.}, \bibinfo{author}{Vispute, K.} \&
  \bibinfo{author}{Lowdell, M.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Manufacturing chimeric antigen receptor t cells:
  issues and challenges}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Cytotherapy}}  (\bibinfo{year}{2019}).

\bibitem{Dwarshuis2017}
\bibinfo{author}{Dwarshuis, N.~J.}, \bibinfo{author}{Parratt, K.},
  \bibinfo{author}{Santiago-Miranda, A.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Roy, K.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Cells as advanced therapeutics: State-of-the-art,
  challenges, and opportunities in large scale biomanufacturing of high-quality
  cells for adoptive immunotherapies}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{114}}, \bibinfo{pages}{222--239}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).

\bibitem{Wang2016}
\bibinfo{author}{Wang, X.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Rivi{\`{e}}re, I.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Clinical manufacturing of {CAR} t cells: foundation
  of a promising therapy}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{3}}, \bibinfo{pages}{16015} (\bibinfo{year}{2016}).

\bibitem{Piscopo2017}
\bibinfo{author}{Piscopo, N.~J.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Bioengineering solutions for manufacturing challenges
  in {CAR} t cells}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Biotechnology Journal}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{13}}, \bibinfo{pages}{1700095}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).

\bibitem{Bashour2015}
\bibinfo{author}{Bashour, K.~T.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Functional characterization of a t cell stimulation
  reagent for the production of therapeutic chimeric antigen receptor t cells}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Blood}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{126}},
  \bibinfo{pages}{1901--1901} (\bibinfo{year}{2015}).

\bibitem{Gendron2003}
\bibinfo{author}{Gendron, S.}, \bibinfo{author}{Couture, J.} \&
  \bibinfo{author}{Aoudjit, F.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Integrin $\alpha$2$\beta$1inhibits fas-mediated
  apoptosis in t lymphocytes by protein phosphatase 2a-dependent activation of
  the {MAPK}/{ERK} pathway}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Journal of Biological Chemistry}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{278}}, \bibinfo{pages}{48633--48643}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2003}).

\bibitem{Ohtani2008}
\bibinfo{author}{Ohtani, O.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Ohtani, Y.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Structure and function of rat lymph nodes}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Archives of Histology and Cytology}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{71}}, \bibinfo{pages}{69--76}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2008}).

\bibitem{Boisvert2007}
\bibinfo{author}{Boisvert, M.}, \bibinfo{author}{Gendron, S.},
  \bibinfo{author}{Chetoui, N.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Aoudjit, F.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Alpha2beta1 integrin signaling augments t cell
  receptor-dependent production of interferon-gamma in human t cells}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Molecular Immunology}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{44}}, \bibinfo{pages}{3732--3740}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2007}).

\bibitem{Ben-Horin2004}
\bibinfo{author}{Ben-Horin, S.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Bank, I.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{The role of very late antigen-1 in immune-mediated
  inflammation}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Clinical Immunology}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{113}}, \bibinfo{pages}{119--129}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2004}).

\bibitem{Forget2014}
\bibinfo{author}{Forget, M.-A.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Activation and propagation of tumor-infiltrating
  lymphocytes on clinical-grade designer artificial antigen-presenting cells
  for adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Journal of Immunotherapy}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{37}}, \bibinfo{pages}{448--460}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2014}).

\bibitem{Cheung2018}
\bibinfo{author}{Cheung, A.~S.}, \bibinfo{author}{Zhang, D. K.~Y.},
  \bibinfo{author}{Koshy, S.~T.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Mooney, D.~J.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Scaffolds that mimic antigen-presenting cells enable
  ex vivo expansion of primary {T} cells}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nature Biotechnology}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{36}}, \bibinfo{pages}{160--169}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2018}).

\bibitem{Rio2018}
\bibinfo{author}{del R{\'{\i}}o, E.~P.}, \bibinfo{author}{Miguel, M.~M.},
  \bibinfo{author}{Veciana, J.}, \bibinfo{author}{Ratera, I.} \&
  \bibinfo{author}{Guasch, J.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Artificial 3d culture systems for t cell expansion}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{{ACS} Omega}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{3}},
  \bibinfo{pages}{5273--5280} (\bibinfo{year}{2018}).

\bibitem{Delalat2017}
\bibinfo{author}{Delalat, B.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{3D printed lattices as an activation and expansion
  platform for T cell therapy}}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Biomaterials}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{140}}, \bibinfo{pages}{58--68}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).

\bibitem{meyer15_immun}
\bibinfo{author}{Meyer, R.~A.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Immunoengineering: Biodegradable nanoellipsoidal
  artificial antigen presenting cells for antigen specific t-cell activation
  (small 13/2015)}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Small}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{11}},
  \bibinfo{pages}{1612--1612} (\bibinfo{year}{2015}).

\bibitem{Lambert2017}
\bibinfo{author}{Lambert, L.~H.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Improving T Cell Expansion with a Soft Touch.}}
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nano letters}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{17}},
  \bibinfo{pages}{821--826} (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).

\bibitem{Xu2014}
\bibinfo{author}{Xu, Y.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Closely related t-memory stem cells correlate with in
  vivo expansion of car.cd19-t cells and are preserved by il-7 and il-15.}
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Blood}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{123}},
  \bibinfo{pages}{3750--3759} (\bibinfo{year}{2014}).

\bibitem{Fraietta2018}
\bibinfo{author}{Fraietta, J.~A.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Determinants of response and resistance to {CD}19
  chimeric antigen receptor ({CAR}) t cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic
  leukemia}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nature Medicine}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{24}}, \bibinfo{pages}{563--571}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2018}).

\bibitem{Gattinoni2011}
\bibinfo{author}{Gattinoni, L.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{A human memory t cell subset with stem
  cell{\textendash}like properties}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nature Medicine}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{17}}, \bibinfo{pages}{1290--1297}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2011}).

\bibitem{Gattinoni2012}
\bibinfo{author}{Gattinoni, L.}, \bibinfo{author}{Klebanoff, C.~A.} \&
  \bibinfo{author}{Restifo, N.~P.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Paths to stemness: building the ultimate antitumour
  T cell.}}
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nature reviews. Cancer}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{12}}, \bibinfo{pages}{671--84}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2012}).

\bibitem{Wang2018}
\bibinfo{author}{Wang, D.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Glioblastoma-targeted {CD}4+ {CAR} t cells mediate
  superior antitumor activity}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{{JCI} Insight}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{3}}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2018}).

\bibitem{Yang2017}
\bibinfo{author}{Yang, Y.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{TCR} engagement negatively affects {CD}8 but not
  {CD}4 {CAR} t cell expansion and leukemic clearance}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Science Translational Medicine}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{9}}, \bibinfo{pages}{eaag1209}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).

\bibitem{Heathman2015}
\bibinfo{author}{Heathman, T. R.~J.} \emph{et~al.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Expansion, harvest and cryopreservation of human
  mesenchymal stem cells in a serum-free microcarrier process}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Biotechnology and Bioengineering}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{112}}, \bibinfo{pages}{1696--1707}
  (\bibinfo{year}{2015}).

\bibitem{Sart2011}
\bibinfo{author}{Sart, S.}, \bibinfo{author}{Errachid, A.},
  \bibinfo{author}{Schneider, Y.-J.} \& \bibinfo{author}{Agathos, S.~N.}
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Controlled expansion and differentiation of
  mesenchymal stem cells in a microcarrier based stirred bioreactor}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{{BMC} Proceedings}}
  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{5}} (\bibinfo{year}{2011}).

\end{thebibliography}